小于胎龄儿青春前期女孩硫化脱氢表雄酮和胰岛素水平的研究

目的探讨小于胎龄儿(SGA)青春前期女孩肾上腺机能初现及是否具有肾上腺机能早现、高肾上腺雄激素血症、高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗现象。方法以符合纳入标准的SGA 39例为研究对象,年龄(7.4±1.7)岁,42例适于胎龄儿(AGA)为对照组,年龄(7.4±1.7)岁。在隔夜空腹12 h后,行身体检查,并抽血检测空腹血糖、胰岛素、硫化脱氢表雄酮(DHEAS)、皮质醇和雌二醇。胰岛素敏感性用空腹血糖与胰岛素乘积的倒数再取自然对数来评价。结果两组中未发现肾上腺机能早现的临床表现,两组间孕母孕龄、年龄、体重指数、空腹血糖、皮质醇、雌二醇和胰岛素敏感性指数差异无统计学意义。SGA组出生体重、研究时的身高和体重均低于AGA组,SGA血清胰岛素和DHEAS水平均高于AGA组(对数转换值:1.076±0.041vs.1.050±0.051,P<0.05;2.637±0.271vs.2.514±0.250,P<0.05)。AGA组DHEAS值在7岁以后出现明显增加,SGA组DHEAS值出现增加的趋势与AGA组比较有所提前。结论AGA女孩肾上腺机能初现的年龄约为7岁,而SGA女孩肾上腺机能初现有始动提前的趋势,青春前期SGA女孩有高肾上腺雄激素血症和胰岛素水平升高的现象,但以胰岛素敏感性指数来评价,尚未发现胰岛素抵抗现象。     

Normal visual evoked potentials in preschool children born small for gestational age

Aim: Previous studies have shown visual evoked potential (VEP) abnormalities in infants and animals born small for gestational age (SGA) compared with controls. The current exploratory study aims to investigate whether VEP abnormalities persist in older ages. Methods: Pattern VEP latencies were obtained in 21 children (11 girls, 10 boys), born SGA and moderately preterm, at an average age of 5 years and 8 months. Fifty‐one children (24 girls, 27 boys, mean age of 5 years and 7 months), also born moderately preterm but with normal height and weight at birth, served as controls Results: Visual evoked potential results showed no significant differences in latency between children born SGA and controls born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) for either binocular stimulation, right eye or left eye stimulation. Conclusions: Our findings do not indicate any differences in VEP latency at preschool age for children born SGA compared with children born AGA. The results may support previous studies, suggesting that children born SGA show accelerated neurophysiologic maturation during their first year of life and that previously delayed VEP latencies after catch‐up stay unchanged compared with controls.     

Children born small for gestational age are not at special risk for preschool emotion and behaviour problems

Despite the wealth of literature examining long term outcomes of preterm low birthweight children, few studies have directly assessed the developmental impact of being born full term but small for gestational age (SGA). We aim to determine whether (i) being SGA increases preschool behavioural problems and (ii) other risk factors operate differently in SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) controls. 550 New Zealand European mothers and their 3.5 year old children participated in this study. All children were born at full term (>37 weeks' gestation) and approximately half were SGA (≤sex specific 10th percentile for gestation) the remainder were AGA controls. Extensive data were collected at the child's birth, 1 year and 3.5 years. Behavioural problems were measured when children were 3.5 years, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the associations between risk factors and behavioural problems; statistical weighting was used for analyses of the total study group. There was no significant difference in behavioural problems between SGA and AGA groups. In the total sample the significant predictors of behavioural problems included: mothers' school leaving age; smoking during pregnancy; maternal alcohol use during pregnancy; and absence of the father. Predictors of behavioural problems were found to be the same for SGA and AGA groups. These results do not support the view that SGA is a risk for behavioural preschool difficulties or that SGA children are sensitised to risks known to be associated with such difficulties in the preschool years.     

Catch-up growth in appropriate- or small-for-gestational age preterm infants

The aim was to evaluate postnatal growth of preterm infants in childhood and to determine factors that have an effect on catch-up growth (CUG). Ninety-six (42F, 54M) preterm born children with a gestational age of 32.6+/-2.9 weeks and birth weight of 1815+/-668 g were evaluated at age 4.7+/-1.1 years. Preterm children with birth weight and/or length below 10th percentile were accepted as small-for-gestational age (SGA) and those above as appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA). Height SDS was similar (-0.5+/-1.0) in preterm AGA and SGA children. Both groups had low body mass index (BMI) SDS (-0.6+/-1.4 and -1.0+/-1.5, respectively). Of the preterm SGA children, 65.8% showed a CUG in height and 3.8% catch- down growth. These rates were 24.6% and 33.5% in preterm AGA children. CUG in height was best explained by birth length and mother's height and CUG in weight by birth weight and mother's weight. In conclusion, although most of the preterm SGA children show CUG, they reach a compromised height in childhood. A number of preterm AGA children show a catch-down growth.     

成都市9~15岁儿童出生情况与体格指标流行病学调查

目的：宫内环境可能对儿童生长发育产生影响,通过流行病学调查研究四川省成都市9~15岁儿童出生胎龄、体重与体格发育指标的关系。方法：调查9~15岁的中小学学生共7194名,根据出生胎龄及体重对儿童进行分类（包括小于胎龄儿、适于胎龄儿、大于胎龄儿）,测量身高、体重,并对其家长进行问卷调查。结果：被调查人群小于胎龄儿发生率为6.23%（448例）,其中身高未出现“追赶生长”（低于均值两个标准差）为5.13%,且多个年龄段儿童平均身高低于适于胎龄儿（P<0.05）。大于胎龄儿发生率为18.06% (1299例),大于胎龄儿中超重发生率为13.78% (179 例),肥胖发生率为4.39%（57例）,且多个年龄段儿童平均体重大于适于胎龄儿（P<0.05）。结论：出生时为小于胎龄儿、大于胎龄儿的儿童在远期生长发育中,可以出现身高和体重异于正常儿童,应关注这类孩子在学龄期的身高体重发育情况。     

Postnatal growth of preterm born children ≤ 750g at birth

Background

Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants are at risk of impaired postnatal growth. Impaired postnatal growth has been reported to be associated with delayed cognitive and motor development.

Aims

To describe postnatal growth patterns of appropriate and small for gestational age (AGA and SGA) ELBW children in relation to their cognitive and motor outcome at age 5.5.

Study design

Retrospective cohort study.

Subjects

One hundred one children with a BW ≤ 750 g, born between 1996 and 2005 in the University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Outcome measures

Height (Ht), weight (Wt), occipital-frontal circumference (OFC) at birth, 15 months and 2 years corrected age and 3.5 and 5.5 years.Cognitive and motor outcome at 5.5 years of age, classified as normal (Z-score ≥−1), mildly delayed (−2 ≤ Z-score <−1) or severely delayed (Z-score <−2). AGA (Ht, Wt or OFC at birth ≥−2 SDS) infants were compared with SGA (Ht, Wt or OFC at birth <−2 SDS) infants.

Results

Between birth and 5.5 years catch-up growth in Ht, weight for height (Wt/Ht), Wt and OFC was seen in 72.2%, 55.2%, 28.6% and 68.9% respectively of the SGA infants. For AGA infants we found substantial catch-down growth in Ht (15.4%) and Wt (33.8%). Cognitive and motor outcome was normal in 76.2% and 41.6% of the 101 children. A significantly higher percentage of normal cognitive outcome was found in AGA infants with Wt growth remaining at ≥−2 SDS compared to AGA infants with catch-down growth (83% vs 63%). Next, SGA infants who caught-up in OFC had a higher prevalence of normal cognitive outcome compared to SGA infants who did not catch-up in OFC. Furthermore, a higher percentage of severely delayed motor outcome was found in SGA infants without catch-up growth in Wt compared to SGA infants who caught-up in Wt (61.5% vs 32.2%).

Conclusions

Catch-up growth in Ht, Wt/Ht and OFC occurred in the majority of the SGA infants with a BW ≤ 750 g, but was less common in Wt. AGA children who remained their Wt at ≥−2 SDS have a better cognitive and motor developmental outcome at 5.5 years of age. Catch-up growth in OFC was associated with a better cognitive outcome at 5.5 years of age.     

Postnatal growth in VLBW infants: significant association with neurodevelopmental outcome

OBJECTIVE: To study the significance of growth status at birth and postnatal growth on neurodevelopmental outcome in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. STUDY DESIGN: Growth and neurodevelopment were examined in 219 VLBW (<1250 g) children, 94 small for gestational age (SGA) (<10th percentile) and 125 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (>10th percentile). Outcome at age 2 was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Mental Developmental Index [MDI], Psychomotor Developmental Index [PDI]) and a standardized neurologic examination. RESULTS: SGA status was not associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcome. However, after adjustment for covariables including cerebral palsy (CP), SGA children with weight <10th percentile at age 2 had lower mean PDI than SGA children with catch-up growth to weight >10th percentile (mean [SD], 89.9 [17.4] versus 101.8 [14.5]; P<.001). AGA children with catch-down growth (weight <10th percentile at age 2) were, independent of CP, more likely to have lower mean MDI (94.9 vs 101.7, P=.05) and PDI (81.9 vs 95.1; P<.001) than AGA children remaining >10th percentile at age 2. They also more frequently had severe CP (22.9% vs 1.2%; P=.008). CONCLUSIONS: In VLBW children, the course of postnatal growth rather than the appropriateness of weight for gestational age at birth determines later neurodevelopmental outcome.     

Longitudinal follow-up of height up to five years of age in infants born preterm small for gestational age; comparison to full-term small for gestational age infants

OBJECTIVE: This aims to conduct a comparative study of the height catch-up rate in preterm small for gestational age (SGA) infants during early childhood by gestational age and identify the factors affecting short stature in comparison to full-term SGA infants. METHODS: 449 SGA infants (214 full-term infants, 73 infants with gestation of less than 32 weeks, and 162 infants with gestation of more than 32 weeks but less than 37 weeks) from 25 institutions in Japan were assessed for catch-up (> or = -2SD) rate in growth by measuring for length/height at 1 year, 3 years and 5 years of age and the risk factors for no catch-up (< -2SD) at 5 years. RESULTS: The overall length/height catch-up rate was 68% at 1 year, 89% at 3 years and 88% at 5 years. The catch-up rate at 3 and 5 years of age in the group with gestation of less than 32 weeks had a rate of 74%, which was significantly less than the other two groups (approximately 90%). A significant factor associated with short stature at 5 years in the group with gestation of less than 32 weeks was the lower length SD score at time of birth, and for preterm infants born more than 32 weeks of gestation and full-term infants, significant factors were the lower maternal height and head circumference at birth. CONCLUSION: SGA infants born less than 32 weeks of gestation had a higher risk of no catch-up and different factors affecting catch-up compared to preterm SGA infants of gestation more than 32 weeks and full-term SGA infants.     

Bone Mineral Content in Preterm Infants at Age 4 to 16

Using photon absorptiometry the forearm bone mineral content (BMC) was determined in 75 children aged 4 to 16, who all had a low birth weight. Forty-five of them were born preterm AGA (27 boys, 18 girls, mean weight 1580 g; range 920-2060 g) and 30 preterm SGA (17 boys, 13 girls, mean weight 1510; range 940-2130 g). The results were compared with a control group of children of the same age, and analyses of covariance with age, height and weight as the covariant factors were performed. The BMC, weight and height did not differ between the children born AGA or SGA. Irrespective of AGA or SGA, the BMC was significantly decreased in boys but the difference was less pronounced and less significant when height and weight were used as covariant factors. Boys who had been born preterm had a less BMC than the control boys for their age but the were also somewhat shorter and lighter than expected with regard to their age.     

Growth and development are similar in VLBW children born appropriate and small for gestational age: an interim report on 97 preschool children

AIM: To investigate growth and development in a cohort of children born with very low birth weight (VLBW) treated at a single tertiary neonatal unit. METHODS: We studied 97 children born between January 1995 and July 1997 with BW <1,500 g. At follow-up (mean age 3.7 years) anthropometric data and data on neurological status, motor, speech and language development were collected. Small for gestational age (SGA) was defined as weight and/or length at birth <10th percentile; shortness at follow-up was defined as height <10th percentile. RESULTS: Comparison was made between the appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (n = 46) and SGA (n = 51) groups. At follow-up, 23 AGA and 35 SGA children were short, had a smaller head circumference (-1.9 vs -0.8 SDS), were lighter at birth (BW -1.3 vs -0.7 SDS), and had a higher rate of broncho-pulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (28 vs 12); no differences in neonatal characteristics or neurological status were evident. A higher frequency of motor delay occurred in the 'short' group. Short children also had a smaller head circumference (HC) (-1.6 vs -0.7). Short SGA children had a higher frequency of BPD, smaller HC (-2.1 vs -1.0), and a slightly higher proportion of suspicious neurological findings, motor delay, and speech and language delay (n.s.). CONCLUSIONS: Preterm VLBW infants, whether AGA or SGA at birth, face the risk of being short at preschool age. Height outcome is probably influenced by postnatal factors. Our data also suggest that short stature is associated with developmental difficulties in this population.     

Growth hormone treatment of short children born small for gestational age or with Silver–Russell syndrome: results from KIGS (Kabi International Growth Study), including the first report on final height

The response to growth hormone (GH) therapy was studied in children born small for gestational age (SGA; n = 593) and in those with Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS; n = 127) using data from KIGS (Kabi International Growth Study). For the SGA patients, median birth weight was -2.6 SD scores (SDS), treatment was started at a median age of 9.2 years, at a time when median height was -2.8 SDS while median target height was -1.4 SDS. For the SRS patients, median birth weight was -3.1 SDS, treatment was started at a median age of 7.0 years, at a time when median height was -3.4 SDS with a median target height of -0.1 SDS. GH treatment increased height SDS in both SGA children and patients with SRS; in 16 SGA patients treated to (near) final height with GH (median dose, 0.7 IU/kg/week), height minus target height SDS was -2.0 at the start of treatment and -1.0 at final height. In conclusion, the results obtained in KIGS indicate that GH treatment of short children born SGA is effective in increasing final height above the predicted height and in achieving the target height.     

Changes in circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin in children during the first two years of life

AIM: Adiponectin, leptin and insulin play an important role in the control of growth and glyco-metabolic homeostasis both during pre- and post-natal life. In order to find out markers indicative of post-natal growth, we evaluated circulating levels of these growth factors in full term small for gestational age (SGA) children, during the first 2 years of life, correlating them with the auxological parameters. METHODS: Fourteen SGA (8 males and 6 females) and 16 AGA (appropriate for gestional age) infants (7 males and 9 females) have been included in this study, recording length, weight, body mass index (BMI), adiponectin, leptin and insulin levels at birth. In SGA subjects, these biochemical and clinical parameters have also been evaluated at the first and at the second year of age. RESULTS: AGA and SGA adiponectin and insulin levels at birth did not show statistically significant differences, while leptin concentrations were significantly (P=0.011) lower in SGA children (median 418.49, range 157.68-903.67 pg/mL) in comparison with AGA ones (median 811.71, range 312.50-3085.95 pg/mL). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, at birth adiponectin and insulin levels do not differ between AGA and SGA subjects while leptin concentrations are significantly lower in SGA infants and positively correlated to the birthweight.     

Growth hormone treatment of short children born small for gestational age: metanalysis of four independent, randomized, controlled, multicentre studies

A minority of children born small for gestational age (SGA) fail to achieve sufficient catch-up growth during infancy and remain short throughout childhood, apparently without being growth hormone (GH) deficient. The effect of GH administration was evaluated over 2 years in short prepubertal children born SGA. The children ( n = 244), who were taking part in four independent multicentre studies, had been randomly allocated to groups receiving either no treatment or GH treatment at a daily dose of 0.1, 0.2 or 0.3 IU/kg (0.033, 0.067 or 0.1 mg/kg) s.c. At birth, their mean length SD score (SDS) was -3.6 and their mean weight SDS -2.6; at the start of the study, mean age was 5.2 years, bone age 3.8 years, height SDS -3.3, height SDS adjusted for parental height -2.4, weight SDS -4.7 and body mass index (BMI) SDS -1.4. The untreated children had a low-normal growth velocity and poor weight gain. Although bone maturation progressed more slowly than chronological age, final height prognosis tended to decrease, according to height SDS for bone age. GH treatment induced a dose-dependent effect on growth, up to a near doubling of height velocity and weight gain; BMI SDS was not altered. Bone maturation was also accelerated differentially; however, final height prognosis increased in all GH treatment groups. The more pronounced growth responses were observed in younger children with a lower height and weight SDS. In conclusion, GH administration is a promising therapy for normalizing short stature and low weight after insufficient catch-up growth in children born SGA. Long-term strategies incorporating GH therapy now remain to be established.     

Growth hormone treatment of idiopathic short stature: analysis of the database from KIGS, the Kabi Pharmacia International Growth Study

Within the Kabi Pharmacia International Growth Study (KIGS) database, there is information on 1017 (700 male/317 female) patients with idiopathic short stature (ISS). These patients were started on recombinant human growth hormone (GH) at a median age of 10.8 years, a bone age of -1.8 SDS, a height of -2.6 SDS and a predicted adult height (PAH) (Bailey–Pinneau method) of -2.5 SDS. The median dose of GH was 0.6 IU/kg body weight/week and the frequency of injections was six/week. According to the relationship with target height the patients were classified into'familial short stature (FSS)'(height SDS > target height SDS - 1.28) and into'non-FSS'(height SDS < target height SDS - 1.28). During the first year of GH treatment there was an overall increment in the median height velocity from 4.4 to 7.4 cm/year. Over 3 years of GH treatment, cross-sectional analysis demonstrated an overall increment in median PAH of 1.2 SDS. There was a positive correlation between gain in PAH and the GH dose (n = 202, r = 0.18, p < 0.01) during the first year. Longitudinal analysis in 84 patients showed an overall increment of PAH of 0.7 SDS over 2 years of treatment. When applying the KIGS first-year prediction model for patients with idiopathic GH deficiency on cohorts of prepubertal children with FSS and non-FSS, a lower responsiveness to GH in the non-FSS group was observed. It is concluded that higher than substitutive doses of GH are required for the long-term improvement of growth in ISS.     

TRANSEPIDERMAL WATER LOSS IN NEWBORN INFANTS

ABSTRACT. In 68 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 33 small for gestational age (SGA) infants, transepidermal water loss was studied during the first four weeks after birth. The method used to measure evaporation rate is based on measurement of the water vapour pressure gradient close to the skin surface. All measurements were made at an ambient humidity of 50% and with the infants calm and quiet. At all the investigated post-natal ages in both AGA and SGA infants, an exponential relationship was found between transepidermal water loss (g/m² h) and gestational age, this loss being much higher in the pre-term infants than in those born at term. The transepidermal water loss was generally lower in SGA than in AGA infants during the first week of post-natal life, irrespective of gestational age at birth. There was a gradual decrease in transepidermal water loss with increasing post-natal age in both pre-term AGA and pre-term SGA infants. Three weeks after birth this water loss tended to be higher in pre-term SGA infants than in pre-term AGA infants of corresponding gestational age.     

早产和低出生体重及小于胎龄儿与脑性瘫痪发病的关系

目的 明确早产、低出生体重及小于胎龄儿(SGA)与脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)的关联程度。方法 1997年5—7月对江苏省7个市的1～6岁儿童进行了现况普查,共查305263名,并对其胎龄、出生体重及胎龄别出生体重与脑瘫的关系进行了分析。结果 本组儿童共发现脑瘫484例,发生率为1．59‰。早产儿及过期产儿脑瘫发生率相对危险性(RR)分别为足月儿的25．16倍及2．40倍;低出生体重及巨大儿的脑瘫发生率RR分别为正常出生体重儿的19．63倍及1．34倍;SGA及大于胎龄儿(LGA)脑瘫发生率RR为适于胎龄儿(AGA)的4．34倍及0．84倍。先按胎龄别出生体重分层再按胎龄分组,发现各层内早产儿脑瘫发生率均较足月儿高,RR最高AGA层为28．34倍,其次LGA层为21．41倍,最低SGA层为9．29倍,各层内过期产儿脑瘫发生率也较足月儿高,RR最高AGA层为2．63倍,其次SGA层为1．90倍,最低LGA层为1．55倍;先按胎龄分层再按胎龄别出生体重分组发现各层内SGA脑瘫发生率均较AGA高,RR最高足月儿层为4．41倍,其次过期产儿层为3．19倍,最低早产儿层为1．45倍,各层内LGA脑瘫发生率均不比AGA高,除足月儿层相近为0．98倍外,早产儿及过期产儿层均较AGA低,RR分别为0．74倍和0．58倍。按胎龄大小及胎龄别出生体重大小联合分成9组进行比较,发现多数组脑瘫发生率均较足月AGA组高,RR按次序为早产SGA40．99倍、早产AGA28．34倍、早产LGA21．08倍、过期SGA8．39倍、足月SGA4．41倍、过期AGA2．63倍、过期LGA1．53倍、足月LGA0．98倍;前6组差异均有显著性,后2组倍数接近1．0,差异无显著性。结论 早产及SGA两种因素均与小儿脑瘫发生率增加关联,这两个因素分别为小儿脑瘫独立的危险因素;过期产与脑瘫的关联很弱,LGA则与脑瘫的发生率增加无关。     

Longitudinal follow-up of growth in children born small for gestational age

Postnatal growth was followed in a population-based group of 123 small-for-gestational-age (SGA, birth weight < -2 SD) children (66 boys and 57 girls) to four years of age in order to determine the incidence and time of catch-up growth. Gestational age was determined by ultrasound in gestational weeks 16–17 in all pregnancies, thus eliminating the problem of distinguishing between SGA and preterm infants. Infants with well-defined causes for slow growth rate, i.e. those infants with chromosomal disorders, severe malformations, intrauterine viral infections or cerebral palsy, were excluded. The boys showed an extremely fast weight catch-up, 85% of them reaching weights greater than -2 SD at the age of three months and remaining above this level to the end of the study period. Such a fast catch-up growth was observed in only two-thirds of the girls, but at four years of age 85?4 of the girls were also above -2SD. Length catch-up was more gradual than weight catch-up. Of the boys, 54% had lengths below -2 SD at birth, 26% at 1 year of age, 22% at 2 years of age, 17% at 2.5 years of age and 11% (n= 8) at 4 years of age. Corresponding figures for girls were: 69% at birth, 28%) at 1 year, 15% at 2 years, 12% at 2.5 years and 5%) (n = 3) at 4 years. At 4 years of age, only six boys and three girls remained below -2 SD for both weight and height. We conclude that in Sweden the prognosis for catch-up growth for an SGA child, when children with well-defined causes of growth disturbances are excluded, is very good and it is extremely rare for the child still to have a height below -2 SD by the age of 4 years.     

34 周以下适于胎龄及小于胎龄早产儿出生 2 周内 蛋白质、能量摄入及体质量变化

目的了解34周以下早产适于胎龄儿(AGA)和小于胎龄儿(SGA)生后蛋白质、能量摄入量以及体质量z评分的变化情况。方法回顾收集2012年1月至2014年12月入院的314例早产儿,比较268例AGA和46例SGA早产儿生后2周内蛋白质、能量摄入情况和体质量变化。结果 SGA组住院时间、肠外联合肠内营养时间、全肠内营养时间、达足量喂养时间均较AGA早产儿长,差异有统计学意义(P??0.05);SGA组生后第4、8、12天能量摄入量明显低于AGA组,SGA组生后第6、8天总蛋白质摄入量明显低于AGA组,差异均有统计学意义(P??0.05);SGA组日平均体质量增长量大于AGA组,差异有统计学意义(P??0.05);AGA组与SGA组生后2周内体质量z评分均逐渐远离中位水平,且SGA组2周时体质量z评分低于AGA组(P??0.05)。结论胎龄??34周的SGA早产儿恢复出生体质量后的生长速率快于AGA早产儿,存在一定的追赶生长;但SGA、AGA早产儿的生长均有待提高。     

84例早产适于胎龄儿第一年体格追赶生长纵向评估

目的：分析早产适于胎龄儿1岁以内的追赶生长特点,探讨其追赶生长规律。方法：选择84名胎龄28～36周的早产适于胎龄儿（男44例,女40例）作为研究对象,对其0～12月内的体重、身长及头围分别按实际月龄足月儿生长标准和纠正月龄标准进行Z评分评估并分析。结果：早产适于胎龄儿1岁内体重、身长和头围均出现追赶性生长,且增长最快的阶段均在实际月龄0～3月,体重追赶速度优于身长追赶速度。结论：生后前3个月是早产适于胎龄儿的快速生长期;体重与身长的变化存在不平衡性。