锁骨钩钢板在锁骨远端骨折治疗中的应用

目的探讨锁骨钩钢板在治疗锁骨远端骨折的临床应用价值。方法自2003年5月-2007年10月，应用锁骨钩钢板治疗CraigⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ型锁骨远端骨折30例，手术遵循操作顺序，切口愈合后对肩关节功能进行评定。结果按照Constant and Murley评分方法，其中27例得到顺利评分，平均分为76分，其余3例患者拒绝评分。结论锁骨钩钢板是治疗锁骨远端骨折较好的治疗方法，具有手术操作简便、内固定牢靠、可早期进行锻炼等优点。     

锁骨钩钢板治疗锁骨远端骨折

目的观察锁骨钩钢板治疗锁骨远端骨折的疗效。方法从2003年3月至2008年5月用锁骨钩钢板治疗锁骨远端骨折40例,平均随访9.8个月。结果35例患者在术后6周完全恢复肩关节功能,5例患者在术后8周恢复肩关节功能。随访骨折均Ⅰ期愈合,未出现螺钉松动和钢板断裂。结论锁骨钩钢板治疗锁骨远端骨折是一种较好的方法,可使肩关节获得较好的功能。     

锁骨钩钢板治疗新鲜 NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折及Tossy Ⅲ型肩锁关节脱位

目的 总结锁骨钩钢板内固定治疗新鲜Neer Ⅱ型锁骨远端骨折及Tossy Ⅲ型肩锁关节脱位的手术方法及临床疗效.方法 2004年8月～2008年10月,应用锁骨钩钢板治疗28 例Neer Ⅱ型锁骨远端骨折和21 例 Tossy Ⅲ型肩锁关节脱位,术中仅行锁骨钩钢板固定,未刻意修复喙锁韧带、喙肩韧带.术后X光片评估锁骨骨折愈合及肩锁关节脱位的复位,根据Constant-Murley 评分系统评价肩关节功能康复情况.结果 手术后复查X 线片示锁骨远端骨折及肩锁关节均完全复位.患者均获随访,随访12～48月,平均14.9月,均提示锁骨远端骨折愈合、无螺钉松动、钢板或钩部折断.术后8～18月内固定取出后,无肩锁关节再脱位.2例术后4个月患肩活动过大时明显感肩部酸痛不适,8月后取出钢板后症状消失.随访终末,所有患者Constant-Murley 评分平均为89.6分(83～92分).结论 采用锁骨钩钢板内固定治疗新鲜NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折及Tossy Ⅲ型肩锁关节脱位,具有复位简单、固定确切、肩关节可以早期活动、肩关节功能恢复好等优点.     

锁骨钩钢板与喙锁螺钉治疗锁骨远端NeerⅡ型骨折的临床疗效比较

目的评价及比较锁骨钩钢板与喙锁螺钉治疗锁骨远端NeerⅡ型骨折的临床疗效。方法自2006年1月～2009年9月间,收治30例锁骨远端NeerⅡ型骨折,患者随机分为两组,复位后分别应用喙锁螺钉和锁骨钩钢板内固定,术后适度限制肩关节活动,随访观察至骨折愈合后行内固定取出术。应用Constant-Murley法评价肩关节功能。比较取出前后和两组患者的肩关节评分。结果锁骨钩钢板骨折愈合时间为10.7周,喙锁螺钉为9.3周。两组患者最终肩关节功能比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),未发生内固定松动、移位等。其中锁骨钩钢板组有26.7%出现肩痛。两组患者取出后肩痛和运动范围均有改善。结论喙锁螺钉和锁骨钩钢板治疗锁骨远端NeerⅡ型骨折临床疗效相似,功能恢复满意。内固定术后限制肩关节活动范围,骨折愈合后尽早取出,能有效避免内固定并发症。     

锁骨钩钢板治疗新鲜TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位和NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折

目的探讨锁骨钩钢板内固定治疗新鲜TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位和NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折的临床疗效、并发症及内固定取出的必要性。方法2005年6月-2008年6月,收治24例TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位和20例NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折患者。男32例,女12例;年龄18～66岁,平均38.5岁。左侧18例,右侧26例。均为新鲜闭合骨折、脱位。致伤原因:交通伤31例,坠落伤13例。受伤至手术时间2～8d,平均4d。术中采用锁骨钩钢板内固定治疗,肩锁关节脱位复位固定后,未修复断裂喙锁韧带。按照洛杉矶加利福尼亚大学肩关节等级评分系统(UCLA)评定肩关节功能,并对内固定取出前后肩关节的功能状况进行分析。结果术后1周2例切口发生感染,经对症治疗痊愈;其余患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后1周1例发生钢板脱钩,再次手术行钩钢板固定。1例术后3d内肩部剧烈疼痛,去除钢板更换克氏针固定后症状缓解。38例获随访,随访时间8～32个月,平均18个月。无内固定断裂,锁骨远端骨折于术后3～6个月愈合,平均4.2个月。38例末次随访时(内固定去除术前),根据UCLA评定肩关节功能,获优11例,良22例,可5例,优良率为86.8%。20例术后肩关节疼痛患者于3～16个月取出钢板,平均10个月。取出术后患者均获随访,随访时间3～8个月,平均5个月。内固定取出后无再脱位及骨折发生。内固定取出前及取出后UCLA总评分分别为(30.55±4.00)分及(33.85±1.95)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论锁骨钩钢板内固定是治疗新鲜TossyⅢ型肩锁关节脱位和NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折的有效方法之一。术中规范操作、钢板正确塑形及术后积极功能锻炼是预防并发症的有效方法。对于术后肩部有症状的患者,宜取出内固定以改善肩关节功能。     

锁骨钩钢板系统治疗锁骨远端NeerⅡ型骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨应用锁骨钩钢板系统治疗锁骨远端NeerⅡ型骨折的临床效果。方法2004年3月～2006年4月，采用切开复位锁骨钩钢板系统内固定治疗锁骨远端NeerⅡ型骨折患者15例。男12例，女3例；年龄17～69岁，平均39岁。车祸伤8例，跌伤7例，均为急性损伤。术后采用JOA肩部疾患评分标准进行疗效分析。结果术后患者伤121均I期愈合，无术后早期并发症发生。15例患者均获9～34个月随访，平均16．4个月。根据JOA肩部疾患疗效评分标准，JOA总平均分为93．1分，疼痛评分为28．0分，功能评分为18．8分，活动范围评分为26．3分。X线片检查示锁骨骨折于术后3～6个月愈合，平均3．9个月。未发现肩锁关节半脱位及脱位。结论应用锁骨钩钢板系统治疗锁骨远端NeerⅡ型骨折固定可靠，能早期行功能锻炼，术中应保护肩袖和肩锁关节周围组织减少损伤，骨折愈合后内固定需尽早取出。     

锁骨钩锁定加压钢板治疗急性Neer Ⅱ型锁骨远端骨折

目的评价AO锁骨钩锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法 2009年1月至2012年1月,采用AO锁骨钩LCP固定治疗28例NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折患者。男16例,女12例;年龄18～57岁,平均38.7岁。术中所有患者均未修复断裂的喙锁韧带。根据美国洛杉矶加州大学(UCLA)肩关节功能评分评定手术前后肩关节功能。结果手术时间为30～60 min(平均45 min)。所有28例患者均获随访6～36个月(平均20个月)。无伤口感染、内固定断裂松动及骨不连等并发症发生,所有骨折于术后3～6个月愈合(平均4.8个月)。2例出现肩峰撞击症状而外展及上举受限,取出内固定物后症状缓解,肩关节活动度改善。UCLA肩关节功能评分显示,优17例,良9例,差2例,优良率为92.9%。所有患者于术后6～8个月取出内固定物,未出现再次骨折及脱位现象。内固定物取出前后UCLA总评分分别为31.34±3.35分和34.40±2.12分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 AO锁骨钩LCP内固定是治疗急性NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折的有效方法之一。对术后肩部有症状患者,取出内固定物有助于改善肩关节功能。     

锁骨远端锁定钢板与锁骨钩钢板固定NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折的应用效果

目的比较锁骨远端锁定钢板与锁骨钩钢板固定NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折的效果。方法收集2016-12-2018-06间濮阳市中医医院收治的74例NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折患者,依据手术方法不同分为2组。将应用锁骨钩钢板固定治疗患者作为对照组(36例),予以锁骨远端锁定钢板固定的患者作为观察组(38例)。比较2组患者术后骨折愈合时间、并发症、肩关节功能恢复情况等。结果 2组术后骨折愈合时间无显著差异(P>0.05)。观察组肩峰溶解等并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。2组患者术后均获得12个月的随访,术后6个月及12个月时观察组肩关节功能(Constant-Murley)评分均高于对照组,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论与锁骨钩钢板比较,锁骨远端锁定钢板固定NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折,术后并发症少,肩关节功能恢复效果满意。     

锁骨钩钢板治疗急性肩锁关节脱位或锁骨远端骨折

目的 探讨AO／ASIF锁骨钩钢板在重度肩锁关节脱位(PostⅢ-Ⅵ型)及锁骨远端骨折(NeerⅡ型)治疗中的临床效果。方法 2000年1月～2002年9月，对36例重度肩锁关节脱位和8例锁骨远端骨折，行切开复位锁骨钩钢板内固定与喙锁韧带修补术。术后采用Constant Murley法评定肩关节功能。结果 术后2．5～12个月取出钢板。随访时间2～23个月，3例失访。术后无病例发生伤ISI感染、内固定松动或断裂，内固定取出后无病例发生脱位及骨折。内固定术后肩关节评分均值为89分(健侧的95％)，其中外展活动均值为7、9(健侧的88％)；内固定取出术后肩关节评分均值为92分(健侧的98％)，外展活动均值为8．8(健侧的98％)。结论 AO／ASIF锁骨钩钢板是治疗重度肩锁关节脱位和锁骨远端骨折(NeerⅡ型)的一种较好治疗方法。     

锁骨钩钢板内固定治疗锁骨远端骨折并发症分析

目的分析锁骨钩钢板内固定治疗锁骨远端骨折时并发症发生的原因,探讨减少并发症、提高临床疗效的方法。方法回顾性分析锁骨远端骨折25例行锁骨钩板内固定术后的疗效及并发症情况。结果患者均获得随访,所有骨折均愈合良好,术后早期和内置物取出术后患者肩关节功能恢复均较满意。结论锁骨钩钢板治疗移位锁骨远端骨折虽有一定的并发症发生率,但钩钢板取出后表现为疼痛不适等现象均明显缓解。     

髋臼骨折与开放骨折

随着交通事业的发展,由高能量损伤所致的髋臼骨折与开放性骨折日益增多。X线片结合CT检查及螺旋CT三维成像有助于髋臼骨折的诊断。骨折分型广泛采用Lelournel分型及AO分型。保守治疗的应用范围趋于局限,更多地采用手术治疗,强调髋臼骨折的理想复位、坚强内固定和早期功能活动。须注意正确选择手术入路,防止坐骨神经损伤、异位骨化和静脉血栓等手术并发症。而对于开放性骨折,目前强调早期充分清创和固定骨折,及早闭合伤口,注意使用抗生素,早期进行功能锻炼,以促进骨折的愈合和功能的恢复。     

Mild morphometric vertebral fractures predict vertebral fractures but not non-vertebral fractures

Summary

In this meta-analysis of the control arms of four phase 3 trials, mild vertebral fractures were a significant risk factor for future vertebral fractures but not for non-vertebral fracture.

Introduction

A prior vertebral fracture is a risk factor for future fracture that is commonly used as an eligibility criterion for treatment and in the assessment of fracture probability. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of a morphometric fracture according to the severity of fracture.

Methods

We examined the control (placebo) treated arms of four phase 3 trials. Vertebral fracture status was graded at baseline in 7,623 women, and fracture outcomes were documented over the subsequent 20,000 patient-years. Fracture outcomes were characterised as a further vertebral fracture, a non-vertebral fracture or a clinical fracture (non-vertebral plus clinical vertebral fracture). The relative risk of fracture was computed from the merged β coefficients of each trial weighted according to the variance.

Results

Mild vertebral fractures were a significant risk factor for vertebral fractures [risk ratio (RR)?=?2.17; 95 % CI?=?1.70–2.76] but were not associated with an increased risk of non-vertebral fractures (RR?=?1.08; 95 % CI?=?0.86–1.36). Moderate/severe vertebral fractures were associated with a high risk of vertebral fractures (RR?=?4.23; 95 % CI?=?3.58–5.00) and a moderate though significant increase in non-vertebral fracture risk (RR?=?1.64; 95 % CI?=?1.38–1.94).

Conclusions

Prior moderate/severe morphometric vertebral fractures are a strong and significant risk factor for future fracture. The presence of a mild vertebral fracture is of no significant prognostic value for non-vertebral fractures. These findings should temper the use of morphometric fractures in the assessment of risk and the design of phase 3 studies.     

Segmental radius and ulna fractures with scaphocapitate fractures and bilateral multiple epiphyseal fractures

Segmental forearm fractures are rare in children, and management is controversial. Epiphyseal injuries further complicate matters. We report the case of a 15-year-old boy who had segmental radius and ulna fractures with a coronal split of a metaphyseal fragment, along with bilateral epiphyseal fractures of the distal radius and ulna as well as ipsilateral scaphocapitate fractures with perilunate dislocation. There was also a contralateral fracture through the radial neck. The patient underwent immediate internal fixation of the forearm fractures and delayed fixation of the scaphocapitate fractures. Results at 12 months showed excellent functional outcome.     

Olecranon fractures

Several options exist for the management olecranon fractures. These include tension band, plate and intramedullary fixation techniques as well as fragment excision with triceps advancement and non-operative management. No one technique is suitable for the management of all olecranon fractures. In deciding how to treat this common trauma presentation, the surgeon needs a good understanding of the anatomy, different fracture morphologies, surgical options and potential complications. With appropriate management and early mobilisation good functional results can be expected in the majority of patients.     

Acetabular fractures

Summary Each acetabular fracture means a huge intellectual and a demanding technical challenge for the surgeon on charge. Because the hip joint is situated within a complex threedimensional structure the diagnostics of its lesions are difficult. Three conventional X-ray views enable the recognition of a specific fracture type, computertomographic cuts give a detailed view on the type and the severity of the cartilage lesions, threedimensional reconstructions make a clear spatial imaging of the fracture configuration possible. These different radiological images are not superfluous, but complementary. Preoperative planning involves the choice of the approach and of the type of osteosynthesis. The Kocher-Langenbeck and the ilioinguinal approach are non-extensile approaches. They enable the internal fixation of the big majority of acute lesions. Each approach has its specific, well defined field of indications. Specific complications of the Kocher-Langenbeck approach are sciatic nerve palsy and periarticular ossifications. Complications of the ilioinguinal approach are damage to the iliac vessels and/or lymph vessels, to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and to the femoral nerve. Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head is a common complication of both approaches, but has to be differentiated from wear of the femoral head due to friction. Indications for the extended approaches are limited, their risks and complications are higher than in the non-extensile approaches. An active aftertreatment is only possible after a stable fracture fixation, the characteristics of physiotherapy are dependent on the type of approach. In a personal series of 225 operatively treated acetabular fractures, 128 were stabilized through a Kocher-Langenbeck approach. 103 of these patients could be reviewed after an average time of 25,9 months. 73,8 % of them had an excellent or good result in the classification of Merle d'Aubigne. 61 fractures were fixed through an ilioinguinal approach. 48 could be reviewed after a mean time of 23 months. 85,4 % obtained an excellent or good result in the functional scale of Merle d'Aubigne. These results are comparable with similar larger studies in the recent literature. The acetabular fracture in the elderly is a specific and rare type of lesion. When operated on quickly, open reduction and internal fixation can also give gratifying results. Alternative methods as primary or secondary total hip arthroplasty are at least as demanding for the patient and are combined with a high percentage of loosening of the acetabular component. The rarity and complexity of acetabular fractures asks for a specific teaching and learning with a experienced acetabular surgeon.      

Calcaneal fractures

Fractures of the calcaneus generally occur in the event of high-energy trauma, resulting in complex, three-dimensionally oriented fracture patterns. Surgical management is generally indicated for displaced intra-articular fractures, which allows restoration of calcaneal height, width and overall morphology, in addition to the posterior facet articular surface where possible, and allows for a late in situ arthrodesis as a means of salvage in the event of posttraumatic arthritis. What follows is a brief discussion of our preferred methods in the diagnosis and management of calcaneal fractures.     

Vertebral fractures and concomitant fractures of the sternum

From October 1996 to August 2001, 721 patients with vertebral fractures were admitted to our unit. Ten patients suffered from vertebral fractures and concomitant sternal fractures. The clinical notes and plain film radiographs of these patients were studied. The average age of the patients was 37 (20-69) years. Nine had been involved in road traffic accidents. Three patients had fractures of the cervical spine, six of the upper thoracic spine (T1-T6) and one had a lumbar spine fracture. The extra-thoracic fracture group included two patients with neurological compromise and two patients who were neurologically intact. The entire upper thoracic fracture group suffered neurological compromise, with four patients suffering complete neurological deficit. In addition, four of these patients suffered potentially life-threatening intra-thoracic injuries. The relative severity of the neurological compromise and the attendant injuries in the upper thoracic fracture group offers compelling evidence in support of the "fourth column" theory, as expressed by Berg [Berg EE (1993), The sternal-rib complex. A possible fourth column in thoracic spine fractures. Spine 18(13):1916-1919].     

Pelvic fractures

Pelvic fractures are relatively uncommon injuries, but their incidence is rising within the trauma population. Their severity ranges from low-energy, stable injuries to high-energy and unstable patterns; and they continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality. The diagnostic and therapeutic modalities utilized depend on numerous factors including patients' characteristics and haemodynamic status, mechanism of injury and fracture pattern with associated pelvic instability, as well as the timing of presentation and treatment. Knowledge of the complex anatomy and biomechanics of the pelvic ring is essential and dictates the appropriate management. Pelvic surgery following a traumatic disruption of the pelvic ring can be divided into the acute stabilization phase and the delayed reconstruction phase. For unstable pelvic fractures with associated haemodynamic instability, acute management with provisional stabilization of the pelvis and haemorrhage control, with arterial embolization or pelvic packing, helps to reduce early mortality. The second phase of definite pelvic reconstruction and restoration of pelvic anatomy is performed when the patient is physiologically stable, usually within 3–7 days post-injury, aiming to reduce associated late complications and improve function. Besides the complexity of such treatment, pelvic fractures are also associated with a number of acute and chronic complications, including infection, iatrogenic nerve lesions, thromboembolic episodes and pelvic malunion/non-unions, leading to significant morbidity and long-term disabilities with significant impact on patients' quality of life and substantial socioeconomic implications. The management of pelvic fractures still remains a challenge even to the most experienced trauma surgeons and well-developed trauma care systems.