两种椎间融合方法治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效比较

目的 比较椎弓根螺钉系统固定加椎间单纯植骨融合和椎弓根螺钉系统固定加椎间融合器融合在治疗腰椎滑脱症中的临床疗效.方法 选择2003-01~2008-12收治且获得随访的行单纯椎间融合手术的144例腰椎滑脱患者,均采用后路椎弓根螺钉系统固定.根据椎间融合方法不同,分为A组(椎间植骨融合,n=54)和B组(cage椎间融合,n=90).比较两组患者的基本情况、临床效果和影像学结果.结果 A组融合率为92.5%,B组融合率为97.8%;A组优良率90.7%,B组优良率为94.4%,两组植骨融合率及优良率比较无统计学差异.A组和B组术后1周椎间隙高度与随访末椎间隙高度差值分别为(2.25±0.46)mm和(0.49±0.27)mm.两组椎间高度丢失率比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 在椎弓根螺钉系统固定的基础上,采用椎间融合器治疗退变性腰椎不稳症在临床疗效、植骨融合率方面与单纯椎间植骨疗效及融合率相近,但椎间隙高度恢复方面要优于单纯椎间植骨.     

改良后路椎间融合术治疗腰椎不稳

目的:探讨改良后路椎间融合术(PLIF)治疗腰椎不稳的指证、方法和疗效。方法:采用改良后路椎间融合术手术治疗各种原因引起的腰椎不稳共41例,随访时间12个月～36个月。结果:36例下腰痛及下肢痛症状完全缓解,3例明显好转,2例术后神经根出现疼痛加重。影像学结果显示28例滑脱病例中24例完全复位,4例仍存在Ⅰ度滑脱。所有病例椎间高度恢复正常,无植入物(髂骨块、椎间融合器)移位或下沉情况,1例出现椎弓根螺钉断裂。41例病人中有40例获得骨性融合,1例有假关节形成。结论:PLIF是治疗腰椎不稳所致慢性腰腿痛的确切有效的方法,不仅可以恢复椎间隙高度,而且有较高的骨性融合率(97.5%)。     

椎弓根钉系统联合椎间植骨或融合器治疗退变性腰椎不稳症42例

目的:探讨椎弓根钉系统联合椎间融合器或椎间单纯植骨治疗退变性腰椎不稳症的临床疗效.方法:对42例退变性腰椎不稳症患者采用后路椎弓根钉系统固定加椎间融合器或椎间单纯植骨治疗.结果:全部获得随访,时间6～66个月;术后4～6个月可见植骨灶骨性融合征象,无螺钉断裂,患者腰痛、下肢痛均明显缓解.优31例,良9例,可2例,优良率为95.2%.结论:椎弓根钉系统加椎间融合是治疗退行性腰椎不稳症的有效方法.     

后路椎弓根螺钉内固定合并椎间融合术治疗腰椎不稳症的临床观察

目的观察后路椎弓根螺钉内固定合并椎间融合术治疗腰椎不稳症的临床疗效。方法对78例腰椎不稳症患者行腰椎管减压、后路椎弓根螺钉内固定合并椎间融合器植入融合术。结果术后随访6～24个月,78例患者优58例,良15例,可4例,差1例,优良率93.6%。植骨融合率93.6%。均未出现神经根损伤、感染、脑脊液漏及椎间隙感染等并发症。结论 椎弓根螺钉内固定合并椎间融合器植入手术是目前比较适合于腰椎不稳症的治疗手段。     

PEEK椎间融合器附加椎弓根钉内固定行椎间融合的临床应用研究

目的评价应用PEEK(polyetheretherketone)椎间融合器附加椎弓根钉内固定行椎间融合治疗腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效。方法总结了44例随访1～5年的腰椎退行性疾病手术患者,其中男性18例,女性26例,年龄33～72岁,平均49.2岁,腰椎间盘突出症36例,腰椎滑脱8例,其中合并腰椎管狭窄17例,行单节段融合35例,双节段融合9例。对其术前和随访时的日本骨科学会(JOA)评分进行比较。并通过术前、术后及随访时X线片对比,对椎间高度变化、融合率和相邻节段的退变进行了评估。结果术前JOA评分平均为(15.4±7.2)分,术后随访1、3、5年时分别为(23.3±3.8)、(23.5±3.7)和(24.0±4.6)分,应用方差分析进行统计学处理,显示术前和术后随访时差异有统计学意义,术前融合节段椎间隙平均高度为(7.6±2.8)mm,术后为(10.3±2.6)mm,术后随访1、3、5年时分别为(10.3±2.6)mm、(10.1±2.2)mm和(8.9±2.2)mm,术前和术后差异有统计学意义,随访时有轻度高度丢失,但与术后差异无统计学意义。随访时融合率为95.5%,发现融合邻近节段病变3例,均为椎间隙变窄。无手术合并症发生。结论应用PEEK椎间融合器附加椎弓根钉内固定行椎间融合治疗腰椎退行性疾病可有效恢复椎间高度,提高融合率,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

椎弓根螺钉联合椎间植骨融合器治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床效果探析

目的探析腰椎滑脱症患者采用椎弓根螺钉联合椎间植骨融合器进行治疗的临床效果。方法选择该院收治的44例峡部不连性腰椎滑脱症患者展开分析,分为观察组和对照组。对照组采用椎弓根螺钉进行治疗,观察组联合椎弓根螺钉以及椎间植骨融合器治疗。比较两组患者固定椎间隙高度与近心端第二椎间隙高度比值以及治疗有效率。结果观察组椎间隙高度的改善程度大于对照组,治疗有效率为100%,高于对照组的77.27%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论椎弓根螺钉联合椎间植骨融合器治疗方法的融合率较高,操作方便,具有较好的减压效果,有效缓解了患者椎体的受压情况,椎间融合率高、复位效果满意,强化患者腰椎滑脱症的手术效果,具有较大临床价值和应用前景。     

单侧腰椎椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎间融合治疗腰椎退变性疾病

目的 探讨单边固定椎体间融合治疗腰椎退变性疾病的临床疗效.方法 2009年1月至2012年1月对17例L4~5椎间盘突出伴腰椎不稳患者行单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定根管减压椎间Cage融合术（A组）,17例L4~5椎间盘突出伴腰椎不稳者行双侧椎弓根螺钉固定椎板切除减压椎间Cage融合术（B组）.观察两组的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间,术前、术后拍摄X线测量腰椎间隙高度的变化,融合节段融合率的变化,按日本外科矫形学会（JOA）的下腰痛评分标准评价临床疗效.结果 术后所有患者下腰部疼痛、下肢根性疼痛症状得到缓解,手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间两组相比有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;术后18个月随访时两组椎间隙高度、植骨融合率比较无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后1个月两组JOA评分比较无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,术后18个月两组JOA评分比较有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 相对于双侧椎弓根螺钉固定椎板减压椎间Cage融合术,采用单侧椎弓根螺钉固定根管减压椎间Cage融合术治疗L4~5椎间盘突出伴腰椎不稳疗效明显、费用降低、创伤小、愈合快,是治疗L4~5椎间盘突出伴腰椎不稳的可靠方法.     

自体棘突椎板椎间植骨融合内固定治疗下腰椎节段性不稳症

目的 探讨腰椎后路自体棘突椎板椎间植骨融合加椎弓根钉棒内固定治疗下腰椎节段性不稳症的临床效果.方法 采用术中切下的棘突椎板修成骨块或骨粒,植入椎间隙,加椎弓根钉棒内固定治疗节段性腰椎不稳症20例.结果 20例均获得随访,随访时间6～12个月,平均8.5个月,椎间植骨3～12个月获骨性融合,椎间高度维持良好,按JOA评分标准:优14例,良5例,中1例,差0例,优良率95%.结论 棘突椎板作为椎间融合材料行椎间植入加椎弓根钉棒内固定治疗下腰椎节段性不稳症是通过较小的窗口进入椎间隙,对神经根的干扰较小,可以获得骨性融合且费用较低,适合在基层医院使用.     

半椎板切除椎间植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎不稳疗效对比

目的分析半椎板切除椎间植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎不稳临床疗效。方法应用半椎板切除、间盘摘除、后路椎间植骨融合、椎弓根钉内固定术治疗退行性腰椎不稳患者8例,按JOA评分标准进行评定,影像学观察术后椎间隙高度恢复情况,同全椎板切除组术后疗效进行比较。结果术后8例均获随访,时间6个月-3年,平均21个月,优6例(75%),良2例(25%),优良率100%;全椎板切除术后9例获随访,优3例(33.3%),良2例(22.2%),可2例(22.2%),差2例(22.2%),优良率55.6%;采用Wilconxon秩和检验,P<0.05,有显著性差异。结论半椎板切除、后路椎间植骨融合椎弓根钉内固定术治疗退变性腰椎不稳,临床疗效满意。     

腰椎短节段固定与椎间融合治疗腰椎不稳

目的：探讨使用腰椎椎间螺纹融合器联合腰椎短节段固定，行后路下腰椎椎体间融合术治疗腰椎不稳的方法。方法：对28例腰椎不稳症患者使用Sofamor Danek公司直径为12、14、16mm的柱形椎间螺纹融合器行腰椎椎间融合，其中27例联合应用短节段椎弓根螺钉系统固定。根据不同病情分别给予滑移矫正或(和)椎间隙撑开。结果：28例29个间隙应用腰椎椎间螺纹融合器行下腰椎椎间融合。手术中为安全置入椎间融合器需要切除部分或全部椎间小关节，切除的范围在30％左右。术后X线透视可见椎间隙形态恢复正常。28例患者得到随访，26例满意或基本满意。结论：应用腰椎椎间螺纹融合器行下腰椎椎间融合时，需要部分或全部切除椎间小关节，以得到足够空间置入适当直径的腰椎椎间螺纹融合器。同时采用短节段椎弓根螺钉系统固定，可重建病变椎间隙，矫正脊柱结构并恢复脊柱强度。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.