刍议特勤人员心理训练内容与方法

特勤人员心理素质的高低决定未来战争的成败。心理训练可以有效改善参训人员的心理健康水平,提升心理素质。本文通过查阅大量文献,总结出针对特勤人员的心理训练内容和四种心理训练方法,并进行简要概述,对创建科学、有效的心理训练模式提供理论参考。     

运用中医心理干预提高军队特勤人员社会适应度的探讨

社会适应是指人在复杂多变的社会环境中做出适合生存的反应,其中包括对生活环境的适应、对人际关系的适应、对学习与工作方式的适应、对压力与挫折的适应、对情绪情感的适应等[1],人适应社会环境能力的衡量标准就是人的社会适应度[2]。军队特勤人员由于职业的特殊性、环境的隐秘性、工作任务的繁重性与危险性等原因,其生理与心理负荷远远超过普通军人水     

交互式音乐治疗对儿童焦虑障碍的疗效

目的:探讨交互式音乐治疗对儿童焦虑障碍的疗效。方法:选取25名诊断为儿童焦虑障碍的被试并随机分为实验组(n=12)和对照组(n=13),对实验组通过交互式音乐治疗进行干预,用Ham ilton焦虑量表和儿少主观生活质量问卷评估疗效。结果:实验组干预前焦虑程度与对照组没有差异,干预后焦虑明显低于对照组(8.76±2.30 v.s19.83±3.17,P<0.001),1年后随访时实验组焦虑程度仍低于对照组(13.45±3.17 vs.18.66±2.07,P<0.001)。实验组干预前主观生活质量与对照组比较没有差异,干预后实验组生活质量高于对照组(159.19±9.84 vs.143.64±8.43,P<0.001)。结论:交互式音乐治疗能有效降低儿童焦虑障碍患者的焦虑水平,其近期疗效要比远期疗效好。     

部队特勤人员住院疾病谱分析

目的 了解特勤人员近年来患病住院的疾病种类及其特点.方法 收集2005～2011年在本院住院的舰艇艇员、飞行员病案资料,对其疾病进行统计,分析主要疾病构成及主要疾病的可能原因.结果 住院舰艇艇员主要疾病为急性呼吸道感染、急性胃肠炎;住院飞行员主要疾病为膝关节损伤、腰椎间盘突出症、颈椎间盘突出症等.结论 特勤人员的主要疾病与职业、年龄、外界环境、部队卫生体系的完善等因素有关,应结合特勤不同专业的特点,进行相关疾病的预防与诊治,以提高特勤部队战斗力.     

部队特勤人员住院疾病谱分析

目的了解特勤人员近年来患病住院的疾病种类及其特点。方法收集2005~2011年在本院住院的核潜艇艇员、飞行员病案资料,对其疾病进行统计,分析主要疾病构成及主要疾病的可能原因。结果住院核潜艇艇员主要疾病为急性呼吸道感染、急性胃肠炎;住院飞行员主要疾病为膝关节损伤、腰椎间盘突出症、颈椎间盘突出症等。结论特勤人员的主要疾病与职业、年龄、外界环境、部队卫生体系的完善等因素有关,应结合特勤不同专业的特点,进行相关疾病预防与诊治,以提高特勤部队战斗力。     

全程健康管理对高尿酸血症特勤人员的影响

目的 探讨全程健康管理对特勤人员高尿酸血症血尿酸控制的效果.方法 选取2018年3月～2019年8月在某院进行全程健康管理综合治疗的部队高尿酸血症特勤人员276例,并对其进行问卷测评,及全程健康管理干预.分别记录干预前后各项指标的变化情况.结果 干预前后特勤人员测评高尿酸血症产生病因、危害、危害因素、饮食调理、生活方式...     

3346名特勤人员窦性心动过缓分析

目的调查分析3346名特勤人员窦性心动过缓的特点,为其健康鉴定提供参考依据。方法采用十二导联同步心电图仪,采集男性健康疗养特勤人员(其中空勤3208名、海勤138名)心电图,然后进行相关波段测量分析。结果 (1)窦性心动过缓检出率为19.7%(661/3346),其中40～44次占1.1%(7/661),45～49次占5.0%(33/661),50～54次占25.3%(167/661),55～59次占68.7%(454/661)。(2)30岁以下者窦性心动过缓检出率较高(26.8%),不同年龄组比较,差异有显著性(P0.01)。(3)22.4%(148/661)的窦性心动过缓者伴有早期复极综合征,其中43.2%(64/148)同时合并左室高电压。(4)窦性心动过缓者无自觉症状,临床上亦无器质性心脏病证据,下蹲运动可使心率增快至90次以上。结论窦性心动过缓在特勤人员中比较常见,为迷走神经张力增高所致的生理性改变,可伴早期复极综合征和(或)左室高电压,无病理意义,临床上需与病理性异常相鉴别。     

军队疗养院特勤人员疗养的实践与思考

本文从特勤人员疗养需要入手,分析特勤人员疗养面临的形势和现状,提出特勤人员疗养的必要性。认为特勤人员必须有计划地安排健康疗养,达到消除疲劳、恢复体能,维护健康,巩固和提高部队战斗力的目的。疗养院应加强特勤疗养的建设和研究,积极探索特勤疗养管理的新模式,为特勤疗养建设和改革提供理论支持。     

特勤人员健康管理的现状与对策

本文阐述健康管理的理论内容以及国内外实行健康管理的现状;并针对目前特勤人员健康管理的状况,分析特勤人员健康管理的现状;论述特勤人员实施健康管理的战略设想,对实施特勤人员的健康管理,维护和改善特勤人员的健康水平,提高部队战斗力具有及其重要的军事效益和社会效益.     

焦虑、抑郁对创伤性骨折患者急性应激障碍的影响

摘要:目的　了解创伤性骨折患者急性应激障碍情况及其抑郁、焦虑与其的相关性,为采取应对措施提供依据。方法　对2014年5-10月唐山市骨科医院住院的创伤性骨折患者496例,采用一般资料、斯坦福急性应激反应问卷和医院焦虑抑郁量表进行调查。结果　496例患者SASRQ分均值为（32.09±25.01）分,133名患者存在急性应激障碍,占26.8%,性别、年龄、婚姻状况以及焦虑和抑郁进入回归方程,焦虑、抑郁在SASRQ总分及各个维度评分均大于非焦虑、抑郁者（焦虑、抑郁者SASRQ总分t分别为2.678,2.778,各维度t＝16.152～25.791）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论　焦虑和抑郁是创伤性骨折患者发生急性应激障碍的影响因素,应引起重视。     

Self-Reported Restrictive Eating,Eating Disorders,Menstrual Dysfunction,and Injuries in Athletes Competing at Different Levels and Sports

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of self-reported restrictive eating, current or past eating disorder, and menstrual dysfunction and their relationships with injuries. Furthermore, we aimed to compare these prevalences and associations between younger (aged 15–24) and older (aged 25–45) athletes, between elite and non-elite athletes, and between athletes competing in lean and non-lean sports. Data were collected using a web-based questionnaire. Participants were 846 female athletes representing 67 different sports. Results showed that 25%, 18%, and 32% of the athletes reported restrictive eating, eating disorders, and menstrual dysfunction, respectively. Higher rates of lean sport athletes compared with non-lean sport athletes reported these symptoms, while no differences were found between elite and non-elite athletes. Younger athletes reported higher rates of menstrual dysfunction and lower lifetime prevalence of eating disorders. Both restrictive eating (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.02–1.94) and eating disorders (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.31–2.73) were associated with injuries, while menstrual dysfunction was associated with more missed participation days compared with a regular menstrual cycle (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.05–3.07). Our findings indicate that eating disorder symptoms and menstrual dysfunction are common problems in athletes that should be managed properly as they are linked to injuries and missed training/competition days.     

Associations among Omega-3 Fatty Acid Status,Anxiety, and Mental Toughness in Female Collegiate Athletes

Objective: Poor omega-3 fatty acid status has been linked to anxiety in the general population, but scarce data are available describing omega-3 fatty acid levels in athletes and their associations with anxiety and mental toughness.

Methods: Whole blood samples were obtained from 54 female collegiate athletes and analyzed for fatty acids as a part of this cross-sectional observational study. Participants also completed a food frequency questionnaire on the intake of omega-3 fatty acids, as well as the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS)-2, and Mental Toughness Scale (MTS). Measures were collected during the athletes' off-season. Spearman's rho coefficients were used to examine the associations between fatty acid levels and psychological scores.

Results: Blood levels of the HS-Omega-3 Index® (rho = ?0.32, p = 0.02), eicosapentaenoic acid (rho = ?0.40, p = 0.003), and docosapentaenoic acid (rho = ?0.33, p = 0.02) were negatively correlated with BAI scores. Likewise, dietary intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (rho = ?0.38, p = 0.007) and docosahexaenoic acid (rho = ?0.35, p = 0.02) were negatively correlated with BAI scores. Blood docosapentaenoic acid was positively correlated with MTS (rho = 0.27, p = 0.049). None of the dietary or blood fatty acids were significantly correlated with SAS-2 scores.

Conclusions: Both blood and dietary omega-3 fatty acid levels are associated with general but not sport-specific anxiety in female collegiate athletes during an off-season period. Randomized trials should be conducted to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on anxiety and mental toughness in athletes.     

Anxiety,Self-Esteem and Coping with Stress in Secondary School Students in Relation to Involvement in Organized Sports

Aim

The objective of the study was to examine self-esteem, anxiety level and coping strategies among secondary school students in relation to their involvement in organized sports.

Methods

The sample included 280 Slovenian male and female secondary school students aged between 15 and 19 years. The participants completed The Adolescent Coping Scale, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the PSDQ Selfesteem Scale.

Results

Participants engaged in organized sports exhibited higher self-esteem scores and lower anxiety scores in comparison to non-sport participants. Differences between the two groups have also been identified with respect to the use of certain coping strategies. Sport participants reported more productive coping than non-sport participants, which represents an active and problem-focused approach to dealing with everyday problems. Gender differences in the referred variables have also been studied, with female athletes exhibiting higher levels of anxiety than male athletes. Female participants were also found to use more non-productive coping than males, focused mainly on reducing emotional effects of stress.

Conclusions

Organized youth sports have an important role in improving and maintaining a favorable sense of self-worth, reducing anxiety, and promoting productive coping strategies in adolescents when dealing with everyday problems.     

慢性乙肝患者焦虑抑郁情绪的社会支持相关性与护理

目的分析慢性乙肝患者焦虑、抑郁情绪与社会支持的相关性。方法应用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和领悟社会支持量表（VSSS）对2010年3月1日至2010年6月1日在我院感染科住院确诊的慢性乙型肝炎患者35例进行问卷调查,并对慢性乙肝患者焦虑、抑郁情绪与社会支持的相关性进行分析。结果慢性乙肝患者焦虑的发生率为40％．SAS总分值50．61±10．215;慢性乙肝患者抑郁的发生率为60％,SDS总分值53．39±13．547。两者与国内常模比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,且焦虑、抑郁情绪与社会支持成负相关。结论慢性乙肝患者的焦虑、抑郁发生率较正常人群高,而且与社会支持紧密相关,有必要为乙肝患者提供良好的社会支持系统及心理护理。     

中专女生生活事件、应对方式与抑郁、焦虑情绪的关系

目的了解中专女生生活事件发生率、应激强度以及应对方式与抑郁、焦虑症状的关系和相互作用，为加强中专学生心理卫生教育提供科学依据。方法对某市2所中专学校1602名在校女生进行无记名问卷调查。焦虑、抑郁症状的评定采用Zung编制的焦虑自评量表（SAS）和流调中心用抑郁自评量表（CES—D），生活事件评定采用青少年自评生活事件量表（ASLES），应对方式采用特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）进行评定。结果中专女生抑郁症状检出率为32．46％，焦虑症状检出率为13．92％。较常发生的生活事件为人际关系、学习压力和健康适应方面的问题，有明显抑郁、焦虑症状女生的生活事件应激强度明显高于无明显症状者，其积极应对较少而消极应对的倾向大。应激量高、消极应对水平高的女生抑郁与焦虑症状共存的检出率高。高年级、积极应对是抑郁症状的保护因素，消极应对是抑郁、焦虑症状的危险因素。结论中专女生抑郁、焦虑发生情况不容乐观，负性生活事件发生频度较大，生活事件、应对方式和负性情绪之间存在统计学关联。     

建设基层哮喘专科提高医院经济效益

介绍了基层医院建立哮喘研治中心5年来取得的成效和经验教训。哮喘研治中心采用当今国际国内标准治疗方案，创造性地中西医结合，重点在坚持类固醇吸入预防发作，力求治本上。新疗法具有效果好、安全方便、费用低(仅相当于传统对症疗法的1／7)的优点。哮喘研治中心共治疗门诊及住院患者4000多例，临床控制率和显效率达80．0％以上。前2年，专科平均年创收65万元，约占全院业务收入的1／4，使内、儿科较专科前收入增加约4倍。近3年，专科总收入虽有下降，但人均收入仍高达10万元。专科还促进了主业的发展，1997年全院业务收入较1996年增加46．7％。作者认为，新形势下中小医院发展特色专科有其必要性和可行性，但必须使专科具有真正的科学性、先进性，并认真抓好，才会有长期稳定的社会效益和经济效益。     

小学生社交焦虑和孤独感与学业成绩的关系研究

目的研究小学生社交焦虑和孤独感与学业成绩的关系,为促进儿童心理健康提供依据。方法采用经修订的儿童社交焦虑、儿童孤独感量表,对成都市随机抽取的三、四、六年级小学生200名进行测查。结果社交焦虑和孤独感存在显著正相关,只有学业成绩在儿童社交焦虑和孤独感得分上存在主效应。学业成绩不同的学生在社交焦虑和孤独感上差异有统计学意义。差生的社交焦虑与孤独感显著高于优生和中等生,中等生社交焦虑最低,优生孤独感最低。结论差生的情绪情感状态和心理健康应引起教育者的重视。     

Feasibility and Diagnostic Validity of the M-3 Checklist: A Brief,Self-Rated Screen for Depressive,Bipolar, Anxiety,and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders in Primary Care

PURPOSE Mood and anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric conditions seen in primary care, yet they remain underdetected and undertreated. Screening tools can improve detection, but available instruments are limited by the number of disorders assessed. We wanted to assess the feasibility and diagnostic validity of the My Mood Monitor (M-3) checklist, a new, 1-page, patient-rated, 27-item tool developed to screen for multiple psychiatric disorders in primary care.METHODS We enrolled a sample of 647 consecutive participants aged 18 years and older who were seeking primary care at an academic family medicine clinic between July 2007 and February 2008. We used a 2-step scoring procedure to make screening more efficient. The main outcomes measured were the sensitivity and specificity of the M-3 for major depression, bipolar disorder, any anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a specific type of anxiety disorder. Using a split sample technique, analysis proceeded from determination of optimal screening thresholds to assessment of the psychometric properties of the self-report instrument using the determined thresholds. We used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview as the diagnostic standard. Feasibility was assessed with patient and physician exit questionnaires.RESULTS The depression module had a sensitivity of 0.84 and a specificity of 0.80. The bipolar module had a sensitivity of 0.88, and a specificity of 0.70. The anxiety module had a sensitivity of 0.82 and a specificity of 0.78, and the PTSD module had a sensitivity of 0.88 and a specificity of 0.76. As a screen for any psychiatric disorder, sensitivity was 0.83 and specificity was 0.76. Patients took less than 5 minutes to complete the M-3 in the waiting room, and less than 1% reported not having time to complete it. Eighty-three percent of clinicians reviewed the checklist in 30 or fewer seconds, and 80% thought it was helpful in reviewing patients’ emotional health.CONCLUSIONS The M-3 demonstrates utility as a valid, efficient, and feasible tool for screening multiple common psychiatric illnesses, including bipolar disorder and PTSD, in primary care. Its diagnostic accuracy equals that of currently used single-disorder screens and has the additional benefit of being combined into a 1-page tool. The M-3 potentially can reduce missed psychiatric diagnoses and facilitate proper treatment of identified cases.     

Hypersexual Desire in Males: An Operational Definition and Clinical Implications for Males with Paraphilias and Paraphilia-Related Disorders

The longitudinal history and temporal stability of total sexual outlet (TSO) in a group of outpatient males with paraphilias (PA) and paraphilia-related disorders (PRD) was assessed. Based on extant normative data from contemporary population-based surveys of sexual behavior, it was hypothesized that a persistent TSO of 7 or more orgasms/week for a minimum duration of 6 months be considered as the lower boundary for hypersexual desire in males. In almost all statistical analyses, the PA (n = 65) and PRD (n = 35) groups were not statistically different. The mean current TSO (PA, 7.4 ± 5.7; PRD, 8.0 ± 4.2) as well as the current average time consumed in all unconventional sexual behaviors (1–2 hr/day) were not statistically different. Unconventional sexual behaviors (i.e., related to PAs or PRDs) leading to orgasm constituted 77% of current TSO. In the combined group (n = 100), 72% (n = 72) reported a hypersexual TSO of 7 or greater. Age of onset of hypersexual TSO in the PAs (19.2 ± 6.8 years; range 10–43) and the PRDs (21.0 ± 8.6; range 10–46) and the duration of hypersexual TSO (PA, 11.1 ± 11.2 years; PRD, 10.5 ± 9.1) were not significantly different. Fifty-seven males (57%) reported a TSO of 7 or more for a minimum duration of 5 years. Clinical implications of reconceptualizing PAs and PRD as sexual desire disorders are discussed.