EZH2蛋白在非小细胞肺癌顺铂耐药中的作用及其机制研究

目的探讨Zeste基因增强子同源物2(enhancer of zeste homolog 2,EZH2)蛋白在非小细胞肺癌对顺铂耐药中的作用及其调控机制。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR（real-time quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR）检测人肺腺癌细胞株A549及其顺铂耐药株A549/DDP中EZH2、P21、Puma和Bad的mRNA表达差异。采用RNA干扰技术抑制细胞中的EZH2蛋白表达。通过细胞毒性实验检测细胞耐药性的改变。qRT-PCR检测抑制EZH2蛋白表达后A549/DDP细胞中P21、Puma和Bad的表达变化。流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的分布和变化。结果EZH2在A549/DDP中呈高表达。抑制EZH2蛋白表达后,顺铂对A549/DDP的IC50由（34.57±3.70）μmol/L降低至（18.91±2.07）μmol/L（P<0.05）;抑制EZH2蛋白表达后,A549/DDP中P21、Puma和Bad的mRNA表达均上调;抑制A549/DDP细胞EZH2蛋白表达后,G0/G1期细胞比例下降,G2/M期细胞增多(P<0.05),细胞发生G2/M期阻滞。结论EZH2蛋白参与介导了A549/DDP对顺铂的耐药;EZH2蛋白可能通过调控与细胞凋亡相关基因相关的凋亡通路诱导A549/DDP对顺铂的耐药;EZH2蛋白可能通过抑制P21表达、促进细胞周期进展及肿瘤增殖能力,诱导非小细胞肺癌对顺铂产生耐药。     

32P与顺铂联合应用对肺癌细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察^32P照射对肺腺癌细胞株A549细胞凋亡的影响及其机理。方法用^32P溶液对A549细胞进行内照射，用顺铂进行化疗。通过四唑盐(MTT)比色法计数、流式细胞术、透射电镜及免疫组织化学检测等方法，观察A549细胞的细胞存活率、细胞凋亡率、细胞超微结构改变及相关基因表达。结果随^32P放射性浓度和顺铂剂量增加，A549细胞存活率明显下降，且两者间存在协同作用；联合应用低剂量顺铂(2．5μg/ml)和低放射性浓度(555kSq／ml)^32P时，A549细胞存活率明显下降。细胞凋亡率上升，细胞超微结构改变，且在诱导细胞凋亡过程中，P53、bax基因表达上调，bcl-2／bax比值下调。结论低放射性浓度^32P溶液与顺铂联合应用，既能有效促进A549细胞凋亡，又能明显降低两者剂量．减少毒副作用．     

HDAC抑制剂MS-275诱导人肺腺癌细胞系A549基因表达谱分析

目的 研究HDAC抑制剂MS-275对人肺腺癌A549细胞基因表达谱的影响,探讨MS-275抗肿瘤的分子机制.方法 运用制备的包含8 064个人类基因的cDNA芯片检测MS-275诱导人肺腺癌A549细胞基因表达谱的变化.结果 MS-275(2μmol · L-1)处理A549细胞16h后,cDNA芯片分析筛选出MS-275对A549细胞的影响基因803个,其中上调基因440个,下调基因363个,其中包括许多与细胞凋亡、细胞分化、DNA修复等相关基因如p21、DR6.结论 MS-275通过外源性凋亡信号、内源性凋亡信号和细胞周期阻滞等多种分子机制诱导A549细胞凋亡.     

酪氨酸代谢物对肺癌细胞增殖、周期及化疗药物敏感性的影响

目的 探讨4种酪氨酸代谢物对肺癌细胞增殖、周期及化疗药物敏感性的影响.方法 不同浓度的酪氨酸代谢物——酪氨酸、4-羟苯丙酮酸(HPPA)、尿黑酸(HGA)、延胡索酸(FA)分别处理A549细胞,通过高内涵实时监测肺癌细胞的增殖,流式细胞仪检测肺癌细胞周期的变化及对化疗药物的敏感性,Western印迹检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax的表达.结果 4种酪氨酸代谢物对A549细胞的增殖及周期均无影响.HGA可降低吉非替尼(Gefitinib)诱导的A549细胞凋亡,抑制Bax表达,同时上调Bcl-2的表达水平;FA则可增加其诱导的A549细胞凋亡,促进Bax表达,同时下调Bcl-2的表达水平.酪氨酸和HPPA对Gefitinib诱导的细胞凋亡均无明显影响.结论HGA与FA可调节肺癌细胞化疗药物的敏感性,揭示了酪氨酸代谢通路对肺癌细胞的调控作用,为肿瘤代谢异常的研究奠定了基础.     

顺铂诱导肺腺癌A549细胞线粒体基因组及凋亡相关基因的差异表达

目的　探讨顺铂诱导肺腺癌A5 4 9细胞线粒体基因组及核凋亡相关基因的差异表达情况。方法　实验组A5 4 9细胞给予0 5 μg/ml顺铂作用 2 0h,同时设立空白对照组 ,用人线粒体基因组寡核苷酸芯片检测 2 6个靶基因的差异表达。用流式细胞技术分析细胞凋亡比例。结果　实验组A5 4 9细胞的细胞色素氧化酶亚单位Ⅰ(CoxⅠ)、12SrRNA以及半胱氨酸转运RNA(tRNA Cys)、天冬酰胺转运RNA(tRNA Asn)基因表达显著上调 ,促凋亡基因bax和另外 3个编码多肽基因、4个tRNA基因表达也有一定程度上调。实验组A5 4 9细胞凋亡率为 8 5 %± 0 78% ,显著高于对照组的 1 3%± 0 5 6 % (n=5 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　顺铂诱导能使残存的A5 4 9细胞mtDNA编码的部分基因表达增强 ,并可能通过对bax基因表达的上调促进细胞凋亡。     

曲古抑菌素A抑制肿瘤细胞增殖及提高p21基因表达

目的:探讨组蛋白乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古抑菌素A(TSA)对人肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用和机制.方法:选用3种人肿瘤细胞株,即白血病细胞株HL-60、非小细胞肺癌细胞株A549、乳癌细胞株MCF-7,采用MTT法检测TSA作用后肿瘤细胞的增殖状态;用流式细胞仪定量分析肿瘤细胞增殖周期的改变;用半定量RT-PCR法测定细胞周期相关基因p21的表达.结果:TSA能有效抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,呈剂量依赖性;在接近各细胞IC50浓度的TSA作用下,可使肿瘤细胞主要阻滞在G2/M期,而S期细胞明显减少;TSA作用48 h内即可引起细胞周期相关基因p21的表达显著增强.结论:TSA在体外能有效抑制多种人肿瘤细胞的生长,具有广谱抗肿瘤效应;其抗肿瘤生长机制可能是通过细胞周期阻滞和上调p21基因表达水平实现的.     

节律基因mClock在肿瘤实验化疗中的作用

目的 研究节律基因mClock在顺铂诱导小鼠Lewis肺癌细胞(LLC)凋亡中的作用.方法 体外采用12-十四酸佛波酯-13-乙酸盐(PMA)诱导LLC细胞近日节律,荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测细胞mClock基因的节律性表达.于诱导后不同时间点,顺铂(CDDP)处理细胞,24 h后四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)法和流式细胞术检测(FCM)其对细胞的增殖与凋亡的影响.采用脂质体介导方法将mClock基因转染至LLC细胞,顺铂处理细胞,24 h后MTT法和流式细胞术检测其对细胞的增殖与凋亡的影响.结果 PMA作用LLC后,mClock基因呈现节律性表达.PMA诱导LLC节律表达的不同时间点,细胞对顺铂的敏感性不同.mClock过表达使顺铂作用后LLC凋亡率下降,细胞增殖明显.结论 mClock能够抑制顺铂诱导LLC的凋亡.     

一条肺癌多药耐药相关基因的功能鉴定及染色体定位

目的 进一步分析从肺癌多药耐药细胞株(SPC-A-1／CDDP)克隆出的差异表达基因染色体的定位,并鉴定其耐药相关功能。方法 登录美国国家生物技术信息中心网(www.ncbi．nlm．nih．gov),根据克隆的目的基因序列数据,查询人类基因库,分析确定该基因在人类染色体上的位置。以DNA重组技术构建该目的基因的反义表达载体。电穿孔法将其转染多药耐药细胞株SPC-A-1／CDDP,采用半定量RT-PCR研究该基因表达受抑情况,并以MTT法分析转染细胞对几种化疗药物的敏感性改变。结果 电子信息学确定该目的基因定位在人类染色体的19q13．3～19q13．4位点上。成功构建该基因的反义表达载体,转染反义表达载体的SPC-A-1／CDDP细胞的目的基因mRNA含量明显减少,即基因表达受抑。MTT药敏测试发现转染了反义表达载体的SPC-A-1／CDDP细胞对顺铂、阿霉素、5-氟尿嘧啶、长春新碱、足叶乙苷和丝裂霉素6种化疗药物的耐药指数分别是3．87、3．28、6．71、2．65、2．11、5．02;对前五种化疗药物的耐药指数与对照细胞相比分别下降了2～3倍。表明该基因与肿瘤细胞的化疗敏感性密切相关。结论 该差异表达基因是一条肺癌耐药相关新基因,其在人类染色体的位置为19q13．3～19q13．4。     

白英水提物诱导人卵巢癌A2780细胞bcl-2基因表达的影响

目的：观察白英水提物诱导人卵巢癌A2780细胞凋亡的作用,初步探讨其分子机制。方法：常规方法制备白英水提物,体外培养人卵巢癌A2780细胞,MTT法提示其有较强的体外抑制A2780细胞作用。采用半定量RT—PCR法检测凋亡相关基因bcl-2表达。实验组设白英水提物12．5、25．0、50．0mg／ml 3种浓度,以顺铂（25．0μg／ml）为阳性对照组。结果：白英水提物对A2780细胞增殖有抑制作用,且呈明显的量效关系,半定量RT—PCR法检测显示bcl-2 mRNA表达下调,诱导其发生凋亡。结论：白英水提物对A2780细胞有较强的增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用,其诱导A2780细胞凋亡的分子机制可能与下调bcl-2基因表达有关。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.