慢性鼻窦炎手术前后嗅觉功能变化的影响因素研究

目的研究慢性鼻窦炎嗅觉障碍的影响因素,内镜鼻窦手术后主观嗅觉功能变化情况。方法回顾分析126例慢性鼻窦炎经鼻内镜鼻窦手术后SNOT-22量表中嗅觉功能评分改善情况,采用多元线性回归分析嗅觉障碍的影响因素,采用相关系数分析术前Lund-Kennedy内镜评分与术前嗅觉评分的关系。结果 126例慢性鼻窦炎中115例(91.3%)出现嗅觉障碍,其中92例(80.0%)术后主观嗅觉功能改善。饮酒、吸烟、哮喘、修正手术,外周血嗜酸性粒细胞比例≥6影响慢性鼻窦炎术前嗅觉评分(P0.1),术前Lund-Kennedy内镜评分与嗅觉评分具有相关性(P0.05)。结论多种因素可能影响慢性鼻窦炎患者的嗅觉功能,内镜鼻窦手术可以提高慢性鼻窦炎患者的嗅觉功能。     

鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者鼻内镜手术后嗅觉功能障碍转归因素分析

目的 探讨鼻内镜手术后慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉所致嗅觉障碍的治疗效果,及可能影响嗅觉恢复各因素的作用.方法 采用五味试嗅液检测法对79例慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者在鼻内镜手术前及术后第4周、第12周、第24周进行嗅觉功能测试,将检测资料进行统计学分析.结果 ①患者总体嗅觉水平术后3次检测结果与术前均有统计学差异(P＜0.01);术后3次检测结果间无统计学差异(P＞0.05).②病情分级对鼻内镜术后嗅觉恢复影响有统计学意义,其标准化偏回归系数为0.325.结论 ①手术后 4 周内患者嗅觉功能较术前即有明显改善,术后1～6个月嗅觉变化不明显.②在病情分级、病程、过敏史、吸烟等九项嗅觉功能相关因素中,只有病情分级对鼻内镜术后嗅觉恢复的影响有意义.     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者症状学特点及内镜鼻窦手术后主要症状的转归

目的：探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者的症状学特点及内镜鼻窦手术前后患者主观症状的变化。方法：采用视觉模拟量表对119例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者（52例不伴鼻息肉和67例伴鼻息肉）的鼻塞、头昏（头痛）、面部疼痛（胀满感）、嗅觉障碍和鼻分泌物（后鼻漏）5个主要症状进行评分,比较内镜鼻窦手术前和手术后12个月评分的变化。结果：伴和不伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者出现最多的症状均依次为鼻塞、鼻分泌物（后鼻漏）、头昏（头痛）、面部疼痛（胀满感）和嗅觉障碍。不伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者较伴鼻息肉者鼻分泌物评分显著增高（P〈0．01）,但嗅觉障碍评分者显著降低（P〈0．01）。在最令人困扰的症状方面,不伴鼻息肉和伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者分别是鼻分泌物（后鼻漏）和嗅觉障碍。术后伴鼻息肉和不伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者各个症状出现的频率和评分均较术前显著降低（P〈0．01）。结论：伴鼻息肉和不伴鼻息肉的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者症状学具有不同的特点,内镜鼻窦手术可以显著改善患者的主观症状,视觉模拟量表评估患者的主观症状是一简便、易于开展的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎疗效主观评估方法。     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉伴发嗅觉障碍病人iNOS在嗅粘膜中的表达

目的 探讨诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)在慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉嗅觉障碍发病过程中的作用。方法 30例慢性鼻窦炎嗅觉障碍病人经临床分型分期,行嗅觉功能检查后,取嗅粘膜标本,行iNOS的免疫组化染色,光镜观察。结果 慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉2型2,3期和3型的嗅粘膜中iNOS的表达显著高于1型和2型1期(P<0.05)。并与嗅觉障碍的严重程度呈正相关。结论 iNOS可能参与了慢性鼻窦炎所致嗅觉障碍的嗅觉损害过程,损害程度与慢性耳窦炎鼻息肉的临床分型分期有关。     

慢性鼻窦炎与嗅觉功能障碍

正引起嗅觉障碍的病因中慢性鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis, CRS)约占14%～30%,CRS中约有28.3%～69.0%伴有嗅觉障碍,然而约有25%的CRS患者没有意识到嗅觉障碍~([1,2])。造成CRS患者嗅觉障碍的原因有阻塞性、神经性及其它因素。阻塞性因素如鼻息肉及鼻腔黏膜充血肿胀等病变致气味不能到达嗅上皮细胞,神经性因素包括局部炎症或变态反应导致嗅觉神经损伤,其它因素包括年龄、吸烟史及哮喘等因素。1鼻息肉影响慢性鼻窦炎嗅觉功能研究发现,慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)较     

伴有嗅觉障碍的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者鼻内镜术后嗅觉及生活质量转归的研究

目的 探讨伴有嗅觉障碍的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)(伴有/不伴有鼻息肉)患者经鼻内镜手术后嗅觉的转归及其生活质量(QOL)的改善情况。 方法 伴有嗅觉障碍的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者44例,其中伴有鼻息肉的患者33例,不伴有鼻息肉的患者11例,于术前行鼻部CT检查(冠状位+矢状位),Lund-Mackay CT评分,并分别于术前、术后4周及12周行T& T嗅觉测试、嗅觉VSA评分及鼻腔鼻窦结局测试(SNOT-20)。 结果 术后4周嗅觉T& T测试59.5%的患者嗅觉有改善,术后12周73.0%的患者嗅觉有改善。术后4周嗅觉vas评分有77.3%的患者嗅觉有改善,术后12周86.4%的患者嗅觉有改善。统计学显示嗅觉T& T测试及嗅觉VAS评分术后4周及12周的得分较术前明显改善(P<0.000 1),术后4周及12周差异无统计学意义(P=0.720,0.147)。SNOT-20评分术前与术后4周及12周均有统计学差异(P<0.000 1),术后4周与12周差异无统计学意义(P=0.055)。术前Lund-Mackay CT评分与T& T嗅觉测试、嗅觉VAS评分呈正相关(r=0.569,P<0.000 1;r=0.782,P<0.000 1)。 结论 鼻内镜术后患者嗅觉及QOL均明显改善,术后4周与12周改善程度差异无统计学意义。患者术前病变范围与嗅觉障碍程度呈正比。     

慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻内镜手术后嗅觉障碍的临床转归

目的探讨慢性鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis,CRS)经鼻内镜手术后嗅觉障碍的转归及相关因素。方法采用TT标准嗅觉测试法对77例(134侧)CRS患者在鼻内镜手术前以及术后1个月、3个月和6个月分别进行嗅觉功能测试,将测试结果进行统计学分析。结果 70例(125侧)CRS患者完成了随访。鼻内镜手术前104侧(83.2%)存在不同程度的嗅觉障碍,术后1个月、3个月和6个月嗅觉障碍分别减少至84侧(67.2%)、82侧(65.6%)和84侧(67.2%)。患者鼻内镜手术后的嗅觉功能较术前明显改善(P0.001),而术后1个月、3个月和6个月的平均嗅阈无显著差异(P0.05)。至术后6个月随访结束时,嗅觉恢复正常20侧(19.2%)、好转53侧(51.0%)、不变29侧(27.9%)、加重2侧(1.9%),总改善率为70.2%。其中,不伴鼻息肉的CRS患者嗅觉恢复最好,改善率80.0%(28/35);伴鼻息肉但未累及嗅裂者次之,改善率73.3%(33/45);嗅裂息肉患者的嗅觉恢复较差,改善率50.0%(12/24)。CRS不伴鼻息肉与息肉未累及嗅裂者进行比较,术后嗅觉恢复无统计学差异(P0.05);而二者分别与嗅裂息肉患者进行比较,术后嗅觉恢复均有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论鼻内镜手术对CRS患者的嗅觉障碍有明显改善作用。在手术彻底清除炎性病变、解除嗅裂阻塞的基础上,更应注重对嗅区嗅黏膜的保护;同时,规范化的围手术期处理和术后定期随访也显得十分重要。     

伴嗅觉障碍的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者术后嗅觉变化的临床研究

目的　研究慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）手术与嗅觉功能之间的关系。方法　2014年10～12月在吉林大学中日联谊医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科治疗的48例CRS且嗅觉障碍患者，行鼻内镜下鼻窦开放手术治疗，对比手术前、后1个月的嗅觉变化。结果　①嗅觉障碍较术前提升的患者45例，其中显著改善20例，改善19例，嗅觉完全恢复6例，无改善3例，无嗅觉减退者。②术前伴有鼻息肉的患者中5%嗅觉恢复正常，16%显著改善，68%改善，11%无改善；术前不伴有鼻息肉的患者中17%嗅觉恢复正常，59%显著改善，21%改善，3%无改善。③40岁以下的患者中16%嗅觉恢复正常，60%显著改善，24%改善；40岁以上的患者中9%嗅觉恢复正常，22%显著改善，56%改善，13%无改善。④男性患者中14%嗅觉恢复正常，46%显著改善，32%改善，7%无改善；女性患者中10%嗅觉恢复正常，35%显著改善，50%改善，5%无改善。结论　①鼻内镜手术治疗CRS可有效改善患者的嗅觉功能；②伴发鼻息肉、年龄是鼻内镜术后嗅觉恢复的影响因素（P <0.05），性别不是影响鼻内镜术后嗅觉恢复的因素（P >0.05）。     

鼻内镜手术前后嗅觉功能变化及相关因素分析

嗅觉障碍是鼻科临床常见的症状，鼻内镜手术使鼻腔鼻窦内机械性阻塞因素被清除，鼻腔通气引流状况及嗅觉功能得到明显改善。为了观察鼻内镜术后嗅觉功能变化情况，我们对79例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者内镜手术前后的嗅觉变化情况进行动态观察，总结嗅觉恢复的规律。     

内镜鼻窦手术前后鼻气道阻力和嗅觉功能的测试结果

目的　定量分析内镜鼻窦手术前后患者鼻气道阻力和嗅觉功能的变化。方法　采用前鼻测压法和T&T标准试嗅法对 12 7例慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者鼻气道阻力和嗅觉功能进行测试。结果　①患者鼻气道阻力的增加和嗅觉障碍的程度基本上随临床分期的增高而呈加重的趋势 ;②内镜鼻窦手术后 ,患者的鼻腔通气状况及嗅觉功能得到明显改善 ,总有效率分别为 93 4 % (85 / 91)和71 9% (6 4 / 89) ;③变应性因素是影响术后鼻功能改善的主要原因之一。结论　鼻气道阻力和嗅觉功能测试作为鼻功能的检测手段 ,可广泛的应用于内镜鼻窦手术前后。     

内镜鼻窦手术前后鼻气道阻力和嗅觉功能的测试结果

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively analyse the changes of nasal airway resistance (NAR) and olfactory function in patients before and after endoscopic sinus surgery(ESS). METHODS: NAR and olfactory functions in 127 patients suffering from chronic sinusitis and/or nasal polyps were measured with anterior rhinomanometry and T&T olfactometer standard odors. RESULTS: 1. The degree of NAR increased and olfactory dysfunction were accompanied with varied clinic classifications. 2. After the ESS, NAR decreased and olfactory functions improved obviously, the effective rates were 93.4% (85/91) and 71.9% (64/89) respectively. 3. Allergy was one of the major factors that affected the outcome of nasal function after ESS. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The improvements of NAR and olfactory function in patients with chronic sinusitis and polyps were significant after ESS. 2. As the determining method of nasal function, the measurement of NAR and olfactory function ought to be used widely in clinical practice.     

Predictors of quality of life outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis after sinus surgery

The predictive value of olfaction for quality of life (QoL) recovery after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is still underestimated. The aim of this study was to explore the proportion of patients suffering from CRS who experience clinically significant QoL improvement after ESS and identify pre-operative clinical phenotypes that best predict surgical outcomes for QoL, focusing mainly on the role of patients’ olfaction. One hundred eleven patients following ESS for CRS and 48 healthy subjects were studied. Olfactory function was expressed by the combined “Threshold Discrimination Identification” score using “Sniffin’ sticks” test pre-treatment and 12 months after treatment. All subjects completed validated, widely used QoL questionnaires, specific for olfaction (Questionnaire of Olfactory Deficits: QOD), for assessing psychology (Beck Depression Inventory: BDI) and for general health (Short Form-36: SF-36). Statistically significant improvement of olfactory function by 41.8 % and of all QoL questionnaires scores (all p < 0.001) was observed on the 12-month follow-up examination. Clinically significant improvement for QoL was measured in a proportion of 56.8 % of patients on QOD, 64.9 % on SF-36 and 49.5 % on BDI scales results. Although olfactory dysfunction, nasal polyps, female gender, high socio-economic status and non-smoking habits were significantly associated with better QoL results, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only olfactory dysfunction and nasal polyps were independent predictors significantly associated with higher likelihood of clinically significant improvement in all QoL questionnaire results. Olfactory dysfunction and nasal polyps were independent pre-operative predictors for surgical outcomes with regard to QoL results.     

Sinonasal Disease and Olfactory Impairment in HIV Disease: Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Outcome Measures

Objectives To investigate the effects of ESS (ESS) on olfactory impairment, disease‐specific symptoms, and general quality of well‐being In HIV+ patients with sinonasal disease. Study Design Study 1: Nasal cytology, rhinomanometry, nasal examination including endoscopy, disease‐specific sinonasal symptoms, olfactory threshold sensitivity, and odor identification testing were performed before and after ESS in HIV+ patients with sinonasal complaints. Study 2: Quality of well‐being was assessed before and after ESS in HIV+ patients with sinonasal complaints and controls. Results Significant olfactory sensitivity loss persisted for patients with chronic sinusitis after ESS, suggesting that the impairment in these patients may be due to viral disease rather than inflammation. Significant improvement in other disease‐specific symptom scores (nasal obstruction, nasal congestion, headache, sinus pain, etc.) and results of the general quality of well‐being assessment showed ESS to be beneficial in the extended health management of HIV illness. Conclusions The current study indicated both olfactory dysfunction and subjective negative symptoms in HIV+ patients with chronic sinusitis. Although olfactory dysfunction remained, ESS was successful in providing marked alleviation of symptomatology in HIV+ patients with chronic sinusitis. The results support ESS as an appropriate treatment option for HIV+ patients with chronic sinusitis.     

青少年慢性鼻窦炎和鼻息肉鼻内镜手术综合治疗的疗效观察

目的评估青少年慢性鼻窦炎和/或鼻息肉的鼻内镜手术综合治疗的疗效.方法回顾性分析1994年12月～2002年12月间149例(298侧)青少年慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉或两者兼有者的鼻内镜手术综合治疗情况和近期随访结果.结果随访6月～1年,Ⅰ～Ⅲ型总有效率为96.0%(143/149).93.7%的患者术后获得嗅觉的恢复或改善.结论鼻内镜手术综合治疗青少年慢性鼻窦炎和/或鼻息肉,可以获得较好的疗效,有利于青少年鼻及鼻窦生理功能的维护和改善.     

鼻内窥镜下鼻窦鼻息肉手术75例疗效观察

目的：观察鼻内窥镜下鼻窦鼻息肉手术治疗的效果。方法：对75例（125侧）慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者行鼻内窥镜下手术，术后随访1年。结果：治愈48例（64.0%），好转20例（26.7%），无效7例（9.3%），总有效率90.7%。术后并发症主要为鼻腔黏连。结论：鼻内窥镜下鼻窦鼻息肉手术治疗具有良好的疗效，术中正确处理中、下鼻甲及鼻中隔，术后定期随访可提高治愈率，减少并发症。     

内窥镜鼻窦手术40例疗效观察

目的 :探讨提高鼻内窥镜手术疗效的方法。方法 :对 4 0例慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者行经鼻内窥镜手术。结果 :4 0例中随访半年以上者 34例 ,治愈 2 5例 (73.5 % ) ,好转 7例 (2 0 .6 % ) ,无效 2例 (5 .9% ) ,总有效率94 .1%。无严重术后并发症 ,术后出血 1例 ,中鼻甲与鼻中隔粘连 2例 (2侧 )。结论 :鼻内窥镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉具有良好的疗效。手术操作熟练准确 ,彻底清除病变是手术成功的重要保证。     

老年慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻内镜手术的临床分析

目的探讨鼻内镜手术在老年慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者中的应用及疗效.方法回顾性分析68例＞60岁的老年慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者行鼻内镜手术的临床资料.结果随访6～50月,治愈52例(76.5%),好转10例(14.7),无效6例(8.8%),总有效率91.2%.结论鼻内镜手术是治疗老年鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的一个安全、有效方法.     

Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction: the skövde population-based study

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Patients with olfactory dysfunction appear repeatedly in ear, nose, and throat practices, but the prevalence of such problems in the general adult population is not known. Therefore, the objectives were to investigate the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in an adult Swedish population and to relate dysfunction to age, gender, diabetes mellitus, nasal polyps, and smoking habits. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study. METHODS: A random sample of 1900 adult inhabitants, who were stratified for age and gender, was drawn from the municipal population register of Sk?vde, Sweden. Subjects were called to clinical visits that included questions about olfaction, diabetes, and smoking habits. Examination was performed with a smell identification test and nasal endoscopy. RESULTS: In all, 1387 volunteers (73% of the sample) were investigated. The overall prevalence of olfactory dysfunction was 19.1%, composed of 13.3% with hyposmia and 5.8% with anosmia. A logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between impaired olfaction and aging, male gender, and nasal polyps, but not diabetes or smoking. In an analysis of a group composed entirely of individuals with anosmia, diabetes mellitus and nasal polyps were found to be risk factors, and gender and smoking were not. CONCLUSION: The sample size of the population-based study was adequate, with a good fit to the entire population, which suggests that it was representative for the Swedish population. Prevalence data for various types of olfactory dysfunction could be given with reasonable precision, and suggested risk factors analyzed. The lack of a statistically significant relationship between olfactory dysfunction and smoking may be controversial.     

内窥镜鼻窦手术1 268例临床分析

目的　探讨鼻内窥镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎和鼻息肉的疗效及影响手术疗效的相关因素。方法　对 1 989～ 1 997年完成随访的 1 2 6 8例内窥镜鼻窦手术进行临床分析。 1 2 6 8例中 1型 36 6例 (2 8 9% ) ,2型为 6 46例 (5 0 9% ) ,3型为 2 5 6例 (2 0 2 % )。其中 1 2 6 2例在局部麻醉辅以静脉强化麻醉下完成。同期行鼻中隔矫正术 1 82例。术后随访 9～ 42个月 ,平均 1 5个月。结果　 1型治愈率为93 7% ,2型治愈率为 81 6 % ,3型治愈率为 6 8 4 %。三型之间治愈率差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1 )。手术并发症的发生率为 2 3%。结论　鼻内窥镜手术是治疗慢性鼻窦炎和鼻息肉的有效方法 ,手术疗效与其临床分型密切相关。     

内窥镜鼻窦手术后术腔冲洗液对疗效的影响

目的 :探讨内窥镜鼻窦手术 (ESS)后术腔冲洗液对疗效的影响。方法 :对行 ESS手术后坚持随访 3个月以上的 192例 (331侧 )慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉 型 期患者 ,随机分为 3组 :术后分别用生理盐水 (A组 ) ,0 .5 %甲硝唑加地塞米松 (B组 ) ,鱼腥草注射液 (C组 )冲洗术腔 ,按照海口 (1997) ESS疗效标准进行评估。结果 :C组疗效优于其它两组 ,经χ2 检验组间差别有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :术后坚持冲洗治疗有重要意义 ;鱼腥草注射液冲洗疗效更为明显。