白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂抑制大鼠高危角膜移植免疫排斥反应的实验研究

目的 观察白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra)抑制大鼠高危角膜移植后免疫排斥反应、促进植片存活的作用。方法 对40只SD大鼠(40眼)用缝线法诱导角膜新生血管增生,选取其中的30只大鼠(30眼)并随机分为实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组及对照组Ⅲ组,每组均接受同种异系(Wistar大鼠)供体角膜,行穿透性角膜移植术。实验组于术后第1日起分别滴用50 μg/ml的IL-1ra滴眼液(Ⅰ组)和1%的CsA滴眼液(Ⅱ组),每日3次。受试动物术后均每日滴用典必殊滴眼液及托品卡胺滴眼液3次,连续14 d。术后比较各组大鼠免疫排斥反应发生的时间,对角膜植片存活情况进行评分,观察其效果。结果 两实验组角膜植片平均存活时间分别为(12.00±1.50) d和(10.44±1.13) d,明显高于对照组(8.00±1.25) d,差异有显著性(P<0 01);两实验组间比较,差异亦有显著性(P<0 01)。结论 IL-1ra可抑制高危角膜移植后的免疫排斥反应,减少新生血管的生成,减轻免疫性炎性反应,延长角膜植片的存活时间。     

Effect of a cyclosporine A delivery system in corneal transplantation

目的　探讨前房内植入含环孢素A的缓释系统 (CsADDS)抑制高危角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应的有效性和可行性。方法　角膜新生血管化的近交系Wistar大鼠作为受体 ,供体取自SD大鼠 ,行穿透性角膜移植的大鼠随机分为 4组 :(1)对照组 ;(2 )CsADDS前房植入组 ;(3)CsADDS结膜下植入组 ;(4) 1%CsA橄榄油滴眼组。植片每 3天行裂隙灯显微镜检查并加以评估。分别于术后 1、2、4周行房水中CsA浓度的检测。移植后的 1、2、4周取眼球行组织病理学检查。结果　角膜植片平均存活时间分别为 :对照组 8 2± 1 4 8天 ;CsADDS结膜下植入组 11 4± 2 5 0天 ;前房植入CsADDS组 17 0± 2 0 0天。前房植入组与其它各组相比 ,有显著统计学差异 (P <0 0 5 )。相对于其它治疗组前房植入组的眼内CsA浓度明显增高 ,并且发现CsA聚合物的植入体在前房中只引起轻微而短暂的炎症反应。结论　前房植入CsA聚合物可明显延长高危角膜移植术后的植片存活时间 ,这一眼内缓释系统对于抑制高危角膜移植术后的免疫排斥反应不失为一种有效方法。     

高危角膜移植免疫排斥反应中ICAM-1的作用

目的:探讨细胞间粘附分子-1(intercellular adhesion Molecule-1,ICAM-1)在高危角膜移植免疫排斥反应中的作用.方法:制作兔角膜新生血管(Comeal neovascularization,CNV)模型后行穿透性角膜移植(penetrating keratoplasty,PKP)4组,A组:正常对照组;B组:自体穿透性角膜移植组;C组:同种异体穿透性角膜移植组;D组:新生血管化角膜穿透性移植组.术后对CNV生长情况进行评分;记录植片存活时间;记录移植排斥指数(rejection index,RI);应用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)双抗体夹心法检测房水及外周血中sICAM-1的含量.结果:CNV生长达中央平均为16.4±1.8d;排斥组植片平均存活12.4±1.3d,其他组角膜植片长期存活;正常房水和血清中均可检测到少量的sICAM-1,它们的浓度分别为16.55±3.63pg/ml,95.15±6.26pg/ml;术后早期D组房水及外周血中sICAM-1含量即升高,至排斥反应前达最高水平分别为53.87±19.25pg/ml,378.78±30.58pg/ml,在观察期内维持高水平;排斥反应发生时,炎性细胞布满全层,基质结构紊乱,有大量新生血管,部分内皮消失.结论:ICAM-1在角膜移植免疫排斥反应中发挥重要作用,术后监测ICAM-1浓度变化对排斥反应的发生有一定预测和早期诊断作用.     

雷帕霉素抑制大鼠高危角膜移植免疫排斥反应的实验研究

目的：研究雷帕霉素对大鼠高危角膜移植免疫排斥反应的抑制作用。方法：建立大鼠高危穿透性角膜移植动物模型，以角膜新生血管化sD大鼠为受体。Wistar大鼠为供体，分别腹腔注射0．5％羧甲基纤维素（对照组）、雷帕霉素、环孢霉素A、雷帕霉素＋环孢霉素A，共12d。用裂隙灯显微镜对角膜植片进行临床观察，记录角膜植片存活时间，并进行组织学检查。结果：用药组角膜植片的存活时间显著增加（P〈0．01）；组织学发现联合用药组的角膜炎性细胞浸润、新生血管形成度水肿程度均明显好于其他各组。结论：雷帕霉素能显著延长角膜植片的存活时间，对大鼠高危穿透性角膜移植排斥反应具有抑削作用，与环孢霉素A联合用药具有协同作用，优于各单药物治疗组。     

1,25-二羟维生素D3抑制大鼠角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应

目的研究1,25-二羟维生素D3对角膜移植术后免疫排斥反应的影响。方法以45只SD大鼠为受体,15只Wistar大鼠为供体建立穿透性角膜移植模型。受体SD大鼠随机分成实验组、实验对照组和对照组,每组15只。实验组及实验对照组行同种异体角膜移植,对照组行自体角膜移植。术后0～13d实验组腹腔注射1,25-二羟维生素D31.0μg&#183;kg-1&#183;d-1,对照组和实验对照组注射灭菌花生油2ml/d;术后观察植片存活情况,并于术后14、21、30d每组随机处死5只大鼠行植片病理学检查和ELISA检测外周血IL-1β、IL-2、IL-8、IL-10。结果对照组角膜植片存活时间为（21.7&#177;6.8）d,实验对照组为（11.2&#177;2.5）d,实验组为（19.3&#177;5.2）d,3组比较统计学差异非常显著（P〈0.01）;病理学检查示实验组淋巴细胞浸润和新生血管均较实验对照组少;实验组外周血中IL-1β、IL-2、IL-8含量与实验对照组相比下降,IL-10含量增高,统计学差异非常显著（P〈0.01）。结论1,25-二羟维生素D3能在角膜移植后有效的保护植片,抑制排斥反应,延长植片存活时间。     

肌注不同剂量环孢霉素A抑制大鼠角膜移植的免疫排斥反应

目的：探讨环孢霉素A不同剂量对大鼠角膜移植免疫排斥反应的影响。方法：以Wistar大鼠为供体,Lewis大鼠为受体建立角膜移植实验模型。将33只Lewis大鼠（33眼）随机分为A、B、C3组,每组11只。A组术后肌注CsA【1mg,（kg·d）】,B组给予CsA【10mg／（kg·d）】,C组给予等量不含药物的PBS,每次100ul,3次/d,连续用药10d。术后判断植片排斥情况,比较3组角膜植片的平均存活时间和新生血管评分。术后10d,病理组织学检查角膜的结构变化,并进行T细胞增殖实验,观察各组间T细胞增殖情况。结果：A、B组植片发生排斥反应的时间明显延迟,A组植片平均存活时间为（12．5±0．43）d,B组为（58±18．79）d,C组为（9±0．45）d,3组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。B组术后各时间点角膜新生血管的生长明显低于C组（P〈0．05）。A组与c组除第6天外,其余时间点无统计学意义。A、B组角膜植片中炎性细胞和新生血管较c组减少。角膜A、B组T细胞增殖量明显低于C组（P〈0．05）。结论：10mg／（kg·d）CsA能够有效抑制大鼠角膜移植术后免疫排斥的发生。     

心脏死亡大鼠供体角膜移植排斥模型建立

目的建立一种心脏死亡大鼠供体角膜移植排斥模型,观察术后排斥反应,总结手术操作技巧,提高大鼠角膜移植排斥模型的成功率。方法 50只成年雌性SD大鼠按照随机数字表随机分为供体组(10只,20眼)、实验组(同种异体角膜移植组20只,20眼)、对照组(自体角膜移植组20只,20眼)。5 m L空气注射入供体大鼠心腔内造成心脏死亡后取4.25 mm直径角膜植片。实验组大鼠采用水合氯醛腹腔麻醉后作4.0 mm直径植床,将供体植片用国产12-0缝线间断缝合于受体植床上行穿透性角膜移植术;对照组采用水合氯醛腹腔麻醉后用4.0 mm环钻取角膜,植片旋转180°原位缝合。术后两组大鼠滴妥布霉素眼膏1次/d。体式显微镜下观察并拍照,按照Larkin的标准进行排斥反应评分,计算排斥反应指数,直至术后14 d取材。统计两组排斥反应指数评分,采用SPSS软件进行t检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结果 (1)实验组大鼠中有1只死亡,19只发生排斥反应,排斥率为100%,对照组无排斥反应发生;(2)术后14 d,实验组排斥反应评分为(8.5±2.12)分,远高于对照组排斥反应评分(3.0±0.32)分,... 更多     

青藤碱对肾移植大鼠IL-2的影响

目的 :研究青藤碱 (sinomenine,SIN)对肾移植大鼠存活时间及IL - 2的影响 ,探讨SIN免疫抑制作用的可能机制。方法 :实验分四个组 ,采用改良式大鼠肾移植术行Wistar→SD大鼠单肾移植 ,观测术后受体鼠的存活时间 ;ELISA法检测受体鼠外周血IL - 2水平。结果 :对照组受体鼠均在术后第 9天内死亡 ,平均存活时间 7.4± 0 .7d ,SIN组存活时间为 9.1± 1.0d ,而与低剂量CsA(2 .5mg/kg·d ,ip)联用后明显延长至 18d以上。SIN组受体鼠外周血IL - 2水平低于对照组 ,而SIN +CsA组受体鼠IL - 2水平明显低于对照组。结论 :SIN对大鼠肾移植的急性排斥反应具有一定的抑制作用 ,并与低剂量CsA产生显著的协同效应。SIN免疫抑制作用机制可能是抑制Th1细胞产生IL - 2 ,与CsA的作用机制相似。     

肿瘤坏死因子-α在角膜移植免疫排斥反应中作用的实验研究

目的　探讨肿瘤坏死因子 α在角膜移植免疫排斥反应中的作用。方法　以近交系大鼠制作穿透性角膜移植模型 4 4例 ,利用逆转录 多聚酶链反应和酶联免疫吸附实验技术分别检测不同时间供、受体角膜组织内TNF αmRNA的表达和外周血清中TNF α的水平 ,同时观察移植角膜组织的病理形态学变化 ,并观察应用抗TNF α单克隆抗体治疗后上述各项指标的变化。结果　同基因移植大鼠角膜轻度增厚 ,浅基质层见轻度炎性反应。在发生排斥反应的异基因移植鼠 ,角膜明显变厚 ,各层弥漫散在炎性细胞。术后早期各组大鼠血清TNF α浓度均有升高 ,而后同基因组逐渐下降 ,术后第 7天即已降至正常水平。异基因组渐趋升高 ,治疗组升高时间后延 ,而当发生排斥反应时 ,二者差异无显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。异基因组自术后第 3天以及治疗组自术后第 7天 ,在供、受体角膜组织中均检测到TNF αmRNA的表达 ,而在同基因移植大鼠和正常大鼠角膜中则未检测到。异基因移植大鼠植片存活时间为 10 .2± 1.94d ,而抗体治疗组 13.8± 2 .17d ,二者相比差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　TNF α在角膜移植免疫排斥反应中发挥重要作用 ,术后监测TNF α浓度变化对排斥反应的发生有一定预测和早期诊断作用 ,并且可延长植片存活时间     

青藤碱防治角膜移植排斥反应的实验研究

目的观察青藤碱滴眼液对大鼠穿透性角膜移植术后急性排斥期免疫排斥反应的影响。方法建立Wistar→SD大鼠同种异体穿透性角膜移植动物模型,受者随机分为生理盐水对照组(A组),0.5%SIN(B组),1%SIN(C组),2%SIN(D组),术后连续观察,并对各组大鼠角膜植片存活情况和排斥反应指数进行评分比较,评价药效。结果术后各组角膜移植排斥指数及发生角膜移植排斥时间,A组与B组,A组与C组,A组与D组,B组与C组,C组与D组比较差异均有显著性(P均<0.05);B组与D组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论SIN滴眼液可以有效的防治角膜移植免疫排斥反应,1%SIN滴眼液更有效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.