国产室间隔缺损封堵器与Amplatzer封堵器的疗效比较

目的比较国产室间隔缺损封堵器与Amplatzer封堵器在经导管室间隔缺损封堵术中的疗效。方法41例患儿采用Amplatzer封堵器,76例患儿采用国产封堵器进行室间隔缺损封堵术,对比两组的疗效、并发症和费用等情况。结果国产组75例封堵成功（成功率99%）,进口组40例封堵成功（成功率98%）。两组患儿术前各项临床指标、手术和X线曝光时间、封堵成功率及住院天数,术后各项并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义,两组患儿治疗前后左室舒张末径、收缩末径及C/T值减少程度无明显差异,治疗总费用进口组明显高于国产组。结论国产室间隔缺损封堵器与Amplatzer封堵器相比较其疗效、并发症发生率无显著差异,治疗费用低,临床应用前景广泛。     

国产房间隔缺损封堵器的实验研究

目的　通过外科手术创建的房间隔缺损动物模型评价国产心健TM 房间隔缺损封堵器介入治疗的可行性、安全性、有效性。方法　体外循环下 ,在幼猪的房间隔剪一个缺损口形成房间隔缺损 (ASD)动物模型 ,7d后行房间隔缺损封堵术。术后进行超声心动图、大体解剖、扫描电镜和透射电镜检查。结果　共 8只猪建立了房间隔缺损模型并进行封堵术 ,封堵器放置的成功率为 10 0 % ,超声心动图随访无残余分流 ,动物生长发育正常 ,无严重并发症出现。 1～ 6个月大体解剖可见封堵器与房间隔组织紧密嵌合 ,表面被一层白色半透明组织覆盖 ,电镜证实为内皮组织。结论　国产心健TM 房间隔缺损封堵器关闭外科手术创建的ASD模型可行、安全、有效     

儿童与青少年房间隔缺损介入治疗并发症随访研究

目的观察儿童与青少年无症状房间隔缺损患者行房间隔缺损介入治疗并发症发生情况,探讨不同年龄患者行封堵术治疗的安全性及可靠性。方法将50例房间隔缺损患者分为儿童组及青少年组,采用国产先健牌封堵器及其输送系统封堵房间隔缺损。比较两组封堵术成功率及监测术前、术后ECG、血常规、肝肾功能变化,随访术后并发症发生情况。结果青少年组与儿童组介入封堵成功率差异无统计学意义;儿童组术后近期并发症发生率高于青少年组,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.5,P=0.03）,远期（1～6个月）并发症两组比较差异无统计学意义。两组术前、术后血常规、肝肾功能无明显变化。结论房间隔缺损介入治疗无症状的青少年房间隔缺损疗效较好,低年龄病例易发生并发症,大部分并发症在随访过程中（术后6个月）完全恢复,用大直径封堵器患者易出现房室传导阻滞。     

经导管封堵术治疗房间隔缺损疗效观察及护理体会

为全面了解经导管封堵术(下称封堵术)治疗房间隔缺损(ASD)的优缺点，探讨护理及预防并发症发生的方法，我们对采用封堵术的30例继发孔型ASD患者(封堵组)的临床资料进行回顾性分析，并与同期30例行开胸手术患者(手术组)作对照。结果封堵组与手术组平均年龄、ASD缺损平均直径差异无显著性，手术成功率均为100％；封堵组手术时间、监护时间、住院时间均较手术组明显缩短，且不需输血，术后无疤痕及并发症发生；但平均住院费用较手术组高。提示封堵术在其适应证范围内可替代开胸手术；优良的护理对提高手术成功率、减少并发症有重要作用。     

房间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭介入与手术治疗的比较

目的比较心健TM封堵器介入治疗与外科手术治疗房间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法介入组应用心健TM封堵器介入治疗房间隔缺损29例,均为继发孔中央型;治疗动脉导管未闭23例,其中漏斗型9例、管型13例、窗型1例。介入病人在X线透视及经胸超声心动图监视下,按照常规方法行封堵术。同期外科手术治疗房间隔缺损41例,其中继发孔中央型5例、上腔型22例、下腔型12例、筛孔型2例;动脉导管未闭36例,其中漏斗型9例,管型27例。房间隔缺损外科修补术分别采用右前外侧小切口10例、胸腔镜下25例、正中切口11例;动脉导管未闭均采用左后外侧切口结扎术。结果全部病例无死亡。介入组即刻成功率98%(51/52),即刻完全封堵率96%(49/51);窗形动脉导管未闭并重度肺动脉高压1例,在术后有残余分流并血尿,另术后早期有少量残余分流1例,Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞4例,随访1个月～6个月症状均消失。外科组动脉导管未闭1例,在术中有大出血;ASD1例,术后有大量残余分流;动脉导管未闭3例,术后有极少量残余分流;心房扑动和肺不张各1例、胸腔积液4例、心包积液2例、切口感染1例。结论介入与外科手术治疗房间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭的成功率无明显差别,介入治疗与外科治疗比较,并发症发生差异无统计学意义,病人创伤少,痛苦轻,住院时间短,但费用偏高,非适应证的病人仍需手术治疗。     

应用国产对称双盘封堵器经导管治疗膜周部室间隔缺损的临床疗效

目的评价应用国产对称双盘封堵器经导管治疗室间隔缺损的安全性及有效性。方法自2003年3月至2007年7月,对我科689例室间隔缺损患者应用国产对称双盘封堵器经导管进行了室间隔缺损的介入治疗,合并房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭等均进行了同期治疗。并进行术中,术后第1、3、6个月及每年随访,包括12导联心电图及超声心动图检查,观察并发症的情况（有无房室传导阻滞、封堵器形态、对主动脉瓣及三尖瓣的影响以及有无残余分流等）,评估该方法的安全有效性。结果总体技术成功率为98.8%。因术后脑出血死亡1例,因Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞安装永久性心脏起搏器1例,半年后因三尖瓣中-重度关闭不全转外科手术1例,6例改用Amplatzer偏心伞进行封堵成功;2例封堵失败转外科手术。其余随访期间未出现明显并发症。结论应用国产对称双盘封堵器经导管治疗室间隔缺损术后出现各种与手术有关的并发症的几率较低,具有很强的安全性和可行性,应成为室间隔缺损患者的首选治疗方案,但同时应掌握好适应证,注意三尖瓣关闭不全等并发症的预防。     

继发孔型房间隔缺损微创封堵的临床研究

目的总结微创封堵治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损的初步经验。方法全组11例,手术前均确诊为继发孔型房间隔缺损,缺损长径14.6～32.5mm。取右前胸2～3cm长的微创切口,在食管超声心动图引导下,经输送器置入封堵伞,以闭合房间隔缺损。结果11例患者手术均获得成功,无手术相关并发症发生。随访3～10个月,封堵伞无移位、无残余漏。结论微创封堵手术治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损具有安全、高效的优点。     

房间隔缺损封堵器相关严重并发症的原因分析

目的分析继发型房间隔缺损介入封堵后封堵器相关严重并发症的原因和防治方法。方法回顾性分析2008年至2017年在云南省多个介入中心行介入封堵治疗的继发型房间隔缺损患者1 214例的临床资料。将患者分为封堵器与心脏大血管接触组(n=1 030例)、封堵器与心脏大血管未接触组(n=184例)。封堵器与心脏大血管接触组又依据接触是否成角及封堵器有无相对活动分为相应亚组。结果全组共发生封堵器相关严重并发症6例(0.5%),其中封堵器脱落5例,主动脉右心房瘘1例;当封堵器与大动脉呈切线位接触且无相对活动时,封堵器相关严重并发症减少。结论建议根据不同的房间隔缺损选择适合的封堵器,封堵器释放前应关注封堵器是否与大动脉接触成角以及有相对运动。     

关于国产封堵器封堵房间隔缺损效果评价

目的:采用国产封堵器介入治疗44例房间隔缺损(ASD)患者,评价国产封堵器介入治疗ASD的疗效。方法:44例ASD患者,男18例,女26例,年龄:1.2～64,平均(18.9±16.7)岁,在胸部超声指导下,采用国产封堵器作介入封堵治疗。结果:44例ASD封堵均获成功,无封堵器移位、脱落等并发症。结论:国产封堵器与进口封堵器封堵房间隔缺损效果相同,且费用低,易于普及。     

经食管实时三维超声引导继发孔型房间隔缺损封堵的临床疗效研究

目的 研究经食管实时三维超声心动图监测和引导继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵的临床疗效。方法 收集2018年10月至2020年6月于安徽医科大学第一附属医院心血管外科确诊并采用经食管实时三维超声引导封堵的51例继发孔型房间隔缺损患者资料,就手术失败率及术后并发症的发生、封堵器的选择、术后随访患者心脏结构和功能的变化等临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 51例患者中成功置入Amplatzer双盘封堵器49例,手术成功率96%。术中二维测量ASD最大径为(18.34±6.29)mm,三维测量ASD最大径为(23.60±7.38)mm,两组数据之间的线性相关分析表明三维测量最大径与术中所选用封堵器型号的相关性更好。封堵治疗术后有2例封堵器边缘可见星点状残余分流,未经特殊处理,术后1月随访时分流消失。术后随访过程中患者心脏的结构和功能均进行性改善,手术疗效肯定。结论 经食管实时三维超声心动图能够有效和直观地监测、引导继发孔型房间隔缺损的封堵治疗,具有重要的临床疗效及应用价值。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.