心血管MR新技术在心脏瓣膜病中的应用进展

心脏瓣膜病（VHD）是老年人发生心血管事件的主要原因之一。影像学评估对诊断VHD及治疗决策至关重要。心血管MR （CMR）新技术在瓣膜病中的应用日益广泛,其中4D Flow MRI技术主要用于判断跨瓣血流速度、压差、壁剪切力、血流模式等血流动力学参数,T1 mapping/细胞外间质容积分数技术可定量评估继发于VHD的早期心室重构改变,心肌应变技术可监测早期心肌功能障碍。本文对CMR新技术在VHD中的应用进展进行综述。     

先天性心脏病磁共振诊断(附1000例报道)

目的:评价磁共振对先心病的诊断价值和实用检查技术。材料与方法:1000例先心病作了磁共振检查,扫描序列为自旋回波T1WI序列,梯度回波电影序列和造影增强的磁共振血管成像序列。结果:对于心外大血管异常磁共振诊断符合率为96.5%,对于心内结构异常磁共振诊断符合率为85.6%。结论:磁共振对先心病,特别是伴有心外大血管异常的先心病,复杂先心病和手术后先心病的诊断有很高的实用价值,其中造影增强的磁共振血管成像序列必不可少。     

MR imaging of ischemic heart disease

When ischemic heart disease (IHD) is suspected or confirmed, the primary imaging modality is echocardiography. When appropriate, complementary examinations can be performed. These include stress perfusion scintigraphy, cardiac catheterization, coronary angiography, and CT. MR imaging techniques have developed rapidly over the past several years, and MR imaging has the ability to delineate myocardial perfusion, ventricular function, and myocardial viability in a single examination. Although coronary MR angiography is promising, in recent years it has been supplanted as a noninvasive imaging modality by coronary CT angiography. The other capabilities of MR imaging suggest that it will be performed more and more frequently for the assessment of IHD.     

MR imaging of congenital heart disease

MR examination of patients with congenital heart disease is a useful means of explicitly demonstrating chamber morphology and, in particular, morphologic changes caused by physiologic changes brought on by particular defects. Use of MR techniques allows characterization of chamber morphology for determination of cardiac connections and great artery relationships.The high-contrast resolution of spin echo acquisition provides important morphologic detail. Cine gradient echo techniques complement spin echo acquisition by providing functional and flow information. Although MR examination complements echocardiographic investigation in pediatric and adult patients, is may be useful for replacing angiocardiography, shortening examination time, and decreasing morbidity in diagnostic workups of these patients.     

Ischemic heart disease in people of different somatotypes

Standard methods were used to study interrelations between the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), its risk factors (RF), the course and the somatotype of the test subjects. The study was based on the data obtained during cardiological examination in Minsk of a representative sample of the male population (n = 3761) aged 40 to 59 years. It has been established that the prevalence of CHD, arterial hypertension (AH) and hypercholesterolemia increases consistently on passing over from asthenia to hypersthenia. Proceeding from the data of the exercise tests and analysis of the frequency of combinations of certain forms of CHD in persons belonging to different somatotypes a conclusion has been drawn that CHD runs a graver course in hypersthenic patients. It has also been shown by means of multidimensional analysis that just like RF such as AH, hypercholesterolemia and tobacco smoking, the hypersthenic build up makes a separate and significant contribution to the onset of CHD.     

磁共振胰胆管造影结合多种MRI技术 在胰胆管疾病诊断中的价值

目的探讨磁共振胰胆管造影结合多种MRI技术对胰胆管疾病诊断的价值.方法对经手术病理或ERCP证实的胰胆管疾病患者100例,行包括冠状位T2加权、横断位T2加权、横断位T1加权、Turbo SE MRCP序列及HASTE MRCP序列的MRI检查.结果 MRCP对胰胆管疾病定性诊断准确率为91.0%;结合其他MR成像序列,定性诊断准确率为99.0%(χ2=6.7368, P<0.05).对胆系结石,Turbo SE MRCP检出率为94.9%,HASTE MRCP原始图像结合3D图像的检出率为98.7%;HASTE MRCP 3D图像检出率为84.6%,与Turbo SE MRCP之间存在显著差异(χ2=4.4572, P<0.05).结论 MRCP与其他MR成像技术结合应用,可准确判断梗阻部位,明确病变性质.     

Ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure in diabetic patients

Ischemic heart disease and heart failure are major contributors to the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes mellitus.With growing knowledge of how the metabolic derangements of diabetes contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, we must continuously refine our understanding of optimal screening and strategies for prevention and treatment for these interlinked disorders.This article summarizes our current understanding of ischemic heart disease and heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus, highlighting gaps in our knowledge about the relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Special consideration is given to new strategies for treating the adverse effects of abnormal glucose metabolism on the cardiovascular system.     

Ischemic heart disease in women: a review for primary care physicians

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death among women in the Western world, and its prevalence is growing. The pathophysiology of heart disease in women differs from that in men. Women with chest pain and abnormal stress tests are less likely than men to have critical stenosis of coronary arteries, a phenomenon attributed to endothelial dysfunction. Hypertension, intimal injury, and cholesterol are among the various factors that contribute to endothelial dysfunction. The presenting symptoms of IHD also differ in women. Women are more likely to describe neck and throat pain and to characterize the pain as intense, sharp, or burning. A history of coronary or other vascular disease, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease places patients at high risk for IHD. Risk factor modification can be tailored based on each patient's risk. Hormone replacement therapy, antioxidants, folic acid, and aspirin in healthy women under 65 years of age have recently been shown to be ineffective in the prevention of IHD.     

苯中毒脑病的MR诊断价值初探

目的:探讨MR成像对职业性苯中毒脑病的诊断作用、价值及意义。方法:对18例职业性苯接触人员神经系统体征阳性患者进行神经系统常规检查,收集其MR影像资料,排除其它疾病后总结影像表现特征。结果:18例苯中毒患者MR表现有其特征,主要表现为白质系统及灰质核团的水肿,分布均匀对称。结论:结合苯接触史,MR成像联合DWI序列对苯中毒脑病有确诊价值,能指导临床治疗,促进职业健康防护。     

Ischemic heart failure

Ischemic heart failure is induced by myocardial ischemia, which is probably the commonest cause of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Theoretically, there are two main strategies to treat the patients with ischemic heart failure; to retard progression of the dysfunction, and to relief and prevent myocardial ischemia. The management with angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor and beta-blocker improve the prognosis of ischemic heart failure by enhancing the left ventricular function and preventing coronary event. Spironolactone also seems to improve their prognosis. In contrast, treatments directed specifically at coronary arteries, such as antithrombotic agents and revascularization, have not been proven to be effective and safe to these patients yet. Large scale clinical trials are currently underway investigating the effect of treatment, such as aspirin, warfarin, clopidogrel and revascularization which are targeted to the coronary syndrome.