脂联素对血管紧张素Ⅱ介导的心肌细胞凋亡的干预作用

目的 探讨脂联素对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡的干预作用及其机制.方法 体外培养乳鼠心肌细胞,采用α-肌动蛋白免疫荧光法进行细胞鉴定.将心肌细胞分为3组:对照组、AngⅡ组、AngⅡ+脂联素组,分别采用流式细胞术检测心肌细胞的凋亡状态及细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平,Western blotting检测凋亡相关基因Bax、Bcl-2的表达变化.结果 1μmol/L AngⅡ可明显诱导乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡,凋亡率达26.0%,伴有Bax蛋白表达增加、Bcl-2蛋白表达减少以及ROS水平增高(P<0.05);加入30mg/L的脂联素后可明显抑制细胞凋亡的发生,凋亡率降至8.0%左右,同时伴有Bax表达减少,Bcl-2的表达增加以及ROS水平的降低(P<0.05).结论 脂联素可减轻AngⅡ导致的心肌细胞凋亡,这一作用可能是通过增加心肌细胞Bax和ROS的表达,减少Bcl-2的表达来实现的.     

GDF11对糖尿病小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞细胞凋亡的影响及其信号机制

 目的 探讨生长分化因子11(GDF11)对糖尿病小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)细胞凋亡的影响及其信号机制。方法 复苏BMSCs并将其分为4组:正常小鼠BMSCs组(Nor),糖尿病小鼠BMSCs组(DB),GDF11干预组(DB+GDF11;GDF11),抑制剂组(DB+GDF11+ LY294002;LY)。各组细胞培养3 d后,台盼蓝染色观察细胞凋亡率。Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2和磷酸化(p)-PI3K、p-Akt的表达水平。结果 与正常小鼠BMSCs相比,糖尿病小鼠BMSCs细胞凋亡率显著升高[(36.2±3.3)% vs. (3.1±1.1)%,P＜0.05];GDF11可降低糖尿病小鼠BMSCs细胞凋亡率[(18.9±1.9)% vs. (36.2±3.3)%,P＜0.05],提高Bcl-2/Bax的蛋白表达比[(1.63±0.10) vs. (0.26±0.09);P＜0.05],同时激活PI3K[p-PI3K/PI3K:(0.98±0.08) vs. (0.42±0.11);P＜0.05]/Akt[p-Akt/Akt:(0.94±0.10) vs. (0.32±0.15);P＜0.05]信号通路。而且,当抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路后,GDF11抑制糖尿病小鼠BMSCs凋亡的作用明显减弱[细胞凋亡率:(41.1±3.9)% vs. (18.9±1.9)%,P＜0.05]。结论 GDF11可通过激活PI3K/Ak信号通路抑制糖尿病小鼠BMSCs细胞凋亡。     

脂联素对高糖环境下人肾小管上皮细胞凋亡及氧化应激水平的影响

目的探讨脂联素对体外高糖环境下培养的人近曲肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2细胞)凋亡及氧化应激水平的影响。方法将人近曲肾小管上皮细胞分为3组:正常对照组(5.5mmol/L D-葡萄糖)、高糖组(30.0mmol/L D-葡萄糖)、高糖+脂联素组(30.0mmol/L D-葡萄糖+2.5μg/ml脂联素),各组细胞分别培养24、48、72h后,采用流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡率,黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量,实时荧光定量PCR测定细胞血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)及衔接蛋白p66Shc mRNA表达水平。结果与正常对照组相比,高糖组细胞凋亡率增高,细胞培养液内SOD活性下降,MDA含量增高,同时诱导细胞HO-1及p66Shc mRNA表达上调,且呈时间依赖性(P<0.05)。与高糖组相比,高糖+脂联素组细胞凋亡受到抑制,细胞培养液内SOD活性增高,MDA含量降低,细胞HO-1 mRNA表达进一步增强,而p66Shc mRNA表达降低,呈时间依赖性(P<0.05)。结论随时间延长,高糖环境可引起HK-2细胞过度凋亡和高水平氧化应激;脂联素可通过延缓细胞凋亡和抑制氧化应激来发挥对肾脏的保护作用。     

大鼠皮层神经元机械性损伤模型中p75NTR、Bax、Bcl -2表达及细胞凋亡

目的 研究大鼠神经元机型性损伤后p75 NTR、Bax、Bcl -2表达改变及神经细胞凋亡情况,分别探讨其在神经元凋亡过程中的作用机制及相互作用方式. 方法 制备大鼠神经元体外培养机械性损伤模型,测定损伤后神经元细胞的凋亡率,依据不同损伤程度分为轻、中、重度损伤组和对照组,应用特异性抗体细胞免疫法检测各组别间神经元Bax、Bcl -2表达的差异.应用Western blot法检测各组间p75NTR蛋白表达水平的差异. 结果 损伤后神经元细胞的凋亡率明显高于正常对照组神经元.重度损伤组较中度损伤组和轻度损伤组显著升高(P＜0.05).机械性损伤各组均有Bax、Bcl -2的表达,且不同损伤程度组别间表达水平差异有统计学意义.重度损伤组Bax显著高于中度损伤组和轻度损伤组(P＜0.05). 结论 p75 NTR表达、Bax/Bcl -2比值与神经元凋亡密切相关.p75NTR早期表达可能是神经元损伤后细胞凋亡的因素之一,Bax、Bcl -2可能与这一过程相关.     

Effect of adiponectin on PPARa, ApoA5 and triglyceride in HepG2 cells and its mechanism

目的 研究过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)、载脂蛋白A5(ApoA5)在脂联素调控HepG2细胞内甘油三酯(TG)代谢中的作用,并初步探讨脂联素影响TG代谢的机制.方法 采用以含10％胎牛血清DMEM培养的HepG2细胞,分为对照组、溶剂组(加入0.1％ DMSO)、MK886组(5.0μmol/L MK886+0.1％ DMSO)、脂联素组(25μg/ml脂联素+0.1％ DMSO)、脂联素+MK886组(25μg/ml脂联素+5.0μmol/L MK886+0.1％ DMSO),24h后检测各组细胞内PPARα、ApoA5 m RNA和蛋白的表达水平及TG含量.结果 与对照组、溶剂组、脂联素+MK886组比较,MK886组HepG2细胞中PPARα、ApoA5 mRNA及蛋白表达明显降低(P＜0.01),TG含量明显升高(P＜0.01),而脂联素组PPARα、ApoA5 mRNA及蛋白表达明显升高(P＜0.01).TG含量明显降低(P＜0.05).对照组、溶剂组、脂联素+MK886组3组间比较,PPARα、ApoA5 mRNA和蛋白表达水平及TG含量差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 HepG2细胞中TG的代谢与PPARα、ApoA5密切相关.脂联素可能是通过促进PPARα及ApoA5的表达从而下调HepG2细胞内TG含量.     

脂联素对肝星状细胞抗肝纤维化及抑制细胞增殖的机制研究

目的 检测脂联素对肝星状细胞HSC-T6的抗纤维化作用,以及一氧化氮(NO)在其中的作用.方法 将HSC-T6细胞分为对照组、脂联素组(终浓度5μg/ml)、脂联素+L-NAME组(脂联素终浓度5μg/ml,L-NAME终浓度5mmol/L),分别于治疗24h后收集HSC-T6细胞,提取RNA和蛋白质行基因和蛋白表达的检测.另外,为检测脂联素与不同浓度L-NAME共同作用下iNOS基因的表达情况,将脂联素+L-NAME组根据L-NAME的浓度分为0.25、0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0和10.0mmol/L亚组,以上各组中脂联素均为5μg/ml.采用实时荧光定量PCR检测HSC内诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、I型胶原蛋白(chollagen I)和转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)基因的表达;western blotting法检测iNOS蛋白的表达;采用ELISA法检测HSC-T6培养基中NO代谢产物(硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐)的浓度;采用BrdU法检测HSC-T6细胞的增殖情况.结果 与对照组比较,脂联素作用下HSC-T6细胞内iNOS基因的表达显著升高(P<0.01),α-SMA、Chollagen I、TGF-β等基因的表达均显著下调(P<0.01),iNOS蛋白表达水平显著上调(P<0.05),细胞培养基中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的水平显著升高(P<0.05),细胞增殖显著受抑(P<0.01),上述对细胞增殖的抑制作用在NOS抑制剂L-NAME的作用下发生逆转.结论 脂联素可下调HSC-T6细胞内纤维化指标的表达,抑制细胞增殖,这种作用至少部分由NO介导.     

青年脑梗死患者血浆脂联素及同型半胱氨酸的水平及意义

目的探讨青年脑梗死患者血浆脂联素(APN)及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与脑梗死的关系。方法检测36例中青年脑梗死患者(观察组)和30名健康者(对照组)的血浆APN及Hcy水平及两组中低血浆脂联素及高同型半胱氨酸血症患者发生率,分析血浆APN与Hcy水平与急性期脑梗死的关系。结果观察组血浆APN水平明显低于健康对照组(P<0.01),而血浆Hcy水平则明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01)。观察组中高同型半胱氨酸血症发生率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而低血浆脂联素发生率则显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论血浆APN及Hcy可作为对有脑血管病倾向的中青年常规检查指标,对预测及判断脑血管病的治疗效果有一定意义。     

脂联素对HepG2细胞内PPARα、ApoA5表达和甘油三酯水平的影响及其机制探讨

目的研究过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)、载脂蛋白A5(ApoA5)在脂联素调控HepG2细胞内甘油三酯(TG)代谢中的作用,并初步探讨脂联素影响TG代谢的机制。方法采用以含10%胎牛血清DMEM培养的HepG2细胞,分为对照组、溶剂组(加入0.1%DMSO)、MK886组(5.0μmol/L MK886+0.1%DMSO)、脂联素组(25μg/ml脂联素+0.1%DMSO)、脂联素+MK886组(25μg/ml脂联素+5.0μmol/L MK886+0.1%DMSO),24h后检测各组细胞内PPARα、ApoA5 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平及TG含量。结果与对照组、溶剂组、脂联素+MK886组比较,MK886组HepG2细胞中PPARα、ApoA5 mRNA及蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.01),TG含量明显升高(P<0.01),而脂联素组PPARα、ApoA5 mRNA及蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.01),TG含量明显降低(P<0.05)。对照组、溶剂组、脂联素+MK886组3组间比较,PPARα、ApoA5 mRNA和蛋白表达水平及TG含量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 HepG2细胞中TG的代谢与PPARα、ApoA5密切相关。脂联素可能是通过促进PPARα及ApoA5的表达从而下调HepG2细胞内TG含量。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠脊髓损伤的抗凋亡机制

目的探讨骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）移植治疗大鼠脊髓损伤的潜在抗凋亡机制。方法成年雄性SD大鼠48只，随机分为对照组、模型组、治疗组，每组16只。模型组、治疗组采用改良Allen法建立大鼠下胸段脊髓损伤模型。造模后7d，于L4～L5间隙蛛网膜下腔向对照组及治疗组注射BMSCs，模型组注射同体积Hank缓冲液。术后评估大鼠后肢运动功能。以原位末端标记法（TUNEL）检测神经细胞凋亡，免疫组织化学染色法检测Bax、Bcl-2的表达。结果BMSCs移植后，治疗组动物后肢运动功能持续恢复。移植后14d，模型组TUNEL阳性细胞数量高于对照组和治疗组（P〈0．01），治疗组亦高于对照组（P〈0．01）；模型组Bax阳性细胞表达多于对照组和治疗组（P〈0．01），治疗组Bax阳性细胞表达多于对照组（P〈0.01），Bcl-2阳性细胞表达各组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。移植后28d，各组TUNEL阳性细胞数量均减少，模型组仍然高于对照组和治疗组，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）；各组Bax阳性细胞表达减少，各组间比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），Bcl-2阳性细胞表达变化不明显。结论BMSCs移植可改善脊髓损伤大鼠后肢运动功能，减少神经细胞凋亡，具有潜在抗凋亡作用，这一作用可能通过下调凋亡调控蛋白Bax表达而实现。     

脂联素对氯化钴诱导肾小管上皮细胞凋亡及炎症反应影响研究

目的 探讨脂联素对氯化钴诱导的肾小管上皮细胞凋亡及炎症反应的影响.方法 将人肾小管上皮细胞株HK-2细胞分入4组:正常对照组,用DME/F-12培养液培养细胞24 h;氯化钴诱导缺氧模型组,用含600.0μM氯化钴的培养液培养细胞24 h;单独脂联素处理组,用含2.5μg/ml脂联素的培养液培养细胞24 h;氯化钴+脂...     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.