金属硫蛋白对缺血/再灌注未成熟心肌细胞功能的影响

目的探讨诱导金属硫蛋白(MT)在未成熟心肌中的表达对缺血/再灌注未成熟心肌细胞功能的影响.方法采用Langendorff离体灌注模型,大白兔分为4组:对照组(C,n=9),腹腔注射蒸馏水0.3ml,按注射后时间12、24、和48 h取离体心脏,灌注KH液15 min转为工作心15 min,全心停灌45min,恢复灌注15 min改为工作心30 min;E12h组(n=6)、E24h组(n=6)、E48h组(n=6)各组分别按腹腔注射3.6%ZnSO4(1.5 ml/kg)后12、24和48 h取离体心脏,常规建立Langendorff灌注模型.方法同C组.以心肌细胞中MT含量、CK和LDH漏出率、ATP含量、心肌细胞内Ca2 含量、心肌线粒体Ca2 -ATPase活性及其Ca2 含量、心肌线粒体合成ATP能力[ATP]m作为观察指标.结果腹腔注射ZnSO4后12 h MT开始表达,24h达高峰,48 h仍在高表达水平.MT含量在E24h、E48h组与C、E12h组比较明显增高;E24h、E485h组ATP含量优于C组和E12h组(P＜0.05),CK、LDH漏出率均低于C组和E12h组(P＜0.05),心肌线粒体Ca2 -ATPase活性、[ATP]m均优于C组和E12h组(P＜0.01),心肌细胞内Ca2 含量、心肌线粒体Ca2 含量低于C组和E12h组(P＜0.01).结论腹腔注射ZnSO4可诱导心肌MT长时间表达,MT可减轻未成熟心肌细胞缺血/再灌注损伤.     

热休克蛋白70对离体心脏心肌间质的保护作用

目的探讨热休克蛋白70（HSP70）对大鼠离体心脏心肌间质的影响。方法Wistar大鼠16只，分为2组：对照组（C，n=8），腹腔注射生理盐水0．4ml，24h后取离体心脏灌注HTK心脏保护液，4℃保存3h后建立Langendorff灌注模型，灌注KH液2h；实验组（E，n=8），腹腔注射重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素，24h后取离体心脏，方法同对照组。以心肌细胞中HSP70含量、血流动力学指标、心肌组织羟脯氨酸（HP）、内皮索（ET）含量和心肌超微结构等作为观察指标。结果HSP70含量E组与C组比较明显增高；E组心功能恢复方面优于C组（P〈0．05），HP含量优于C组（P〈0．01），ET含量低于C组（P〈0．01），心肌超微结构损伤较C组明显减轻。结论HSP 70对供心心肌间质具有保护作用。     

去甲肾上腺素预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的延迟性保护作用

目的观察去甲肾上腺素预处理后热休克蛋白(HSP70)在心肌细胞的表达以研究去甲肾上腺素预处理对大鼠离体缺血再灌注损伤心肌的延迟性保护作用.方法24只Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组(n=8)及实验组(E112h及E24h组),实验组按腹腔注射去甲肾上腺素到建立Langendorff灌注模型的时间分为E12h及E24h组,每组各8只.分别检测LDH及CK的漏出量、心肌ATP含量及心功能指标(LVSP及±dp/dt max),用Westem Blot法测量心肌组织中HSP70的含量.结果E12h组HSP70表达较对照组增高,E24hHSP70表达最高.E24h组LDH与CK含量较其它两组低,而ATP较其它两组高(P＜0.01),心功能改善.E12h与对照组相应各指标(LDH、CK、ATP、LVSP及±dp/dt max)间差异无显著性.结论去甲肾上腺素预处理24h后HSP70高表达对大鼠离体缺血再灌注心肌有延迟性保护作用.     

金属硫蛋白对离体心脏NO、NOS表达的影响

目的探讨金属硫蛋白(MT)对离体心脏一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的影响。方法Wistar大鼠16只 ,分为2组 :对照组(C,n=8) ,腹腔注射蒸馏水0.5ml24h后取离体心脏灌注HTK心脏保护液 ,4℃保存3h后建立Langendorff灌注模型 ,灌注KH液2h ;实验组 (E ,n=8)腹腔注射3.6%Zn SO4(1.5ml/kg)24h后取离体心脏 ,处理方法同C组。以心肌MT含量、NO、NOS的含量、心肌生化指标作为观察指标。结果MT含量E组明显较C组增高 (P<0.01) ,NO、NOS的含量E组较C组明显增多(P<0.01) ,生化指标E组明显优于C组。结论心肌MT表达影响NO、NOS的表达 ,可能是MT发挥心肌保护作用的因素之一。     

不同部位缺血预处理对未成熟心肌保护作用的研究

目的探讨不同部位缺血预处理对未成熟心肌保护作用。方法采用经典心脏缺血预处理、肾缺血预处理及双下肢缺血预处理动物Langendorff灌注模型比较三种方法对缺血 /再灌(I/R)未成熟心肌损伤的效应。分为5组 :正常对照组(NC,n=6) ,离体心脏仅灌注KH液70min;缺血 /再灌 (I/R ,n=6) ,离体心脏灌注15min转为工作心15min后停灌45min,恢复灌注15min改为工作心30min;心脏缺血预处理组 (IPC,n=6),离体心脏灌注15min转为工作心15min后反复2次缺血5min/再灌5min,然后重复I/R组方法 ;肾缺血预处理组(K -IPC ,n=6) ,反复3次阻断左肾动脉5min,放开5min,然后重复I/R组方法。双下肢缺血预处理组 (DL-IPC ,n=6) ,反复3次捆扎双下肢5min,松开5min,然后重复I/R组方法。以左心室功能恢复、心肌含水量、血清肌酸激酶 (CK)和乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)漏出率 ,心肌组织ATP和丙二醛 (MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及电镜作为观察指标。结果IPC、DL-IPC及K-IPC组在左心室功能恢复优于I/R组 (P<0.05) ,在ATP含量、SOD活性及心肌超微结构方面均优于I/R组(P<0.01) ,心肌含水量低于I/R组 (P<0.05) ,在MDA含量、CK、LDH漏出率方面均低于I/R组 (P<0.01)。结论不同部位的非心脏缺血预处理 ,与心脏缺血预处理可诱发同等的心肌保护作用     

Urocortin-I预处理对离体大鼠心肌线粒体呼吸功能及呼吸酶活性的影响

目的:探讨urocortin-I预处理对离体大鼠缺血再灌注心肌线粒体呼吸功能及酶活性的影响,观察心肌细胞ATP含量的变化。方法:(1)健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:正常组(Nor组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)、urocortin-I预处理组(Ucn I组)、5-羟葵酸(5-HD)拮抗urocortin-I组(5-HD+Ucn I组)。采用Langendorff装置建立大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注模型。分别于平衡末(T_1)、缺血前(T_2)及再灌注末(T_3)分离、提取心肌线粒体,测定各组线粒体呼吸功能及呼吸酶活性。(2)利用MPA离体心脏灌注装置分离成年大鼠心肌细胞,将分离培养24 h后同批次的心肌细胞随机分为正常组(Nor组)、缺氧复氧组(I/R组)、urocortin-I预处理组(Ucn I组)、5-HD拮抗urocortin-I组(5-HD+Ucn I组)。建立缺氧复氧模型,于复氧末用高效液相色谱法检测各组心肌细胞ATP含量。结果:T_3时点除Nor组外,其余各组与T_1、T_2时点相比呼吸功能(3态呼吸速率、呼吸控制率)及琥珀酸氧化酶、NADH氧化酶、细胞色素C氧化酶活性均明显下降(P0.05);T_3时Ucn I组心肌线粒体的呼吸功能及呼吸酶活性明显优于5-HD+Ucn I组及IR组(P0.05),但次于Nor组(P0.05);T_3时5-HD+Ucn I组心肌线粒体的呼吸功能及呼吸酶活性(琥珀酸氧化酶、NADH氧化酶)较IR组好(P0.05),但2组间细胞色素C氧化酶活性差异无统计学显著性;T_1、T_2时点各组组内及组间呼吸功能及3种呼吸酶活性的差异无统计学显著性。心肌细胞实验结果显示,复氧末Nor组ATP含量较其余各组均高(P0.01);I/R组和5-HD+Ucn I组心肌细胞的ATP含量较Ucn I组低(P0.05);此外,5-HD+Ucn I组心肌细胞的ATP含量较I/R组高(P0.05)。结论:Ucn I预处理可减轻缺血再灌注对心肌线粒体呼吸功能及呼吸酶活性的干预,保证了缺氧/复氧后心肌ATP的含量。     

银杏达莫注射液抑制大鼠离体心脏缺血/再灌注损伤的机制研究

 目的：观察银杏达莫注射液预处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血/再灌注损伤的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：SD雄性大鼠40只随机分成5组（n=8）：正常对照（NC）组、缺血/再灌注（I/R）组、缺血预处理（IPC+I/R）组、银杏达莫注射液预处理（GD+I/R）组和银杏达莫+氯化镧预处理（GD+LaCl3+I/R）组。观察各组相同时点（预灌30 min稳定点,缺血30 min,再灌5 min、30 min、60 min）的心功能指标,包括心率(HR)、左室收缩压(LVSP)和室内压变化速率（±dp/dtmax）,同时收集各时点冠脉流出液,检测其中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和肌酸激酶（CK）活性。实验结束后检测心肌线粒体Ca2+浓度和α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶（α-OGDH）含量。结果：与I/R组比较,IPC+I/R组和GD+I/R组在心脏再灌注期各项心功能指标均得到改善（P<0.05）;心肌LDH和CK的释放量降低（P<0.01）;线粒体内Ca2+超载降低（P<0.01）,且线粒体内α-OGDH含量升高（P<0.05）;而GD+I/R组中银杏达莫对心肌的保护作用被LaCl3抑制（P<0.05）。结论：银杏达莫可能通过抑制钙超载、增强线粒体酶活性以稳定线粒体能量代谢,从而缓解缺血/再灌注诱导的心肌细胞损伤。     

亚甲蓝减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血/再灌注引起的线粒体损伤

目的:探讨亚甲蓝(methylene blue,MB)对大鼠离体心脏缺血/再灌注(ischemia/reperfusion,I/R)线粒体损伤的作用。方法:将Spragure-Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组(control组)、I/R模型组和MB治疗组(I/R+MB组),建立Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型(n=6)。手术前2 h,MB组大鼠按2 mg/kg腹腔注射MB。对照组持续灌注K-H液110 min,I/R组与I/R+MB组平衡灌注20 min后停灌30 min,再灌注60 min。实时记录心率(HR)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左室最大压力变化速率(±dp/dt_(max))和左室舒张末压(LVEDP)。测定冠脉流出液中肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性。测定心肌组织中活性氧簇(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。苏木精-伊红染色观察组织病理学变化。分离心肌组织线粒体,测定线粒体肿胀程度和线粒体膜电位(MMP)。结果:与对照组相比,I/R组的心功能恶化,冠脉流出液中的CK-MB和LDH活性升高,心肌组织中的ROS和MDA增加,SOD活性降低,ATP减少,线粒体肿胀程度升高,MMP下降(P0.05);与I/R组相比,I/R+MB组的心功能改善,CK-MB和LDH的释放减少,组织中的ROS和MDA减少,SOD活性和ATP含量升高,线粒体肿胀程度降低,MMP升高(P0.05)。结论:MB通过减轻线粒体损伤对大鼠离体I/R心脏发挥保护作用。     

复方丹参滴丸对离体大鼠缺氧/复氧心肌的保护作用

目的和方法:采用Langendorff大鼠离体心脏灌流技术,制备心肌缺氧/复氧损伤模型,分别在缺氧前及缺氧后,用复方丹参滴丸及消心痛对心肌给予保护,利用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)测定离体大鼠心肌组织中的高能磷酸化合物的含量变化,利用H-600透射电子显微镜对心肌细胞超微结构进行观察。本实验共分6组:正常对照组;单纯缺氧/复氧组;复方丹参滴丸前、后保护组;消心痛前、后保护组。结果:①单纯缺氧/复氧组心肌组织中AMP、ADP、ATP及AN含量均明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01)。②复方丹参滴丸前、后保护组大鼠心肌组织内的AMP、ADP、ATP、AN含量均高于单纯缺氧/复氧组(P<0.01),也相应高于消心痛前、后保护组(P<0.01),两组的ATP、AN含量均接近正常水平(P>0.05)。③消心痛前、后保护组的AMP、ADP、ATP、AN含量均低于正常对照组(P<0.01)。电镜结果也证明复方丹参滴丸对缺氧/复氧心肌细胞超微结构具有明显的保护作用。结论:复方丹参滴丸无论在缺氧前预灌注时及缺氧后再灌注时给予,均能通过提高心肌组织中高能磷酸化合物的含量,保护心肌细胞超微结构来保护心肌,其保护效果优于消心痛。     

Zn~(2+)预处理对离体大鼠缺血再灌注损伤心肌的保护作用

目的 :观察Zn2 + 预处理诱导金属硫蛋白 (MT)在心肌细胞的表达及对离体大鼠缺血再灌注损伤心肌的保护作用。方法 :3 2只Sprague Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组及实验组 ,实验组按腹腔注射ZnSO4 到建立再灌注模型的时间分为E1 2h,E2 4h及E4 8h组 ,每组各 8只。检测LDH ,CK、ATP含量及心功能指标 (LVSP与±dp/dtmax) ,用1 0 9Cd/血红素饱和法测量心肌组织中金属硫蛋白的含量。结果 :E2 4h及E4 8h组MT表达量较对照组高 (P <0 .0 1) ,E1 2h组虽有表达 ,但其与对照组间差异无显著性。E2 4h及E4 8h组LDH与CK较其它二组低 ,而ATP较其它二组高 ,心功能指标较其它二组改善。E1 2h组及对照组之间相应各指标 (LDH ,CK、ATP、LVSP与±dp/dtmax)间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :Zn2 + 预处理可诱导MT在心肌细胞的表达而对离体大鼠缺血再灌注损伤心肌具有保护作用。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.