Ets-1、VEGF在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨Ets-1和VEGF在乳腺浸润性导管癌( invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC)组织中的表达规律,分析其与临床病理特征的关系.方法:选择临床确诊的40例乳腺浸润性导管癌患者手术切除癌组织和癌旁组织标本,通过免疫组织化学和RT-PCR方法检测Ets-1和VEGF蛋白和mRNA的表达.结果:(1)Ets-1和VEGF蛋白在乳腺IDC组织中高表达,明显高于癌旁乳腺组织(P＜0.01);癌组织中Ets-1蛋白表达高于VEGF,且两者呈正相关(r为0.8827,P＜0.05);Ets-1和VEGF蛋白表达与年龄、肿瘤大小无关,与临床分期、淋巴结转移密切相关(P<0.05).(2)Ets-1 mRNA、VEGF mRNA在乳腺IDC组织的表达明显高于癌旁乳腺组织(P＜0.01);Ets-1mRNA水平明显高于VEGF mRNA (P＜0.01),且两者正相关(r＝0.984,P＜0.01);Ets-1 mRNA、VEGF mRNA表达与年龄、肿瘤大小无关,与临床分期、淋巴结转移密切相关(P<0.05).结论:乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Ets-1和VEGF在mRNA和蛋白水平均高表达,两者表达间均呈正相关;两者表达均与肿瘤临床分期和淋巴结转移相关.     

p27和Ki-67在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨p27和Ki)67在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测60例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织p27和Ki*67的表达,分析其与临床病理特征的关系。结果p27低表达率为45.0%,p27低表达与乳腺肿瘤大小、神经脉管浸润、淋巴结转移、组织学分级有关(P<0.05);Ki+67高表达率60%,Ki,67高表达与肿瘤神经脉管浸润、淋巴结转移、组织学分级有关(P<0.05);p27低表达与Ki-67高表达有关(P<0.05)。结论p27低表达、Ki.67高表达是乳腺浸润性导管癌高度恶性和预后不良的生物学指标,乳腺癌p27和Ki/67的表达可能具有相互调控作用。     

ASAP3在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究乳腺浸润性导管癌中ASAP3的表达,分析其与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理学特征的关系。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测139例乳腺浸润性导管癌及配对50例癌旁乳腺组织中ASAP3的表达情况,并分析ASAP3表达与乳腺癌患者临床病理因素及弹性评分的相关性。结果:ASAP3在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的阳性表达率为59.0%（82/139）,在配对的癌旁组织中的阳性表达率为4.0%（2/50）,ASAP3在乳腺癌中的表达明显高于癌旁乳腺组织(P<0.01)。ASAP3表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌的淋巴结转移、原发灶组织学分级及TNM分期相关（P<0.05）,与肿瘤大小、患者年龄、月经状态无明显相关性（P>0.05）。ASAP3与乳腺癌原发灶弹性评分相关（P<0.05）。结论:ASAP3是乳腺浸润性导管癌发生及进展的重要分子,且与肿瘤硬度有相关性。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌血管内皮生长因子和环氧化酶-2的表达及意义

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和环氧化酶-2(COX-2)在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法:应用免疫组化法检测了100例乳腺浸润性导管癌和40例良性乳腺肿瘤组织中COX-2、VEGF的表达情况,并分析它们与生物学行为、预后的关系。结果:乳腺癌组COX-2和VEGF阳性率分别达54%和66%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0·01);COX-2表达与VEGF显著相关(P<0·05)。两者均与乳腺癌预后有关。结论:COX-2、VEGF在乳腺癌组织中的表达较高,是影响乳腺癌患者预后的主要因素之一。因此,联合检测COX-2和VEGF对乳腺癌患者判断预后、指导用药具有重要意义。     

MDR1和Anxa2在乳腺癌组织中的表达与侵袭转移的关系研究

探讨乳腺癌组织中多药耐药基因（MDR1）和膜联蛋白（Anxa2）表达的相关性及其与乳腺癌转移的关系。方法：应用荧光定量PCR的方法检测20例配对的乳腺导管内癌、100例乳腺浸润性导管癌、70例癌旁正常组织中MDR1和Anxa2 mRNA的相对表达情况。结果：MDR1 mRNA在乳腺导管内癌中的表达水平明显高于癌旁正常组织（P=0.005）,乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中mRNA的表达明显高于癌旁正常组织（P=0.017）和导管内癌（P=0.019 6）。Anxa2 mRNA在乳腺导管内癌中表达与癌旁正常组织相比无显著性差异（P=0.188 9）,但是在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达明显高于导管内癌（P=0.000 8）和癌旁正常组织（P<0.000 1）;MDR1和Anxa2 mRNA的表达升高均与患者出现淋巴结转移有关（P<0.01）;2种基因在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达呈正相关（P<0.000 1）。结论：在肿瘤进展过程中,MDR1和Anxa2 mRNA表达上调与乳腺癌的淋巴结转移有关,二者之间表达具有正相关提示肿瘤细胞的多药耐药的获得和肿瘤侵袭转移之间有着密切联系。     

COX-2在乳腺癌组织的表达及其与临床病理参数的相关性

目的:评价乳腺浸润性导管癌组织COX-2蛋白的表达情况及其与相关临床或病理参数间的相关性.方法:取101例资料完整的乳腺浸润性导管癌手术切除标本为研究对象,免疫组化方法检测COX-2、EGFR、cerbB-2等相关蛋白表达,采用χ2检验评估COX-2表达与不同的临床或病理参数间的关系.结果:肿瘤细胞中COX-2蛋白免疫组化阴性者15例(14.9%);阳性者86例(85.1%),COX-2高表达与乳腺癌脉管侵犯、淋巴结侵犯、分期、PR表达、cerbB-2表达及p53表达具有相关性.结论:乳腺浸润性导管癌中COX-2表达水平与肿瘤转移及分期均密切相关.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中环氧合酶-2的表达与细胞增生和血管生成的关系

目的 探讨环氧合酶-2(COX-2)蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其与细胞增生和微血管密度(MVD)的关系.方法 应用免疫组织化学法检测52例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2和Ki-67蛋白的表达情况,用CD34抗体标记乳腺癌血管内皮细胞,计算MVD.结果 乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2蛋白的阳性表达率为57.7%,COX-2阳性组Ki-67指数为(56.07±17.37)%,COX-2阴性组Ki-67指数为(27.32±16.28)%,COX-2阳性组MVD为32.46±12.59,COX-2阴性组MVD为25.04±10.48,COX-2阳性组Ki-67、MVD显著高于COX-2阴性组(P＜0.05).结论 乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2蛋白高表达,COX-2可促进肿瘤细胞增生和肿瘤肿瘤血管生成,从而成为促进乳腺癌浸润、转移的途径之一.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌中COX-2、MMP-9的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨COX-2和MMP-9蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其相关性.方法:应用免疫组织化学法检测52例乳腺癌组织COX-2和MMP-9蛋白的表达.结果:乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2阳性表达率为76.9%(40/52),MMP-9阳性表达率为82.7%(43/52),COX-2阳性表达与患者的年龄、肿瘤大小、雌孕激素受体无明显相关性(P＞0.05),而与淋巴结转移、TNM分期、组织学分级有关(P＜0.05);MMP-9阳性表达与患者的年龄、雌孕激素受体无明显相关性(P＞0.05),而与肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、组织学分级有关(P＜0.05);乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2、MMP-9蛋白的表达之间存在显著正相关(r=0.448,P＜0.01).结论:乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2、MMP-9蛋白高表达,且两者具相关性.COX-2蛋白可通过诱导MMP-9蛋白的表达上调,增加乳腺癌细胞的侵袭力,促进乳腺癌浸润、转移.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中P33/ING1和HIF-1α的表达及分析

目的探讨P33/ING1和HIF-1α在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测68例乳腺浸润性导管癌及20例乳腺良性病变(乳腺纤维腺瘤)组织中P33/ING1和HIF-1α的表达,并结合临床病理特点进行分析。结果P33/ING1在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的阳性表达率为60.29%,明显低于乳腺良性病变中的表达率95% (P<0.01);P33/ING1阳性表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌肿瘤大小、腋窝淋巴结转移、组织学分级呈负相关(P均<0.05)。HIF-1α在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的阳性表达率为52.94%,明显高于乳腺良性病变中的表达率10%(P<0.01);HIF-1α的阳性表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌腋窝淋巴结转移、组织学分级呈正相关(P均<0.05)。乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中P33/ING1与HIF-1α的表达呈显著负相关(r=-0.283,P<0.05)。结论乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中P33/ING1表达下调而HIF-1α表达明显增强,两者与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征密切相关,对两者进行联合检测,有可能反映乳腺浸润性导管癌生物学行为的指标。     

前列腺癌细胞和组织中Axl及其配体蛋白的表达与临床意义

目的: 探讨Ets1和VEGF在乳腺浸润性导管癌( invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC)组织中的表达规律,分析其与临床病理特征的关系。方法:　选择临床确诊的40例乳腺浸润性导管癌患者手术切除癌组织和癌旁组织标本,通过免疫组织化学和RTPCR方法检测Ets1和VEGF蛋白和mRNA的表达。结果:（1）Ets1和VEGF蛋白在乳腺IDC组织中高表达,明显高于癌旁乳腺组织（P＜0.01）;癌组织中Ets1蛋白表达高于VEGF,且两者呈正相关（r为0.8827,P＜005); Ets1和VEGF蛋白表达与年龄、肿瘤大小无关,与临床分期、淋巴结转移密切相关（P<0.05）。（2）Ets1 mRNA、VEGF mRNA在乳腺IDC组织的表达明显高于癌旁乳腺组织(P＜0.01);Ets1mRNA水平明显高于VEGF mRNA (P＜0.01),且两者正相关（r＝0.984,P＜001）; Ets1 mRNA、VEGF mRNA表达与年龄、肿瘤大小无关,与临床分期、淋巴结转移密切相关（P<0.05）。结论:乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Ets1和VEGF在mRNA和蛋白水平均高表达,两者表达间均呈正相关;两者表达均与肿瘤临床分期和淋巴结转移相关。     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.