低氧预处理脐带间充质干细胞的旁分泌对成骨细胞功能的影响

目的：研究低氧预处理人脐带间充质干细胞（ umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,UCMSC）旁分泌作用对人成骨细胞（ MG－63）增殖、迁移及成骨的影响。方法分别于低氧及常氧条件下培养UCMSC,获取两种UCMSC条件培养基。实验分为3组：低氧培养基组、常氧培养基组、DMEM对照组,分别用3种不同的培养基常温培养MG－63。于培养1、3、5 d后用四氮唑盐（ mosmann tetrazoline colorimetry, MTT）比色法检测细胞增殖情况,记录各组的光密度值进行统计学分析;用划痕法检测细胞在不同培养条件下的迁移能力;于培养21 d后进行茜素红染色检测各组成骨钙结节的形成。酶联免疫吸附法（ ELISA）检测低氧及常氧条件培养基中血管内皮生长因子（ vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）的含量。结果 MTT法检测结果表明,低氧及常氧培养基组的MG－63细胞在培养1、3、5 d后的增殖能力均大于DMEM对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,且低氧组大于常氧组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;划痕法结果为此两组细胞迁移能力大于DMEM对照组,且低氧组细胞迁移能力大于常氧组;钙结节染色结果显示低氧组成骨钙结节形成最多,常氧组次之,DMEM对照组最少。 ELISA法检测低氧组VEGF含量高于常氧组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论低氧预处理UCMSC可增强其旁分泌功能,促进成骨细胞MG－63的增殖、迁移及成骨。     

脐带全层源间充质干细胞分离培养及向成软骨细胞分化的实验研究

目的从人脐带全层中分离培养间充质干细胞(MSCs),并进行成软骨诱导分化,为组织工程软骨和软骨损伤后修复提供种子细胞。方法采用胶原酶消化法从脐带全层中分离培养间充质干细胞,显微镜下观察细胞形态,细胞计数法绘制细胞生长曲线,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期及细胞表型,采用微团细胞培养在软骨诱导液中向软骨细胞分化,阿尔辛蓝及甲苯胺蓝染色检测细胞分化情况,RT-PCR法检测诱导后细胞表达聚集蛋白聚糖(ACAN)基因情况。结果人脐带全层来源的MSCs呈成纤维样形态漩涡状贴壁生长,细胞高表达HLA-I类分子、CD73、CD90、CD166及CD105,不表达CD34、CD45、CD14、CD31、CD80、CD86及HLA-DR。细胞诱导分化21d后,阿尔辛兰及甲苯胺蓝染色阳性;RT-PCR检测诱导后的细胞表达ACAN,而对照组无表达。结论人脐带全层为成体MSCs提供一种新而方便的来源,人脐带间充质干细胞(hucMSCs)体外培养能够向软骨细胞分化。     

3D培养人脐带间充质干细胞来源的外泌体对成骨细胞分化的作用

目的 比较三维立体(3D)培养与传统贴壁培养(2D)人脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSCs)来源的外泌体促进成骨细胞分化能力的差异，探索前者在促进骨形成相关治疗中应用的可能性。方法 将hUC-MSCs分为2D组与3D组分别进行培养，在普通光学显微镜下观察细胞的形态特征，同时应用钙黄绿素-AM/PI活死细胞双染法检测3D组细胞的活性；通过转录组测序筛选两组差异表达基因并进行GO富集分析。提取2D组与3D组细胞分泌的外泌体并分为2D外泌体(2D-Exo)组与3D外泌体(3D-Exo)组，通过透射电子显微镜、纳米颗粒跟踪分析及Western blotting对外泌体进行表征。在体外应用2D-Exo及3D-Exo干预乳鼠颅骨成骨细胞并进行成骨诱导分化，通过茜素红染色、碱性磷酸酶染色及RT-qPCR鉴定2D-Exo、3D-Exo对成骨分化能力的影响。结果 与2D组比较，3D组细胞大小均等，聚拢成球形生长；钙黄绿素-AM/PI活死细胞双染可见3D培养的hUC-MSCs具有较高活性；转录组测序结果显示，与2D组比较，3D组上调基因富集于骨矿化、软骨发育、细胞外基质的组成、成骨细胞分化、血管生成、细胞增...     

人根尖牙乳头干细胞条件培养基体外诱导成牙分化的研究

目的 探讨人根尖牙乳头干细胞(conditional medium of stem cells from apical papilla,SCAP-CM)条件培养基诱导牙髓细胞成牙分化的作用.方法 从人新鲜拔除的离体牙中,分离培养根尖牙乳头干细胞,收集其在常氧和低氧环境下培养的条件培养基[SCAP-CM(N)和SCAP-...     

siRNA沉默EPAS1基因对低氧条件下大鼠PASMCs增殖的影响

目的 探讨应用siRNA技术沉默EPAS1 (HIF-2α)基因表达对低氧条件下培养的大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)增殖的影响.方法 原代培养大鼠PASMCs共采用免疫荧光法进行鉴定.构建特异性EPAS1 siRNA脂质体,转染PASMCs,从3个干扰靶点中选取效果最好的靶点进行干扰;在常氧(37℃、5％CO2、20％O2)和低氧(37℃、5％CO2、2％O2)条件下分别培养24、48、72h,采用Western blotting检测PASMCs中EPAS1、VEGF蛋白的表达水平,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖情况.结果 成功分离培养原代大鼠PASMCs并经免疫荧光鉴定证实.将特异性的EPAS1 siRNA脂质体转染到PASMCs,选择干扰效果最好的靶点2进行干扰.与常氧条件比较,低氧条件下PASMCs中VEGF蛋白的表达及细胞增殖水平均明显升高;沉默EPAS1后,无论低氧还是常氧条件下,PASMCs中VEGF蛋白的表达及细胞增殖水平均明显降低.结论 EPAS1基因参与了低氧条件下大鼠PASMCs增殖的调控,其调节可能是通过VEGF介导完成的.     

二甲氧乙二酰甘氨酸对长期低氧状态下成骨细胞结构及功能改变的调控研究

目的:通过二甲氧乙二酰甘氨酸预处理激活低氧诱导因子-1,探讨低氧状态下成骨细胞矿化及超微结构影响的调控作用.方法:获取大鼠颌面部成骨细胞,分别在低氧含量(2％O2)、常规氧含量(21％O2)及低氧含量(2％O2)+二甲氧乙二酰甘氨酸条件下进行培养,在不同培养时间分别检测成骨细胞表达的矿化、碱性磷酸酶的表达及细胞超微结构的改变.结果:加入二甲氧乙二酰甘氨酸后细胞在长期低氧状态下分泌碱性磷酸酶的能力以及钙结节形成能力无明显降低.讨论:二甲氧乙二酰甘氨酸可促进低氧状态下成骨细胞低氧诱导因子-1的高表达,有利于低氧状态下成骨细胞的结构与功能恢复,可加快成骨细胞骨形成能力.     

RGS4在HUEVCs凋亡中的作用及地塞米松对其的影响

目的研究RGS4对常氧和低氧培养条件下HUEVC细胞凋亡的影响及地塞米松在其中的作用,以探讨RGS4在HUEVC细胞凋亡中的作用及地塞米松处理对其的影响。方法采用O2／N2／CO2三气培养箱模拟常氧和低氧条件培养HUEVC细胞,RGS4真核表达载体转染HUEVC细胞后采用流式细胞仪（Annexin-V-FITC-PI法）检测细胞凋亡。结果常氧条件下RGS4转染细胞和地塞米松处理对细胞凋亡无明显影响,低氧培养条件下细胞凋亡增加（P〈0．01）,RGS4转染后可使HUEVC细胞凋亡显著减少（P〈0．01）,地塞米松和RGS4同时处理后HUEVC细胞的凋亡与单纯RGS4转染无显著差别。结论RGS4不影响常氧条件下的HUEVC细胞凋亡,但可明显抑制低氧条件下的HUEVC细胞凋亡,地塞米松抑制细胞凋亡的作用可能与RGS4有关或者通过相同的细胞信号通路抑制低氧条件下的细胞凋亡。     

高表达低氧诱导因子-1对成骨细胞增殖及细胞周期的调控研究

目的探讨低氧情况下高表达低氧诱导因子HIF-1对成骨细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响。方法获取大鼠颌面部成骨细胞,分别在低氧含量(2%O2)、常规氧含量(21%O2)及低氧含量(2%O2)+二甲氧乙二酰甘氨酸(DMOG)条件下进行培养,在不同培养时间分别检测成骨细胞表达的增殖能力、细胞周期变化及HIF-1蛋白的表达。结果在低氧情况下,成骨细胞增殖活性降低,细胞周期分析可见处于分裂期细胞减少,加入DMOG后细胞的HIF-1蛋白处于高表达,细胞增殖特性与常规氧含量相比无统计学差异。结论 DMOG可促进低氧状态下成骨细胞低氧诱导因子-1的高表达,有利于低氧状态下成骨细胞的增殖活性回复,可加快骨生长,为骨缺损的治疗开辟了新途径。     

骨髓间充质干细胞条件培养基对INS-1细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨骨髓间充质干细胞条件培养基(BMSC-CM)对促炎因子诱导大鼠胰岛素瘤细胞(INS-1)凋亡的影响及其作用机制.方法 培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)至第3代,收集、浓缩其上清液,获得富含BMSCs分泌因子的条件培养基.用含促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IFN-γ的培养基处理INS-1细胞48h,造成炎症损伤β细胞模型,加入不同浓度的BMSC-CM继续培养12h,所获细胞分为以下5组:正常对照组,促炎因子组,1×BMSC-CM组,2×BMSC-CM组,4× BMSC-CM组.采用CCK-8法检测INS-1细胞存活率,膜连蛋白V/碘化丙啶(Annexin V/PI)检测细胞凋亡率,二氯荧光素双醋酸盐(DCFH-DA)检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)的生成量.结果 与正常对照组相比,促炎因子组INS-1细胞存活率下降至正常对照组的75.84％±1.53％,细胞凋亡率增加(17.23％±1.77％),细胞内ROS水平明显升高(34.3％±0.80％),差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).而BMSC-CM有效对抗了促炎因子导致的INS-1细胞损伤,其作用呈剂量依赖性,4×BMSC-CM组效果最佳,该组INS-1细胞存活率较促炎因子组升高了11.86％,达到87.7％±2.08％,细胞凋亡率下降至8.67％±1.59％,ROS生成量减少至17.1％±2.14％,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 BMSC-CM可抑制促炎因子诱导的INS-1细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与BMSC-CM降低细胞内ROS水平有关.     

模拟高住低练对大鼠外周血内皮祖细胞增殖能力的影响

目的:观察体外原代培养模拟高住低练后大鼠外周血内皮祖细胞的生长情况,探讨低氧与运动复合刺激对其增殖能力的影响。方法:选用健康雄性SD大鼠24只,随机分为4组:常氧居住组,低氧居住组,常氧训练组和高住低练组。低氧居住组采用递减氧浓度刺激,常氧训练组采用递增负荷跑台训练,高住低练组采用递减氧浓度刺激和递增负荷跑台训练,每周训练6天,为期8周。方案结束后12h提取大鼠外周血,采用密度梯度离心法分离外周血得到单个核细胞,以条件培养基对其体外培养诱导分化获取内皮祖细胞,通过双荧光染色法观察细胞对乙酰化低密度脂蛋白的摄取和与荆豆凝集素1的结合以及形态学特征鉴定内皮祖细胞。倒置显微镜下计数贴壁细胞数量和集落数目以反映细胞增殖情况。结果:与常氧居住组相比,其余三组贴壁细胞数量和集落数目显著增加(P<0.01),高住低练组贴壁细胞数量显著高于常氧训练组和低氧居住组(P<0.01),常氧训练组贴壁细胞数量与低氧居住组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:低氧和运动都能促进内皮祖细胞增殖,低氧和运动复合刺激效果更明显。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）