用荧光原位杂交技术产前诊断唐氏综合征

目的 用荧光原位杂交技术（Fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)快速产前诊断唐氏综合征。方法 采集23名孕妇14～24周的羊水标本，应用荧光标记的针对21号染色体特殊位点的探针（locus-sperifie probe,LSI）及X/Y染色体着丝粒探针（centromeric probe,CEP）对未培养的羊水间期细胞进行FISH；同步进行羊水细胞培养，行常规细胞遗传学染色体核型分析，以核型分析为标准，对FISH技术进行评价。结果 23份标本发生母血污染2例，培养失败1例，将其余20份羊水标本的FISH杂交结果与其染色体核型分析结果进行了比较。FISH分析羊水间期细胞性染色体数目正常者19例（XX11例，XY8例）与羊水中期细胞染色体核型分析结果一致，有1例羊水间期细胞FISH结果为X/XY，染色体核型分析结果为46，XY，因此，FISH与染色体核型分析结果的符合率为95%（19/20）；LSI21探针的FISH结果中21号染色体数目异常者1例，核型分析为典型的21三体，取脐血行G显带染色体核型分析得以验证为47，XY， 21。产前诊断染色体正常者追踪至分娩，新生儿行外周血染色体检查结果皆为正常核型。结论 荧光原位杂交技术可用于羊水间期细胞快速产前诊断唐氏综合征。     

荧光原位杂交技术产前诊断唐氏综合征

目的应用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术,简便、快速、准确产前诊断唐氏综合征.方法采用染色体特殊位点的特异性探针(LSI21)对30例羊水细胞和6例绒毛细胞标本进行未培养间期细胞荧光原位杂交.结果检测出21三体儿1例, 21三体和二倍体的嵌合体1例.检测结果与染色体核型分析及随访相符.结论 FISH技术应用于未培养间期细胞产前诊断唐氏综合征,可使诊断时间提早到孕50～70d,并且具有简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高、特异性强的独特优势.     

荧光原位杂交技术在未培养羊水细胞产前诊断中的临床应用

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术在产前诊断中的优缺点及临床应用价值。方法用FISH技术检测163例孕17-33周孕妇的未培养羊水细胞,每例均行常规染色体核型分析。结果应用FISH法,所有样本均在24h内获得检测结果,除4例羊水培养失败外,其余样本均在3周内获得细胞遗传学诊断。两种方法均检测出3例非整倍体,FISH结果与核型分析结果一致。9例染色体结构异常,FISH法未能检出。结论 FISH技术应用于产前诊断染色体非整倍体,成功率高,准确可靠,较常规核型分析方法有效缩短报告时间。FISH不能完全替代常规染色体核型分析,疑有染色体结构异常者,必须行羊水细胞染色体核型分析。母血清唐氏征筛查异常孕妇产前诊断倾向选择FISH检测。     

应用荧光原位杂交产前诊断未培养羊水细胞非整倍体

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescenceinsituhybridization,FISH)诊断未培养羊水细胞非整倍体的临床应用价值。方法对55例孕16～32周未培养羊水细胞进行FISH快速产前诊断,应用多色FISH对另4条染色体(X、Y、13号和18号)进行检测。以经母腹穿刺取胎血常规核型分析作为FISH检测结果对照。结果被检55例羊水未培养细胞均获得诊断结果,发现两例异常胎儿。1例为标准型21三体;另1例为21三体嵌合体。FISH检测与常规核型分析结果一致。结论FISH检测未培养羊水细胞非整倍体具有快速、简便、所用样本量少的优势,结果准确可靠,可达到产前诊断要求,有较大临床应用价值。     

89份羊水细胞的荧光原位杂交分析

目的 探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH)技术在产前诊断中的应用价值.方法 应用FISH对82例未培养的羊水细胞、2例培养成功的羊水细胞上清液及5例培养未成功的羊水细胞上清液进行染色体非整倍体检测,以其中79例未培养羊水细胞和2例培养成功羊水细胞的常规G显带核型分析结果作为对照.结果 89例标本均成功杂交,共检出21-三体3例,超雄综合征1例,三倍体1例.羊水培养细胞核型分析结果与FISH检测结果一致.结论 将FISH应用于染色体非整倍体的产前检测具有快速、直观的优点.FISH也可作为羊水标本未培养成功的补救诊断措施.     

应用优化荧光原位杂交技术诊断110例羊水间期细胞常见非整倍体

目的 优化现有荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术,探讨FISH快速产前诊断多种染色体异常的临床应用.方法 改良FISH操作过程中的滴片和杂交液用量,对110例孕妇羊水样本同时进行FISH快速产前诊断和常规细胞培养核型分析.结果 110例羊水样本中,FISH检测出了4例21三体、1例18三体、58例46,XX、47例46,XY,与染色体核型分析的结果一致,符合率100%.结论 国产FISH试剂能快速、准确检测常见的5种染色体数日异常,使用样本量少、价廉.FISH技术可作为经典染色体核型分析的辅助方法,能应用于唐氏血清学高风险孕妇的快速产前诊断.     

荆州地区522例羊水细胞遗传学结果分析

目的探讨羊水细胞遗传学分析在产前诊断中的应用价值。方法采集孕16~22周并有产前诊断指征孕妇的羊水标本522例,进行羊水细胞培养和染色体核型分析,并同时采用13/18/21/X/Y染色体探针对未培养羊水进行FISH检测。结果 504例羊水细胞培养和核型分析成功,异常54例(数目异常47例,结构异常7例);未培养羊水细胞FISH检测全部成功,其中数目异常48例,与常规细胞培养核型分析结果一致。NIPT技术应用可以进一步提高异常检出率,减少羊水穿刺检查数量。结论染色体核型分析与FISH在常见染色体非整倍体异常方面保持较好的一致性,核型分析比较全面,异常检出率高;FISH操作具有快速、简便等优点,是核型分析的有力补充。联合核型分析与FISH进行产前细胞遗传学诊断是一种行之有效的方法,但未来应建立以NIPT筛查为基础的产前诊断,并根据筛查结果选择合适的方法进行产前诊断。     

中山地区羊水细胞培养核型分析联合荧光原位杂交技术在产前诊断中的应用

目的探索羊水细胞培养核型分析联合荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)在产前诊断中的应用价值;方法采集16~22孕周、有产前诊断指征孕妇的羊水标本369例,进行羊水细胞培养核型分析并同时采用13/18/21/X/Y染色体探针对未培养羊水进行FISH检测;结果 369例羊水细胞培养核型分析成功363例,异常27例(数目异常18例,结构异常9例);未培养羊水细胞FISH检测全部成功,其中数目异常18例,与常规细胞培养核型分析结果一致,结论核型分析与FISH在常见染色体非整倍体异常方面保持较好的一致性,核型分析比较全面,异常检出率高;FISH操作比较快速、简便,是核型分析的有力补充。两种技术联合应用可以更有效地对胎儿染色体异常进行产前诊断。     

羊水细胞荧光原位杂交技术及染色体核型分析在特纳综合征中的应用

目的探讨羊水细胞荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术与染色体核型分析联合检测特纳(Turner)综合征,并结合产前超声筛查结果,评价FISH技术在产前诊断中的应用价值。方法对2010年1月至2012年12月来院产前遗传学诊断6455例孕妇,抽取羊水体外细胞培养后用常规G显带技术染色体核型分析为Turner综合征5例,正常对照2例,同时用FISH检测间期细胞13、18、21及X\Y的染色体数目。结果 Turner综合征5例中2例为染色体核型及FISH检测45,X,超声筛查结果异常;3例为染色体核型46,X,i(X)(q10),FISH检测正常,超声筛查结果异常;2例为染色体核型46,XX,FISH检测正常,超声筛查结果未见明显异常。结论 (1)FISH技术应用于产前诊断较常规核型分析方法有效缩短报告时间,但在Turner综合征染色体结构异常的患者,单纯使用FISH将发生漏诊。(2)FISH检测不能完全替代常规染色体核型分析,必须同时行羊水细胞染色体核型分析。     

淮安地区322例羊水细胞荧光原位杂交技术与核型分析结果分析

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术结合羊水细胞培养在检测胎儿染色体异常中的临床应用价值。方法用FISH技术检测322例孕17-28周孕妇的未培养羊水细胞,同时进行常规羊水细胞培养核型分析,将两者结果进行对照分析。结果 322例未培养羊水细胞FISH检测成功321例,其中检出正常303例,数目异常18例,与常规细胞培养核型分析结果一致,另外4例正常变异、1例嵌合体以及1例罗伯逊易位型21三体未被FISH技术检测出。结论 FISH技术检测未培养羊水细胞染色体数目异常具有快速、简便、所用样本量少的优势,可以作为羊水细胞染色体核型分析的补充,但对于检测同源罗伯逊易位型21三体有一定局限性。     

Down syndrome with pure partial trisomy 21q22 due to a paternal insertion (4;21) uncovered by uncultured amniotic fluid interphase FISH

OBJECTIVE: To emphasize the usefulness and reliability of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on uncultured amniotic fluid cells in the prenatal diagnosis of common chromosomal aneuploidies. METHODS: FISH analyses utilizing centromeric, locus-specific or whole chromosome paint DNA probes specific for chromosomes X, Y, 13, 18, 21, and 4 were performed on uncultured amniotic fluid cells or the peripheral blood specimen from the father. Routine chromosome analysis was carried out as well. RESULTS: A prenatal case with partial trisomy 21 due to a paternal cryptic insertion (4;21) was ascertained by a rapid overnight FISH on uncultured amniotic fluid cells. The fetus was delivered at term and had classical features of Down syndrome. CONCLUSION: Our results stress the importance of FISH on uncultured amniotic fluid cells to supplement routine cytogenetics, especially in cases with abnormal ultrasound findings.     

荧光定量PCR产前快速诊断唐氏综合征

目的探索荧光定量PCR方法在产前快速诊断唐氏综合征中的作用。方法收集65例妊娠20~24w,进行羊水穿刺胎儿细胞培养染色体核型分析的胎儿羊水,采用荧光定量PCR技术对标本D21S11位点进行PCR扩增、检测,并与染色体核型分析的结果进行对照分析。结果65例未培养羊水标本经过荧光定量PCR检测,发现2例唐氏综合征,显示1:1:1三条或2:1两条D21S11位点等位基因带,63例显示1:1两条带;与细胞培养染色体核型分析的结果基本一致。结论荧光定量PCR技术具有检测速度快、需要模板量少,检测结果准确等特点,可用于染色体异常的产前快速诊断。     

应用FISH技术在唐氏综合征筛查诊断中的研究

目的探讨荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）在孕中期唐氏综合征的筛查诊断价值及意义。方法应用FISH实验方法结合血清学检查对我院门诊及住院部共收集100例孕16-22w的孕妇羊水标本进行产前遗传学疾病筛查和诊断。结果FISH筛查100例孕妇,其中2例为唐氏综合征高分险病2例,与染色体分析检查相符,占总筛查人数的2%;其中血清学检查筛查出DS高风险25例,占25%。结论孕中期产前FISH诊断可以有效预防唐氏综合征等遗传学疾病患儿的出生;FISH相对于血清学检测有较高的特异性和灵敏性;FISH较染色体分析除较高的特异性和灵敏性外,操作简便能快速得出诊断结果。     

应用STR-荧光定量PCR行产前唐氏综合征诊断的初步研究

目的建立快速高效的产前诊断唐氏综合征的方法。方法选取21号染色体上唐氏综合征关键区域内的4个串联重复序列（STR）（D21S1413,D21S1414,D21S1446,D21S1437）作为遗传标记,采用荧光定量PCR扩增技术（QF—PCR）及片段分析技术来检测178例羊水标本,并与羊水标本的染色体核型分析结果相比对,评价QF—PCR方法的特异性和灵敏度。结果所有178例羊水标本中经核型分析证实有19例为21三体,另有2例为性染色体数目异常,19例唐氏综合征样本均可由QF—PCR法扩增检出。19例唐氏综合症样本,采用4对STR引物同时检测,阳性诊断率达100％。结论基于STR的QF—PCR技术具有简单、快速及准确等优点,对唐氏综合征大规模的产前基因诊断具有很好的临床价值。     

广西地区荧光原位杂交技术在快速诊断胎儿染色体数目异常中的应用

目的使用荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术对广西地区胎儿染色体数目异常进行快速检测并评估其临床应用价值。方法采用FISH技术对758例未培养羊水标本进行染色体数目异常的检测,采用染色体核型分析技术作为对照。结果成功检测758例标本,检出正常核型747例,异常核型11例（其中21-三体7例,18-三体1例,13-三体1例,XYY2例）,所有结果与染色体核型分析一致。结论FISH检测简便、快速、准确性高、特异性强,对协助临床咨询及产前遗传学诊断具有重要意义,值得推广应用。     

荧光原位杂交技术在检测胎儿染色体数目异常中的应用

目的探讨荧光原位杂交（fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH）技术在检测胎儿染色体数目异常中的临床应用价值。方法对50例孕16～22周妊娠妇女羊水间期细胞进行FISH（13、21、18、X、Y）快速产前诊断,以常规羊水细胞培养染色体核型分析作为FISH检测结果对照。结果被检50例羊水间期细胞均获得诊断结果,其中48例为正常胎儿,两例为异常胎儿（1例为48,XXY＋21,另1例为47,XXX）。FISH检测与常规染色体核型分析结果一致。结论FISH检测胎儿染色体数目异常具有快速、简便等优点,结果准确可靠,有较大临床应用价值。     

Detection of monosomy 7 in bone marrow by fluorescence in situ hybridization. A study of Fanconi anemia patients and review of the literature

Monosomy 7 is frequently found in the bone marrow of patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), marrow myelodysplasia, or acute myelogenous leukemia and is associated with poor prognosis. In our laboratory, cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow from an FA patient found 2 of 30 cells with monosomy 7, but the results of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated that 83 of 207 cells (40%) had monosomy 7. FISH was then used to analyze two earlier samples from the index case, neither of which had monosomy 7 as determined by standard cytogenetics. The FISH analysis determined that the first sample, taken 19 months earlier, had 8 of 200 cells (4%) with monosomy 7 and the second sample. taken 7 months later, contained 43 of 200 cells (21.5%) with monosomy 7. These results indicate a slow evolution toward monosomy 7 in the patient's bone marrow. Standard metaphase chromosome analysis represents only spontaneously dividing cells, leading us to hypothesize that FISH was detecting monosomy 7 in nondividing cells and that it might be useful in the early detection of abnormal clones. To test this hypothesis, FISH was performed on 13 bone marrow samples from nine patients with FA who did not exhibit monosomy 7 by cytogenetic analysis. Monosomy 7 was detected in 3.44% of nuclei in FA patients and in 3% of nuclei in normal controls. To date, none of these nine FA patients have developed monosomy 7 or leukemia. They are being monitored by standard cytogenetics and by FISH to determine whether monosomy 7 develops and whether it can be detected by FISH prior to its detection by standard cytogenetics. As standard practice, we have adopted FISH analysis for monosomy 7 in all patients with FA.     

Rapid prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction with amplification of small tandem repeats and S100B in chromosome 21

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is the most common congenital anomaly, and it occurs in one out of 700-1000 births. Current techniques such as amniocentesis and chorionic villi sampling (CVS) require lengthy laboratory culture procedures and high costs. This study was undertaken to establish a rapid prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of fetal DNA from amniotic fluid. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed with DNA templates obtained from 14 normal blood samples, 10 normal amniotic fluid samples, 14 Down syndrome blood samples, and 7 Down syndrome amniotic fluid samples. Primers for D21S167 and S100B of chromosome 21 were used. Primers that direct the amplification of the 165-bp fragment of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 gene on chromosome 12 using a PCR primer were included to generate an internal standard for quantitation. The relative levels of D21S167 and S100B were 2.6 and 2.4 times higher in the blood of Down syndrome patients than those in the control group. The differences between these two groups were statistically significant (p-values were 0.0012 and 0.0016, respectively). The relative levels of D21S167 and S100B were 2.1 and 2.7 times higher in the amniotic fluid of Down syndrome fetuses than those in the control group. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (p-values were 0.0379 and 0.0379, respectively). Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 by real-time quantitative PCR using STR (small tandem repeats) amplification of D21S167 and S100B is a useful, accurate and rapid diagnostic method. Furthermore, it may also be useful for prenatal diagnosis with fetal DNA from maternal blood, and for preimplantation genetic diagnosis and prenatal counseling.