运动、Adropin与代谢性疾病研究进展

Adropin是一种调节机体能量稳态的分泌蛋白,在调控机体代谢过程中发挥重要作用。研究发现,Adropin可能参与肥胖、2型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、动脉粥样硬化等代谢性疾病的发生发展。近些年来的研究表明,Adropin的表达受运动调控,并在改善机体代谢紊乱的过程中发挥作用。本综述通过总结运动、Adropin与代谢性疾病研究进展,分析其潜在作用机制,为运动干预防治代谢相关疾病提供新的方向和理论基础。     

冠状动脉周围脂肪组织与动脉粥样硬化的关系：生物学到影像学进展

【摘要】近年来,冠状动脉周围脂肪组织（PCAT）已经成为心血管疾病中具有独特生物学意义的诊断指标之一。在生理解剖中PCAT是最接近血管壁的脂肪组织,它通过旁分泌途径及滋养血管分泌机制形成的促炎信号,调节血管周围炎症及血管重构,从而影响冠状动脉粥样硬化发展的进程。动脉粥样硬化形成是心脑血管疾病发生的病理学基础。因此,PCAT无论数量还是质量都是决定心脏代谢风险的关键因素,在心血管诊断与治疗方面具有重要的临床意义。本文就PCAT在冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块形成及演变过程中所发生的生物学行为及影像学研究现状与进展进行综述。     

基于CT影像组学在冠状动脉周围脂肪中的研究

【摘要】冠状动脉周围脂肪组织（PCAT）是一种独特的,具有高度多样化的分泌组织,与相邻血管壁双向作用,在血管炎症时通过改变其表型促进动脉粥样硬化的发生。传统的心脏CT血管造影(CCTA)通过PCAT衰减变化来检测斑块周围炎症变化,而机器学习和影像组学特征的提取有利于对PCAT生物学变化进行识别,对患者风险分层、针对性的预防策略以及疾病管理具有重要的临床意义。本文就PCAT在心血管疾病中的生物学作用、影像学评估方法以及影像组学在PCAT应用中的研究现状作一综述。     

脂肪组织在胰岛素抵抗中的作用及其运动调控

脂肪组织为调节能量代谢稳态的主要器官之一,一方面,脂肪组织可通过脂肪合成、脂肪动员储存或释放能量,应对进食、运动、饥饿等代谢应激;另一方面,脂肪组织可通过分泌脂肪因子调控摄食行为、能量消耗、胰岛素敏感性等。脂肪组织对健康与疾病起双向调控作用,随着内脏脂肪含量的增加,胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化等风险相应地提高。本文通过氧化应激、慢性炎症、表观遗传学等视角剖析脂肪组织与胰岛素抵抗的关系,总结脂肪组织对运动训练的积极应答和相关机制。     

骨髓脂肪在骨质代谢中的作用及其相关机制

随着人的年龄增长,骨髓组织会发生一系列骨生物学和病理生理学的代谢变化,间充质干细胞的成骨/成脂化过程构成骨质代谢的主要部分,骨髓组织为间充质干细胞和造血干细胞的分化成熟提供独特的生长环境。骨髓脂肪细胞异常增多是导致骨质疏松等疾病的重要因素之一,诸多细胞因子、激素分子通过复杂的信号通路网络作用于这个过程。就骨髓脂肪在骨质代谢中发挥的作用及其可能的发生机制予以综述。     

黄芪甲苷对哮喘模型小鼠气道炎症及IL-22的影响

目的 观察白介素22(IL-22)在哮喘模型中的作用,研究黄芪甲苷(AS-Ⅳ)对哮喘小鼠模型气道炎症及IL-22的调控作用,探讨AS-Ⅳ治疗哮喘的作用机制.方法 32只4周龄BALB/c小鼠随机分为对照组、哮喘组、布地奈德(BUD)组和AS-Ⅳ组4组,用卵清蛋白(OVA)致敏、激发小鼠以制备哮喘模型.小鼠肺组织行HE及AB-PAS染色,进行气道炎症评分,ELISA法检测4组小鼠肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中IL-22的水平,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测小鼠肺组织中IL-22 mRNA的表达水平,流式细胞术检测小鼠脾单细胞悬液中Th22的比例.结果 与对照组相比,哮喘小鼠肺组织炎症评分增加(P<0.05),BALF中IL-22水平增高(P<0.01),肺组织中IL-22 mRNA表达水平升高(P<0.01),脾单细胞悬液中Th22比例增加(P<0.01),差异具有统计学意义.给予BUD及AS-Ⅳ治疗后,小鼠气道炎症评分降低(P<0.05),IL-22 mRNA的表达水平及Th22细胞的比例均较哮喘组降低(P<0.01),差异具有统计学意义.结论 AS-Ⅳ对哮喘气道炎症发挥治疗性作用,这可能与AS-Ⅳ通过抑制Th22细胞分化、抑制IL-22的表达和分泌有关.     

Th17细胞与肿瘤

传统上将Th细胞分为Th1和Th2两个细胞亚群,分别在细胞免疫和体液免疫应答中发挥重要作用.近年来,新的免疫学理论进一步扩展了Th细胞亚群的种类,目前普遍公认,初始CD4＋T细胞在不同细胞因子及作用条件下,可分化为Th1、Th2、调节性T（regulatory T,Treg）细胞和Th17四个Th细胞亚群,它们分别受不同转录因子的调控,在体内发挥不同的生物学功能.Th17细胞主要特征性分泌IL-17来介导体内炎症反应、自身免疫疾病,并在肿瘤的免疫反应中发挥着重要的作用[1].研究Th17细胞的分化机制以及在肿瘤免疫中的作用,对寻求治疗肿瘤的靶点具有非常重要的意义.     

天然化合物治疗糖尿病的研究进展

糖尿病是由于胰岛素分泌缺陷和（或）其生物学作用障碍引起的以高血糖为特征的代谢紊乱性疾病，包括糖类、脂肪和蛋白质代谢的异常。由于胰岛素和口服化学合成药存在副作用，使得天然降血糖药日益受到糖尿病患者的青睐。本文综述了在利用天然化合物治疗糖尿病及其并发症方面的研究发展。     

运动与代谢性炎症反应——有氧运动改善机体代谢机制研究进展

最新研究认为,机体脂肪组织除了储存能量之外,还是分泌多种脂肪因子的重要内分泌器官。脂肪组织功能失调常伴发肥胖、胰岛素抵抗等代谢性疾病,其原因可能与机体代谢性炎症反应有关。机体在肥胖状态下血液中的单核巨噬细胞进入组织内分化为M1型促炎巨噬细胞,M1型巨噬细胞可释放多种细胞因子并作用于体内胰岛素敏感细胞,抑制细胞胰岛素信号敏感性。同时,血液中淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞等也可通过影响巨噬细胞的迁移及活化而发挥代谢调节作用。因此,巨噬细胞对于发展组织代谢性炎症及维持代谢状态至关重要。本综述总结目前国内外有关运动改变机体组织内多种转录调控因子从而影响巨噬细胞极化及代谢性炎症调控的研究进展,为揭示运动改善机体代谢状态的机制提供理论依据。     

瘦素对呼吸系统的影响及与肺部病变的研究进展

瘦素（leptin）是由脂肪细胞分泌的一种由167个氨基酸组成的具有广乏生物学活性的蛋白质，是肥胖基因（ob基因）的表达产物，其受体在肺组织中有广泛表达。日渐增多的研究表明其与多种肺部疾病密切相关。深入研究leptin的生物学活性及对肺部多种疾病的作用机制可为防治肺部难治性肺疾病提供新的策略或途径。本文就近年来有关瘦素对呼吸系统的作用及与肺部疾病关系的研究作一综述。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.