某院临床用血病历质量分析与改进建议

目的调查临床用血病历存在问题,提出改进建议,提高病历书写质量。方法回顾性调查2017年第一季度临床用血病历,共558份。调查内容包括临床用血管理制度、输血前相关检查、输血记录单等。结果558份病历中,不规则抗体报告单缺失76份,占13.62%;输血病程记录缺失或不规范142份,占25.4%;无输血记录单或填写不规范53份,占9.5%;无输血疗效评价表或要素不全78份,占14.0%。结论医院应严格进行报告单管理,加强临床用血知识培训,强化监督检查,以促使临床用血管理水平持续提升。     

临床输血病历质量分析

目的规范临床用血和强化输血管理,确保临床输血安全。方法回顾性分析花都区人民医院2014年6月~2015年5月随机抽取的720份临床输血病历资料,其中手术科输血病历和非手术科输血病历各360份。结果通过分析所抽取病历的整体情况,发现临床输血病历中存在输血相关记录填写不完整或不规范、无主治医生或患者家属签名确认及输血病程记录中缺少疗效评估等问题;手术科输血病历缺陷率(22.22%)显著高于非手术科的输血病历缺陷率(11.94%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论及时分析临床输血病历存在的问题并进行总结与整顿,实施有效可行的输血管理措施,对提高临床输血病历质量\规范临床用血、强化输血管理以及提高临床输血安全有着积极的促进作用。     

河北省医疗机构临床用血病历调查与分析

目的 了解河北省医疗机构临床用血病历存在问题,为质量改进提供理论依据.方法 于2013年4月～ 2014年4月,在河北省11个地市范围内分别选取三级、二级、一级各10家医院各10份临床用血病历进行调查与分析.结果 临床用血病历9项指标中,三级医院合格率最高,一级及民办医院合格率最低.各项指标记录水平不均衡,尤以输血后疗效评价、输血不良反应回报单合格率最低.结论 相关管理部门应强力推行统一的病历记录标准,大力开展医务人员培训,加大督导检查力度等,以规范临床用血病历记录,提高临床科学合理用血水平.     

成分输血的临床应用分析

目的评价分析本院临床成分输血的合理性,以进一步提高临床输血质量与安全。方法抽查中山大学附属第一医院2013年各临床科室的输血病历,评价临床用血是否合理,输血记录是否完善,分析不合理用血的比例、原因以及影响因素。结果 2013年共成分输血21 496人次,抽查897例病历,不合理用血75例,合理率为91.64%。红细胞合理输注率为95.04%,主要不合理输注原因为术中失血<20%自身血容量而输注红细胞;血浆合理输注率为78.92%,主要不合理原因为术中搭配红细胞输注和术后用于促进伤口愈合;血小板和冷沉淀未出现不合理输注情况。其中,外科合理输注率偏低,为88.77%,而内科合理输注率较高,为98.83%。输血记录不完善也主要集中于外科。近年来,由于加强了输血管理,临床科室也不断改进用血水平和完善输血记录,每季度的合理用血率和输血记录完善率有所提升。结论审慎而明智地执行血液输注指征,能够降低不合理用血情况,并确保更多真正需要的患者能够输注到血液,使输血工作安全、有效、可持续发展。     

临床输血病历质量分析

目的:分析临床输血病历中存在的问题,规范临床输血病历,提高临床输血的安全性,防范临床输血导致医疗纠纷的发生.方法:以《临床输血技术规范》《医疗机构临床用血管理办法》为主要依据,抽取我院2017年1-6月归档的临床输血病历,检查输血治疗同意书、输血前相关检查、输血前评估输血适应症、配血输血记录单、输血记录、输血不良反应回报、输血后效果评价及大量用血审批等8项内容,计算合格率与缺陷率.结果:538份病历中合格病历380份,合格率70.6％;缺陷病历158份,缺陷率占29.4％,其中1项缺陷病历127份、占23.6％,多项缺陷病历25份、占4.6％.缺陷项目以输血记录中输血量、输血时间的记录拷贝错误为主.结论:输血病历存在不同程度的缺陷,临床医护人员对输血文书的意义认识不足,医院主管部门应加强对输血病历的督查,规范临床医护人员的输血行为,提高输血病历质量,确保输血安全.     

临床输血病历规范性调查与分析

目的降低由于病历书写不规范导致的医疗纠纷风险。方法选取南宁市用血量较大的4家医院的临床用血病历进行抽样调查。内容包括备／输血医嘱及输血治疗同意书、输血前相关检查、配血及发血记录、病程记录与护理记录4个方面。结果4家医院抽查用血病历共计336份。分析发现病程记录与护理记录缺陷较严重,其它3项的缺陷率在不同医院有所不同。结论相关部门应加强临床输血病历的规范化管理,以降低医疗纠纷风险。     

合理使用抗生素预防和控制医院感染

控制医院感染的关键是及时、有效地治疗感染疾病,防止医院感染的播散。合理使用抗菌药物对控制医院感染十分重要,现将我院抗生素使用中存在的有关问题分析如下。1存在的问题问题:(1)抗菌药物使用无指征或指征不强:随机抽查我院妇产科出院病历132份,除其中24例未使用抗菌药物外,其余均使用抗菌药物,抗菌药物使用率为79%。抗菌药物使用无指征或指征不强20份占使用抗菌药物的19.3%。(2)不合理地联合使用抗菌药物:我院大多数医师普遍存在着重诊断、轻治疗或重医轻药的倾向,少数医师缺乏药理学、药代学知识,对迅速出现的新药不熟悉,联合用药有的…     

以等级医院评审为契机提高临床输血管理水平

目的探讨等级医院评审对临床输血管理工作的持续改进成效。方法收集等级医院评审前后相关输血相关资料,分别从输血申请单、输血病历、临床用血情况进行回顾性分析。结果等级医院评审后,输血申请单填写不合格率由59.7%降低到9.7%,输血病历不合格率由79.0%下降到23.7%。在住院患者与手术患者增长的情况下,用血人次与用血总量均减少。结论等级医院评审可有效提高临床输血管理质量。通过建立规范化、标准化的输血管理体系,可以促进临床用血更加科学、合理、安全、有效     

输血病历质量回顾性分析及管理策略研究

目的：回顾性分析输血病历质量缺陷,改进管理策略,提高输血病历质量,保障临床合理用血和医疗安全。方法：回顾性分析医院2019年—2022年质控检查中发现的输血病历质量缺陷,针对原因提出改进措施。结果：抽查病历114份,2019年—2022年合格病历数量和合格率逐年增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;一项缺陷病历数量和缺陷率逐年下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;多项缺陷病历数量和缺陷率也是逐年下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。抽查病历中非手术科室的输血病历合格率（75.00%）明显高于手术科室（46.30%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。不合格项主要集中在输血知情同意书、输血前相关检查、输血前适应证评估、输血治疗病程记录及输血治疗后病程记录。结论：可通过开展培训、质控检查、权限管理、考核奖惩及信息化建设等提高输血病历质量。     

豫南某县临床输血申请单中输血目的的调查

目的 调查本县临床输血申请单中输血目的 情况,指导临床科学合理有效用血.方法 对2011年1月至2012年12月本县6家医疗机构临床医生开出的临床输血申请单进行统计分析.结果 4486份临床输血申请单中,输血情况为红细胞类2843份,血浆类1135份,合并输血409份占9.12%,按临床输血申请单中,输血目的 情况分类:红细胞类合理用血1905份,占67.01%;血浆类合理用血486份,占42.82%;外科系统,内科系统红细胞申请输注合理性分别为51.84%,89.04%,血浆输注目的 合理率分别为37.7%,50.67%.结论 血浆不合理使用较多,内科系统对除血浆外的血液成分输注适应症掌握得较好,而外科系统对输血指征掌握欠佳.应加强对临床医生进行科学合理有效用血知识的培训,严格临床输血指征,严格用血审批制度,严格临床用血管理,提高血液保护技术,对临床输血进行评价、公示监督管理.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.