中国流行的C基因型HBV稳定复制表达细胞系的建立

目的 建立中国流行的C基因型HBV的稳定复制表达细胞系.方法 从1例慢性乙肝患者血清中分离克隆得到1株C基因型病毒DNA全序列,以此为模板扩增产生1.3倍体HBV DNA,包含完整基因组(3.2kb)、从1825位点(polyA)至2599位点大小为775bp的3′端冗余序列,以及至1400位点大小为425bp的5′端冗余序列,将其连接改建重组后的pcDNA3.1(+)载体,构建pN31-51-6-1表达质粒,转染肝癌细胞系HepG2.采用ELISA检测HBsAg、HBeAg的瞬时表达情况,选择双高表达细胞孔进一步行G418筛选稳定表达细胞系.通过ELISA、免疫组化、直接免疫荧光流式细胞术以及HBV复制中间体核心颗粒DNA、细胞内cccDNA、分泌上清中病毒DNA的RT-PCR检测等方法评估稳定细胞克隆的复制表达情况.结果 获得1株具有高抗原表达和高复制能力的细胞克隆HepG2-51-6-1,已稳定传代26代.检测HBsAg、HBeAg吸光度(A)值分别为>3.5和1.29;直接免疫荧光流式细胞术证实细胞表面存在s抗原,免疫组化染色可见细胞内病毒表达.分泌到培养上清中的HBV DNA和细胞内的HBV复制中间体水平分别为2.0×104和5.5×105拷贝/ml,HBV cccDNA为6～8拷贝/细胞.结论 成功获得HBV-1.3倍体转染的C基因型HBV稳定复制表达细胞系,为研究我国流行HBV的生物特性和抗HBV新药筛选奠定了基础.     

1.1倍长乙型肝炎病毒基因组在Huh7细胞中的高效复制和表达

目的构建乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)1.1倍基因组长度的重组载体,研究其在人肝癌细胞系Huh7中的复制与表达。方法以慢性乙型肝炎患者C基因型HBV DNA为模板,用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增出HBV基因组的两条DNA片段,酶切后与载体连接成含HBV1.1倍基因组长度的重组载体。经PCR、酶切及测序鉴定后,将重组载体经FuGENEHD转染入Huh7细胞,用ELISA检测转染细胞培养上清液的HBsAg和HBeAg表达,用荧光定量PCR和Southern杂交检测HBV DNA的复制水平及复制中间体。结果经鉴定证实成功构建1.1倍基因组长度C基因型HBV重组载体,体外转染Huh7细胞48h后,培养上清液中检出HBsAg和HBeAg表达;转染72h后,荧光定量PCR检出较高的HBV DNA复制水平(107～109拷贝/ml);Southern杂交检出病毒复制中间体。结论构建的1.1倍长重组载体可以介导高水平的HBV病毒复制和基因表达,为进一步体外瞬时转染HBV表型耐药分析奠定基础。     

1.3拷贝C基因型HBV转基因小鼠的制备及检测

目的制备1.3拷贝C基因型HBV转基因小鼠,为乙肝的防治提供较好的动物模型。方法采用受精卵显微注射法,制备1.3拷贝C基因型HBV转基因小鼠;采用PCR、ELISA、荧光定量PCR和免疫组化方法检测HBV基因在转基因小鼠体内的整合、复制和表达情况。结果共注射受精卵2282枚,成活2024枚,注射成活率88.7%。共移植假孕雌鼠72只,59只怀孕,假孕雌鼠妊娠率81.9%。共产下F0代小鼠185只,PCR检测共有19只整合阳性,阳性率10.3%。血清荧光定量PCR结果显示,其中6只小鼠有HBV DNA复制,拷贝数为102~103拷贝/ml;经传代产下F1代小鼠96只,PCR检测HBV DNA阳性33只,阳性率34.4%。血清荧光定量PCR结果显示,其中10只小鼠有HBV DNA复制,拷贝数为102~103拷贝/ml;F0代和F1代小鼠随机分别各取3只进行肝脏和肾脏HBsAg免疫组化检测结果均为阳性,且肾脏表达高于肝脏。结论 1.3拷贝C基因可以在上述制备成功的C型HBV转基因小鼠体内复制和表达,并且可以遗传给下一代。     

不同基因型HBx对乙型肝炎病毒复制的影响

目的探讨A、B、C和D四个基因型乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白（hepatitis Bvirus Xprotein,HBx）对乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis Bvirus,HBV）复制的影响。方法构建含A、B、C和D四种基因型HBx的真核表达载体和提前终止HBx表达的突变型单倍体HBV表达系统,共转染至人肝肿瘤细胞系HepG2细胞,利用荧光素酶报告系统检测不同基因型HBx对HBV核心启动子的激活作用,利用酶联免疫法（ELISA）检测培养上清中HBV表面抗原（HBsAg）和e抗原（HBeAg）的表达情况,利用特异性引物PCR方法检测细胞中HBV前基因组RNA（pgRNA）和总RNA（pgRNA,2.2kb和0.8kbRNA）的转录情况。结果 A、B、C和D四种基因型HBx的表达均可显著激活HBV核心启动子活性,但不同基因型HBx的激活作用不同。除C基因型外,A、B和D三种基因型HBx均可显著增强HBsAg和HBeAg的胞外分泌水平。检测HBV复制中间产物发现,C基因型HBx对HBVpgRNA和总RNA转录水平的影响显著低于A、B和D基因型。结论不同基因型HBx对HBV复制的影响不同,为进一步研究HBV基因型与HBV复制能力以及临床病理表现的关系打下基础。     

血清HBsAg阴性和HBsAg阳性慢性活动性肝炎患者肝内HBV DNA的研究

用原位杂交法和ABG法对慢性活动性肝炎患者(以下称CAH)血清HBsAg阴性34例和阳性30例对比进行了肝内HBV DNA、HBcAg和HBsAg的检测。上述检出率在34例HBsAg阴性CAH者中分别为23.5％,23.5％和32.4％,30例HBsAg阳性者中分别为63.3％、56.7％和83.3％。结果表明,在我国,血清HBsAg阴性、HBV相关抗体阳性或阴性的CAH中,仍有少部分人肝内存在HBV DNA和HBV抗原表达,并与肝病发病机理有关。血清HBsAg阳性的CAH者中,无论血清HBeAg阳性,或抗HBe阳性、或HBeAg阴性,均有较高比例的肝内HBV DNA和HBV抗原检出。肝内HBcAg与肝内HBV DNA关系密切,可作为反映HBV活跃复制指标;肝内HBsAg则不然。     

靶向HBV C基因的siRNA在HepG2.2.15细胞中对HBV的抑制作用

目的研究靶向HBV C基因的短发夹状RNA(shRNA)表达质粒对HepG2.2.15细胞中HBV的抑制作用。方法设计构建两个靶向HBV C基因的shRNA表达质粒S1和S2,以及用于对照的非同源shRNA表达质粒S3。转染HepG2.2.15细胞后,通过RT-PCR和ELISA方法分别检测细胞中HBV C基因表达和细胞上清中HBV DNA、HBsAg和HBeAg表达。结果在转染后24 h时,HBV C基因mRNA表达量下降58%～83%,HBV DNA下降了2.44～3.36个log值,HBsAg和HBeAg的表达水平分别降低了51%～79%和50%～77%。S1、S2联合运用可以提高对HBV的抑制作用,而S3无抑制效果。结论靶向HBV C基因的shRNA表达质粒S1、S2及其联合运用,均能有效地抑制HepG2.2.15细胞中HBV的复制和表达。     

大肠杆菌合成的乙肝病毒核心抗原转化为e抗原的探索

在一些乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性的乙肝患者血清中出现e抗原(HBeAg)与血清中存在有大量Dane颗粒、高活力DNA聚合酶有关,说明乙肝病毒(HBV)的复制活跃,传染性强。凡血清中无HBeAg或有抗-HBe的人,一般来讲循环病毒较少,即其传染性较弱,所以检查HBeAg和抗-HBe在临床上具有重要的意义。科学家们对HBeAg的重视不仅在于它在临床和流行病学上的意义,同时也对它的结构与功能的关系感到兴趣。至今为止,HBeAg基因在HBV DNA序列上的位置尚未确定,HBeAg与核心抗原(HBcAg)结构间     

DDX41蛋白通过活化IRF3抑制乙型肝炎病毒的复制

目的 探讨含DEAD框解旋酶41 (DDX41)基因对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)复制能力的影响及其作用机制.方法 通过慢病毒包装将稳定过表达DDX41或特异敲低DDX41的短发卡RNA (shRNA)重组质粒转染至HepG2.2.15细胞系,筛选和建立稳定过表达或敲低DDX41的细胞株;通过CRISPR-Cas9技术构建敲除DDX41的HepG2.2.15细胞株;蛋白免疫印迹法检测DDX41蛋白表达水平以及通路验证;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)和乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)表达水平;实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测HBV复制相关DNA、RNA以及干扰素mRNA表达水平;Noahern印迹法检测HBV总RNA.结果 过表达DDX41可显著抑制HepG2.2.15细胞系中HBV的复制;而敲低或敲除DDX41可显著促进HepG2.2.15细胞系中HBV的复制.过表达DDX41可显著促进干扰素调节因子3(IRF3)的磷酸化和干扰素β(IFN-β)的表达;而敲低或敲除DDX41可显著抑制IRF3的磷酸化和IFN-β的表达.结论 在肝癌细胞系HepG2.2.15中,DDX41蛋白通过促进IRF3的磷酸化并诱导干扰素β的表达,进而发挥抑制HBV复制的功能.     

白细胞介素-18逆转录病毒载体的构建及抗乙型肝炎病毒的研究

研究鼠白细胞介素－18（IL－18）基因的转移、表达及其抗乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的作用。以逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）技术从受植物凝血素（PHA）和脂多糖（LPS）刺激BALB/c小鼠脾脏细胞中扩增出IL－18的cDNA，并构建表达IL－8基因的重组逆转录病毒载体pLXSN-IL-18，转染PA317细胞，以逆转录巢式RT－PCR方法，验证细胞培养液上清分泌的假病毒颗粒中IL－18的表达，将假病毒颗粒感染2．2．15细胞，酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测其上清HBsAg和HBeAg，定量检测HBV DNA。成功克隆出580bp的小鼠IL－18全基因并构建逆转录病毒载体，在转染PA317细胞的上清中检测出含IL－18假病毒颗粒，上清感染2．2．15细胞后第3、5、7、14天，HBsAg、HBeAg逐渐下降，到14天时HBsAg已变为阴性，对HBV DNA有明显抑制作用。IL－18能成功地在逆转录病毒载体中表达，并有抑制HBsAg、HBeAg表达的作用。     

大肠杆菌合成的HBcAg转化为HBeAg的研究及其应用

乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)是乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的血清学标志之一,同时又是乙型肝炎诊断上的一种重要的生物制剂。HBV感染之后,血清中最早出现的是乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)和HBeAg。HBeAg的出现表明HBV仍进行活跃地复制,此时传染性最强。HBeAg一般在HBsAg消失之前消失,如果持续阳性达8至10周以上,说明已经转变成慢性肝病。HBeAg相应抗体抗-HBe的出现,表明病毒复制已经停止,传染     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.