中老年妇女骨转换生化指标和骨密度的变化

目的 探讨中老年妇女骨转换生化指标与骨密度随绝经的变化.方法 408名符合条件40 ～80岁的女性志愿者,同一时间段留取血清和晨尿,统一用酶免方法 测定血清骨碱性磷酸酶(BAP)、骨钙素和尿I型胶原氨基末端肽(uNTX);用舣能X线骨密度仪测定前后位腰椎1-4(L1-4)、左侧股骨颈的骨密度.结果 (1)BAP、骨钙素和uNTX与年龄、孕次、生育次数和绝经年限呈正相关(均P相似文献   

成年女性血骨转换指标变化的临床观察

目的 分析40 ～ 80岁女性血清中总Ⅰ型胶原氨基端前肽(PINP)、β-胶原降解产物(β-Crosslaps)、N端骨钙素(N-MID)及甲状旁腺素(PTH)的变化规律,以及这几项指标与骨密度(BMD)的相关性. 方法 采用美国GE公司生产的Lunar Prodigy双能X线(DXA)骨密度仪,检测各部位BMD;采用电化学发光免疫分析法分析血清中PINP、β-Crosslaps、N-MID及PTH的含量. 结果 PINP、β-Crosslaps及N-MID在50 ～ 59岁年龄段开始明显升高(P＜0.05),随后随年龄增长呈下降趋势;PTH在70～80年龄段开始明显升高(P＜0.05).PINP、β-Crosslaps及N-MID与各部位BMD呈显著负相关(r=-0.256～-0.134,P均＜0.05);PTH与FN及Troch的BMD呈显著负相关(r=-0.138、-0.201,P均＜0.05).与正常骨量组比较,低骨量组(除Ward's部位外)和骨质疏松(OP)组妇女的PINP及N-MID显著升高(P均＜0.05);低骨量组和OP组妇女的β-Crosslaps均显著升高(P＜0.05);在L1～4及FN区域,低骨量组妇女的PTH显著升高(P均＜0.05),在FN、Ward及Troch区域,OP组妇女的PTH显著升高(P均＜0.05). 结论 高骨转换状态是女性骨量丢失的重要原因,而PINP、β-Crosslaps、N-MID及PTH能反映女性随年龄和绝经变化的骨转换状态,监测这几个指标有助于早期防治OP.     

女性骨代谢转换生化指标和骨密度随龄变化及其相互关系

目的 观察女性血清骨钙素、Ⅰ型胶原N-末端肽(NTx)、尿脱氧吡啶啉(DPD)和骨密度(BMD)随年龄变化的规律，探讨骨转换生化指标和BMD的关系。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法测定895例女性血清骨钙素、NTx和尿DPD；用Hitachi 7170A全自动生化分析仪测定尿肌酐；采用双能X线骨密度仪测定1～4腰椎后前位(L1-4)和左侧髋部股骨颈BMD。结果血清骨钙素、NTx和尿DPD与年龄相关，用三次回归方程拟合的决定系数R^2为0.060～0.243(P—0.000)。骨钙素、NTx和尿DPE)在30～39岁降低至最低水平，40～59岁显著升高，随后维持在较高水平。骨钙素、NTx和尿DPD3个指标呈显著性相关(r=0.118～0.346，P=0.000)。骨钙素、NTx和尿DPD与腰椎和股骨颈BMD呈负相关(r=-0.120～-0.347，P=0.001～0.000)，高骨转换型绝经后妇女腰椎和股骨颈原发性骨质疏松症的患病风险为1．6～3．6。用三次回归方程或复合模型拟合骨钙素、NTx、尿DPD伴随L1-4和股骨颈BMD变化的决定系数为0.008～0.275(P=0.007～0.000)。结论 女性年龄依赖性骨转换生化指标和BMD呈负相关；绝经后妇女高骨转换状态是原发性骨质疏松症患病的危险因素。     

基质金属蛋白酶1、2及其组织抑制因子1与成年女性年龄、骨转换生化指标及骨密度的关系

目的探讨血清基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-1、MMP-2、组织金属蛋白酶抑制因子(TIMP)-1与女性年龄、骨密度(BMD)及骨转换生化指标之间的关系。方法用ELISA测定591名20～80岁女性的血清MMP-1、MMP-2、TIMP-1、骨碱性磷酸酶(BAP)、骨钙素(OC)和Ⅰ型胶原氨基末端肽(NTX)水平,用双能X线骨密度仪测定多骨骼部位的BMD。结果(1)MMP-1、MMP-2、TIMP-1与年龄呈正相关(均P＜0．01)。(2)按是否绝经分组结果表明：绝经后妇女MMP-2水平较绝经前妇女高[(1272±279)μg/L与(1141±290)μg/L,P＜0．01]。(3)MMP-2与BMD呈负相关(P＜0．05),但多元线性回归分析表明MMP-2不是BMD的预测因子。(4)MMP-2与血清BAP、OC、NTX正相关(均P＜0．01)。(5)绝经后骨质疏松症患者血清MMP-2水平高于年龄匹配的正常对照组、骨量减少组[(1466±313,1222±243,1282±220)μg/L,均P＜0．01]。结论血清MMP-2与骨转换生化指标相关联。血清MMP-2水平升高可能为高骨代谢转换过程(如绝经后骨质疏松症)中的一种伴随表现。     

替勃龙对绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨密度及骨代谢指标的影响

目的观察替勃龙(Livial)对绝经后女性骨质疏松症患者骨密度(BMD)和骨代谢指标的影响。方法对121名年龄51～62岁、自然绝经的女性进行骨密度测定,将89例骨质疏松女性患者随机分为替勃龙组(45例)和钙剂组(44例);32名绝经后骨密度正常的女性作为对照组。各组均于用药前、用药后12、24周采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定骨碱性磷酸酶(sBAP)、骨钙素(sOC)、Ⅰ型胶原交联C端肽(sCTx)和尿Ⅰ型胶原交联N端肽(uNTx),用双能X线吸收法(DEXA)测定腰椎正位,股骨颈,Ward’s三角和大粗隆的骨密度(BMD)。结果经治疗后,替勃龙组骨密度有所提高,而钙剂组和对照组骨密度均下降;替勃龙组的sBAP、sOC升高,sCTx、uNTx/Cr明显下降,钙剂组和对照组变化不明显。结论替勃龙治疗绝经后骨质疏松症疗效显著。单纯服用钙剂不能治疗绝经后骨质疏松症,且继续骨流失。     

绝经后骨质疏松症相关因素与雌激素受体-α基因PvuⅡ、XbaⅠ多态性的关系

目的　研究上海市绝经后妇女骨质疏松症与雌激素受体 α(ER α)基因PvuⅡ、XbaⅠ多态性及相关因素的关系。　方法　按骨密度 (BMD)值将上海市 5 17例绝经后汉族妇女分为骨质疏松组 (2 4 4例 )和对照组 (2 73例 ) ,用PCR 限制性片段长度多态技术检测ER α基因PvuⅡ、XbaⅠ多态性。　结果　ER α基因PvuⅡ、XbaⅠ等位基因和基因型频率分布在两组间差异无显著性。在全部受试者中 ,2～ 4腰椎 (L2～ 4)、股骨颈 (Neck)、大转子 (Troch)及Ward’s三角 (Ward’s)的BMD值与体重呈正相关 (r为 0 4 5 3、0 5 34、0 5 0 4、0 35 1,均为P <0 0 0 1) ,与年龄、绝经年限负相关 (P <0 0 0 1) ;职业与股骨近端各部位BMD值呈正相关 (P <0 0 1) ;月经初潮年龄、身高分别与L2～ 4及股骨颈BMD值负相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ;ER α基因PvuⅡ多态性与股骨近端各部位BMD值相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但骨质疏松组和对照组均未发现PvuⅡ、XbaⅠ多态性与BMD值的关联 ,PvuⅡ、XbaⅠ多态性频率分布在两组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。　结论　ER α基因PvuⅡ多态性、年龄、身高、体重、月经初潮年龄、绝经年限和职业与绝经后妇女BMD值相关 ,但ER α基因PvuⅡ、XbaⅠ多态性不是上海绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的遗传易感因子。     

济南地区绝经妇女绝经年限与腰椎骨密度的关系

目的探讨济南地区妇女绝经年限与腰椎骨密度(BMD)的关系。方法采用东芝Aquilion四层螺旋CT及所配骨密度软件对525例符合条件的健康志愿者进行L1和L3椎体松质骨BMD检测。结果峰值骨量过后,BMD随年龄增加而逐渐降低(P均<0.01),女性45岁年龄段进入骨量减少期。女性绝经1年后骨量快速流失:1～5年期间平均年流失率6.63%,6～10年4.09%,11～15年3.07%,16～20年2.76%,21～25年2.36%,26～30年2.07%。结论 BMD随绝经年限增加而逐渐降低,呈线性关系。腰椎松质骨BMD可为骨质疏松症临床早期诊断、骨折危险性预测提供客观依据。     

基质金属蛋白酶-1、-2与女性年龄、骨转换生化指标及骨密度的关系

目的 探讨血清基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-1、MMP-2与女性年龄、骨密度（BMD）及骨转换生化指标之间的关系。方法用ELISA测定591例20-80岁女性志愿者血清MMP-1、MMP-2、血清骨碱性磷酸酶（BAP）、血清骨钙素（OC）和血清Ⅰ型胶原氨基末端肽（NTX）,用DEXA测定腰椎1-4正位总体、股骨颈、Ward三角区、总髋部的BMD。结果（1）MMP-1、MMP-2与年龄呈正相关。（2）绝经后妇女MMP-2水平高于绝经前妇女（P〈0．001）。（3）MMP-2与BMD呈负相关（P〈0．05）,但多元线性回归分析表明MMP-2不是BMD的预测因子。（4）MMP-2与血清BAP、OC、NTX正相关（P〈0．01）。（5）绝经后骨质疏松症患者血清MMP-2水平高于年龄匹配的正常对照组、骨量减少组（P〈0．01）。结论血清MMP-2与骨转换生化指标相关联。血清MMP-2水平升高可能为高骨转换过程（如绝经后骨质疏松症）中的一种伴随表现。     

女性骨转换指标与年龄和腰椎骨密度的关系

目的观察20～80岁健康女性血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（sBAP）、血清和尿液中Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端肽（sCTX和uCTX）随年龄变化的规律及其与腰椎正位骨密度（BMD）之间的关系。方法用ELISA法测定sBAP、sCTX和uCTX，以自动分析仪测定血清总碱性磷酸酶（sTAP）和尿肌酐；同时用双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎正位的BMD。结果（1）年龄与sBAP、sCTX、uCTX和sTAP之间均存在明显的相关性，决定系数（R^2）分别是0.371、0.130、0.121和0.333。（2）在校正年龄、体重及身高的影响之后腰椎正位的BMD与sBAP、sCTX、uCTX和sTAP明显负相关，其与骨转换指标的相关系数（r）分别为-0．37、-0．29、-0．26和-0．30（均P〈0.01）。（3）按腰椎正位的峰值骨量确定正常骨量、低骨量及骨质疏松的人群，发现sBAP、sCTX、uCTX和sTAP在3组之间差异存在统计学意义。结论sBAP、sCTX、uCTX随年龄而变化并与腰椎正位BMD间存在负相关。血清sBAP、sCTX和uCTX在低骨量和骨质疏松的人群中明显升高，提示其是健康女性确定骨转换率的敏感指标。     

体重、体重指数对健康绝经后妇女骨密度的影响

目的探讨体重和体重指数（BMI）对健康绝经后妇女骨密度（BMD）的影响。方法采用双能X线骨密度仪测量591例健康绝经后女性不同部位的BMD，按BMI不同分为低体重组、正常体重组和肥胖组进行分析。结果各部位的BMD随BMI的增加而增高（P〈0．01）。BMD随年龄的增长而降低（P〈0．01）。肥胖组各部位BMD均比正常体重组和低体重组高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。年龄和体重是决定BMD变异的主要因素，年龄与BMD呈负相关，体重与BMD呈正相关，绝经年龄与腰椎正位BMD呈正相关；BMI与BMD无相关性。结论体重是影响绝经后妇女BMD的重要因素。对低体重的绝经后妇女定期监测BMD，有助于早期干预。     

以生物电阻法检测的身体组成成分与女性骨量的关系

目的 探讨体内的体脂和非体脂对绝经前和绝经后妇女骨密度(BMD)的作用。方法 282例绝经前和205例绝经后妇女参加本研究,用双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎和股骨颈BMD,用生物电阻法测定体脂和非体脂,同时测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围,并计算体重指数(BMI)和腰臀围比(WHR)。结果 体脂和非体脂与绝经前、绝经后妇女腰椎和股骨颈BMD均呈显著正相关(P＜0．01),多元逐步回归分析显示,在绝经前妇女中,非体脂和年龄是腰椎BMD的独立影响因素(R^2=0．077,P=0．000),非体脂、年龄和BMI是影响股骨颈BMD的决定因素(R^2=0．130,P=0．000),在绝经后妇女中,体脂和年龄是影响腰椎和股骨颈BMD的决定因素(R^2分别为0．153和0．184,P=0．000)。结论 体脂和非体脂对绝经前和绝经后妇女BMD的作用不同,非体脂是决定绝经前妇女骨量的重要因素,而体脂是影响绝经后妇女骨量的重要因素。     

Add-back medrogestone does not prevent bone loss in premenopausal women treated with goserelin.

To investigate the effect of medrogestone on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover under conditions of estrogen withdrawal, premenopausal women with endometriosis were treated with goserelin (Zoladex), combined with either placebo (group A, n = 12) or 10 mg medrogestone (Prothil, group B, n = 11) for six months, and followed for an additional six months. Lumbar spine BMD was measured at 0 and 6 month. Markers of bone turnover were serum bone alkaline phosphatase (sBAP) and osteocalcin (sOC) by ELISA, and urinary total pyridinoline (uPYD) and deoxypyridinoline crosslinks (uDPD) by HPLC. Patients in both groups had a similar and significant decrease in BMD after 6 months (4%, p < 0.01). The time course of changes in bone turnover, in contrast, was different in both groups. In group A, crosslink excretion increased from one month onwards, while no changes were seen in group B. In group A, sBAP levels rose during treatment, while in group B, this rise was delayed until treatment was terminated. Additionally, group B showed an initial suppression of sBAP and sOC. In both groups, sOC increased after treatment was discontinued. Medrogestone at 10 mg/d does not prevent lumbar bone loss in premenopausal women under estrogen deprivation. In the medrogestone add back group, the changes in bone turnover are compatible with low turnover bone loss,as ooposed to a state of high turnover seen in the unopposed goserelin group. This effect may be due to glucocorticoid receptor mediated actions of medrogestone on bone.     

Age-related changes in bone density among healthy Greek males.

Osteoporosis in men is increasingly recognized as a problem in clinical medicine, but it has received much less attention than its counterpart in women. It is termed idiopathic if no known cause of bone disease can be identified clinically or in the laboratory. The true incidence of idiopathic osteoporosis (IO) in males is difficult to estimate because population characteristics and referral patterns differ so widely. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of IO in healthy Greek male volunteers by measuring bone mineral density (BMD) at four skeletal sites and examining the relations among age, BMI, and bone status. This type of information has not yet been published. We considered osteoporosis to be present when the BMD was less than or equal to -2.5 SD from the average value for healthy young men. Three hundred and sixty-three normal male volunteers were investigated. The mean age was 51.3+/-8.7 yr, and BMI was 27.5+/-3.7 kg/m2. In all subjects BMD at four skeletal sites - lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), Ward's triangle (WT), and finally trochanter (T) - was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). T-score, Z-score and g/cm2 values were estimated. Forty-four subjects (11%) had BMD< or =-2.5 SD (T-score). The mean age and BMI for the men with decreased BMD was 54.8+/-6.4 yr and 26.3+/-3.3 kg/m2, whereas mean age and BMI for those with normal BMD was 51.0+/-8.9 yr and 27.6+/-3.6 kg/m2, respectively. These differences were statistically significant (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). A positive correlation was found between BMI and bone density (g/cm2) at three skeletal sites: LS (r=0.235, p<0.001), WT (r=0.126, p<0.001) and FN (r=0.260, p<0.001). A positive correlation was also found between BMI and T-score at all skeletal sites studied: LS (r=0.276, p<0.001), WT (r=0.133, p<0.05), FN (r=0.233, p<0.001), and T (r=0.305, p<0.001). Finally, a positive correlation was also found between BMI and Z-score: LS (r=0.256, p<0.001), WT (r=0.117, p<0.005), FN (r=0.240, p<0.001), and T (r=0.187, p<0.001). A negative correlation was found between age and bone density (g/cm2) at FN (r=-0.157, p<0.01) and WT (r=-0.183, p<0.001). The same was true between age and T-score at FN only (r=0.137, p<0.05). Furthermore, a similar correlation was found between age and Z-score at LS (r=0.174, p<0.001). When ANOVA one-way analysis was used, a significant difference was found between the different age groups and BMD (g/cm2) at FN, T, and WT (p<0.001 for all sites). For T-score, a significant difference between age groups was found only at FN (p<0.005). Finally, a significant difference in Z-score was found at FN (p<0.001) and LS (p<0.005). When multiple regression analysis was applied, it was found that BMD (g/cm2) at two sites, FN and WT, independently correlated with age and BMI (FN: p<0.001 for both, WT: p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Finally, we found an accelerated trend toward decreased BMD (g/cm2), when the odds ratio was applied. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that 11% of otherwise healthy Greek men had BMD less than or equal to -2.5 SD. A strong association was found between BMD (g/cm2) and age at three skeletal sites when ANOVA one-way analysis was applied. Moreover, BMD was positively correlated with BMI and negatively correlated with age. Currently available data are sparse and much more research is needed to increase our understanding concerning the etiology of this condition as well as illuminating the relationship between bone density and fracture.     

Influence of lean and fat mass on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

Despite known positive association between body mass and bone mineral density (BMD), relative contribution of fat and lean tissue to BMD remains under debate. We aimed at investigating the effect of selected anthropometric parameters, including fat content and lean body mass (LBM) on BMD in postmenopausal, osteoporotic women with body mass index (BMI) > 20 kg/m². The study involved 92 never-treated women (mean age 69.5 ± 7.3). L1-L4 and femoral neck (FN) BMD were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Absolute (kg) and relative (%) fat and LBM were assessed by means of electric bioimpedance method. We showed both FN and L1-L4 BMD were positively correlated with body mass, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and LBM (kg). Fat content correlated with FN BMD (r = 0.36, p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed the only predictor of L1-L4 BMD was LBM (R² = 0.18, p < 0.05), for FN - both LBM and fat (R² = 0.18, p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Of the women, 44.5% were overweight, 18.4% obese. Obese women displayed the highest BMD. Both L1-L4 and FN BMD were higher in women with WC > 80 cm. In postmenopausal osteoporotic women with BMI > 20 kg/m² both fat and lean tissue might contribute to BMD. Positive association between body mass and BMD does not make obesity and osteoporosis mutually exclusive.     

女性腰椎峰值骨量与骨骼大小的关系

目的　了解女性腰椎骨骼大小对峰值骨密度 (BMD)的影响。方法　采用QDR 450 0A型扇形束DXA骨密度仪 ,测量 52 7例年龄 2 5～ 3 9岁健康女性前后位 (正位AP)腰椎 1～ 4椎体和侧位 (Lat)腰椎 2～ 4椎体的投射骨面积 (BA)、骨矿含量 (BMC)和面积BMD(aBMD)及AP/Lat相伴扫描测量腰椎的体积BMD(vBMD)。用直线和多元线性回归分析骨量与BA、身高和体重之间的关系。按不同BA分组 ,了解各组之间骨量的差异。结果　BA与BMC(r =0 .79和 0 .78,均P <0 .0 1)和aBMD(r =0 .40和 0 .3 8,均P<0 .0 0 1)呈正相关 ,Lat BA与vBMD相关有显著意义 (r =0 .14 ,P <0 .0 1)。AP BA每变化 1个标准差 ,AP BMC和AP aBMD在平均值的基础上分别相应变化 13 .1%和 4.47% ;Lat BA每变化 1个标准差 ,Lat BMC、Lat aBMD和vBMD在平均值的基础上分别相应变化 13 .3 %、4.4%和 1.5% ;AP BA的全距变化所致AP BMC和AP aBMD的变化分别约为 78.6%和 2 6.8% ,Lat BA的全距变化所致Lat BMC、Lat aBMD和vBMD的变化分别约为 79.8%、2 6.3 %和 8.94%。不同BA组之间的身高、体重、BMC和aBMD均具有非常显著性意义 (均P <0 .0 0 1)。影响BA、BMC和Lat aBMD的主要因素为身高 ,影响AP aBMD的主要因素为体重。结论　BMC除以BA不能完全消除骨骼大小对aBMD的影响     

Reduced bone mineral density and altered bone turnover markers in patients with non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B or C infection

AIM: Previous studies suggest that loss of bone mineral density (BMD) frequently occurs in patients with chronic viral liver disease, presenting with histologically proven liver cirrhosis. However, little is known about the occurrence of bone disease in non-cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B or C. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to evaluate this particular population for BMD and bone turnover markers. METHODS: Biochemical markers of bone turnover and BMD were measured in 43 consecutive patients with HCV (n = 30) or HBV (n = 13) infection without histological evidence for liver cirrhosis. Mean age was 49 years (range 26-77 years). BMD was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry in the femoral neck (FN) and the lumbar spine (LS) region. In addition, bone metabolism markers were measured. RESULTS: BMD was lowered in 25 (58%) of the patients with chronic hepatitis B or C (FN; 0.76 (0.53-0.99); LS: 0.96 (0.62-1.23) g/cm2). Eight (32%) osteopenic patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (P= 0.005) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (P = 0.001) were significantly elevated in the more advanced stages of fibrosis. Mean T-score value was lower in patients with chronic hepatitis C as compared to patients suffering from chronic hepatitis B; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P= 0.09). CONCLUSION: There was a significantly reduced BMD in non-cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B or C infection. Alterations of bone metabolism already occurred in advanced liver fibrosis without cirrhosis. According to our results, these secondary effects of chronic viral hepatitis should be further investigated.     

Increased bone mineral content but not bone mineral density in the hip in surgically treated knee and hip osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVE: The inverse relationship between the occurrence of osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis is controversial. Some investigators have found higher bone mineral density (BMD) in the hips, lumbar spine, and other skeletal sites of patients with OA; others have not. We investigated the relationship between BMD and OA. METHODS: We compared the BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), and projected area of the femoral neck (FN) and trochanter (TR) of 99 women with a validated diagnosis of primary OA from the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study (OSTPRE) cohort, with 2012 controls. The measurements were made twice in women aged 47-59 years in 1989-91, and then repeated in 1994-98. RESULTS: After correction for age, body mass index (BMI), menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy use before inclusion, we found no significant difference in femoral BMD of the OA patients compared with controls at baseline and at 5-year followup (FN +2.7%, +4.6%, respectively; nonsignificant). However, the BMC was significantly higher in all regions of interest in OA patients at baseline [FN +8.3% (p = 0.004); TR +13.3% (p = 0.017)]. The projected area of FN was also significantly higher at baseline and followup in OA patients (FN +3.7%, +3.9%, respectively; p < 0.001). The projected area of the bones increased in all subjects over the followup period. The BMD decrease rate was higher in OA patients for all regions of interest during followup. CONCLUSION: Hip BMD of women treated surgically for hip or knee OA was not different from that of healthy controls when measured twice with a 5-year interval. However, at 5-year followup, OA can be accompanied by an increase in bone size or changes in shape, and faster loss of BMD.     

Age-related femoral bone loss in men: evidence for hyperparathyroidism and insulin-like growth factor-1 deficiency

BACKGROUND: We sought to determine the extent to which the age-related decline of femoral neck (FN) bone mineral density (BMD) might be explained by the age-related change of body composition and biological parameters and the mechanisms by which these factors might influence FN BMD in men. METHODS: The relationships between FN BMD and anthropometric, hormonal, and biochemical parameters and bone turnover markers were studied in 82 men aged 25-86 years. RESULTS: Age was associated with a decline of FN BMD and osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP), and urinary C-telopeptide (p <.05). The significant relationship between FN BMD and OC (p <.01) did not remain after adjustment for age. With use of multiple linear regression and adjusting for all significant variables associated with FN BMD in univariate analysis (p <.01) (age, weight, lean and fat mass, height, and levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, insulin-like growth factor [IGF-1], testosterone, and parathyroid hormone [PTH]), age accounted for 29.5% of FN BMD variance. When age was excluded from the model, PTH accounted for 19.5% and IGF-1 for 10% of the FN BMD variance. Bone turnover markers were significantly intercorrelated, and levels of IGF-1 were positively associated with those of bALP and OC (p <.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that age is a strong predictor of FN BMD in men, resulting in a decline of bone remodeling, especially of bone formation. The results also show that, after taking into account anthropometric and other biological factors possibly involved in bone aging, the major part of the effect of age on bone is explained by the age-related increase of PTH and decrease of IGF-1 in men, suggesting that all measures taken to limit these age-related changes may be effective in the prevention of the age-related decline of FN BMD in men.