Diagnostic possibilities in gastric leiomyoma in relation to two of our cases

Two cases of rare, benignant gastric tumors are reported. The suggest that while in the diagnosis of tumors with a mucous membrane involvement endoscopy has doubtless a leading role, tumors not infiltrating the mucous membrane are usually better recognizable by radiological (ultrasonography, computer tomography and double contrast x-ray) methods. An appropriate diagnosis followed by surgical removal of the tumor might result in a complete healing of the patient.     

内窥式直肠息肉切除器的设计

利用管型肠吻合器可同时切割和吻合的技术原理及直肠粘膜具有较大的移动性,设计出一种切除器.它实际上是直肠镜与吻合器的一种结合物.用于直肠内任何需要局部切除的病变及占位性灶,特别是较大的直肠息肉的切除.取下钉(刀)座(仓),可用于直肠的检视及活组织检查.     

Health impacts on workers in wastewater treatment plants in jeddah city, saudi arabia

Wastewater workers are exposed to various job-related hazards. This work was carried out in the period from November, 2004 to January, 2005. All workers (one hundred and ninety two workers) in the Jeddah Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (MWTP) were interviewed. They were asked to answer a precoded questionnaire that included personal data and complete medical (present, past, and family) history. They were also asked about history of previous medical examinations in details. Psychological problems were the most common health problems as they formed 84.4% followed by mucous membranes' irritation which constituted 42.2%. The percentage of workers following the safety precautions: wearing anti-slide shoes; the use of personal protective tools for the protection of the skin and eyes; the use of safety precautions in mixing chemicals; the safe storage, transfer, and circulation of chemicals; and ensuring the safety of electrical appliances were 14.6%, 75%, 13.5%, 91.7%, and 95.8%, respectively. The T-test was carried out between those having mucous membrane irritation and those who didn't have mucous membrane irritation as regards the duration of work and it was found to be statistically significant (p=0.000). Those who suffered from mucous membrane irritation have mean work duration of 5.04 years whereas those without irritation have a mean of 6.75 years. Finally, t-test was carried out between those having psychological problems and those who didn't have psychological problems and it was found to be significant (p=0.007). The mean work duration for those suffering from psychological problems was 6.2 years whereas those who didn't suffer from psychological problems had a mean work duration of 5.1 years.     

完全性直肠脱垂并前突行腹膜片交叉悬吊固定及补片修复20例疗效分析

目的探讨一种有效治疗完全性直肠脱垂合并直肠前突引起便秘的方法。方法2005年9月至2009年6月,对20例完全性直肠脱垂并直肠前突患者进行了腹膜片十字交叉直肠悬吊固定加补片[聚丙烯网（polypropylenemesh）]修补,将直肠游离到肛提肌水平,和聚丙烯网片加强直肠阴道隔,网片下缘在肛提肌水平环绕直肠,在直肠前方用丝线缝合网片和直肠浆肌层;游离腹膜片十字交叉缝合固定于直肠前壁浆肌层,悬吊固定直肠前壁于骶骨岬前筋膜。缝合关闭盆底腹膜。结果20例患者手术均顺利完成,手术时间60．5min（55～65min）,出血量50ml。本组无手术死亡和腹部并发症发生。术后随访2个月至3年症状无复发。便秘症状完全缓解17例,基本缓解5例,直肠脱垂无复发。结论游离腹膜片十字交叉直肠前壁悬吊固定并补片修复直肠前壁能同时解决直肠脱垂和直肠前突两大问题,安全有效。     

凝血酶和奥美拉唑治疗新生儿窒息后急性胃黏膜出血的疗效观察

目的探讨凝血酶和奥美拉唑（洛赛克）治疗新生儿窒息后胃黏膜出血的疗效。方法将52例新生儿窒息后胃黏膜出血患儿随机分为对照组22例和观察组30例,观察组在常规洗胃后将凝血酶500U溶于3～5ml 0．9％氯化钠注射液中,经胃管注入胃内,每8h 1次;同时用奥美拉唑0．6-0．8mg／kg,每日1次静脉滴注,至胃内出血停止。结果观察组总有效率96．7％,对照组总有效率68．2％（P〈0．05）。结论凝血酶和奥美拉唑治疗新生儿窒息后急性胃黏膜出血疗效显著,能缓解症状,缩短病程,提高治愈率,安全、有效、简便,值得临床推广应用。     

Comparative assessment of the strength properties of the mucous membrane of the stomach in patients with peptic ulcer and the effect of quamatel on ulcer cicatrization in experiment

The article reviews the research work of the authors on the strength properties of the mucous membrane of the stomach in patients with peptic ulcer and in experiment with quamatel application. Experiments were performed in laboratory animals and resected stomachs of patients with duodenal or stomach ulcer and complications requiring scheduled surgical treatment. The results of the research into the maximum tension (durability) of the stomach mucous membrane, antrum, and the periulcer area are described. For both localizations of the ulcer, the mucous membrane of the antrum was found to exhibit the least durability, while the highest durability was exhibited by the mucous membrane of the periulcer area. In the case of bulbar ulcer, the durability of the mucous membrane was shown to decrease with an increase in the number of aggravations. An inverse relationship between the strength properties and the intensity of hydrochloric acid production was observed.     

Ersatz von Metasilikaten in maschinellen Geschirrreinigern zur Verhinderung kleinkindlicher Verätzungen

In children unintentional ingestions of metasilicate- containing machine dishwashing agents have caused corrosive injuries of the mouth and esophagus in up to 50% of all cases. Whether substituting the corrosive ingredient by disilicates and carbonates reduces the number of corrosive injuries was studied in a 2-year prospective follow-up of 396 unintentional childhood ingestions. Symptoms of possible mucous membrane injury by machine dishwashing agents containing disilicates and carbonates (group DC) were compared to ingestions of irritating but definitely non-corrosive surfactants (group S). A total of 396 DC cases were followed, 86 of which showed initial symptoms such as crying, drooling, vomiting, or unwillingness to drink.Endoscopy of the esophagus performed in 17 children was normal in 13 cases and showed a general reddening of the esophageal mucosa in the remaining 4 children. None had corrosive oral lesions. This demonstrates a significant reduction of mucous membrane lesions compared to the older metasilicate-containing machine dishwashing agents. The toxic effects of the new dishwashing agents (group DC) are only slightly more pronounced than compared to 188 control cases of group S.     

综合疗法治疗直肠脱垂18例

目的探讨简便有效的治疗直肠脱垂的方法。方法采用1：1消痔灵直肠黏膜下注射、直肠周围注射加肛门缩窄术治疗成人完全性直肠脱垂。结果18例患者全部治愈，治愈率100％。随访3年，未见复发。结论该方法具有操作简便、并发症少、费用低、安全可靠等优点，是治疗直肠脱垂的有效方法。     

Occupational injuries and exposures among Canadian dentists: the results of a national survey.

OBJECTIVES: To measure the frequency of occupational exposures reported by dentists in Canada and to identify factors associated with occupational exposure. DESIGN: A national mailed survey of a stratified random sample of 6,444 dentists with three follow-up attempts. Weighted data were analyzed using t tests, analysis of variance, and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The response rate was approximately 66%. Occupational exposures, percutaneous injuries, and mucous membrane exposures in the last year were reported by 67%, 62%, and 29% of respondents, respectively. Fewer than 1% reported exposure to human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis B virus (HBV). Respondents reported means of 1.5 mucous membrane and 3.0 percutaneous exposures per year. HBV immunization was reported by 91% of dentists, but of these 28% reported no post-immunization serology. Other reports of suboptimal compliance included use of a postexposure protocol by only 41% and HBV vaccination of all assistants or of hygienists by 74% and 77% of respondents, respectively. Factors associated with percutaneous exposure included non-use of postexposure protocol or puncture-proof containers for sharps disposal, treating > or =20 patients per day, and male gender. Risk factors for mucous membrane exposure included non-use of eye protection or masks. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence of the protective effect of puncture-proof containers, eye protection, and masks and raises concerns related to HBV post-immunization serology and postexposure protocols. To reduce risk of infection, educational interventions are required to improve compliance with Universal Precautions, with emphasis on comprehensive HBV immunization and post-immunization serology, the use of barriers, puncture-proof containers for sharps disposal, and postexposure protocols.     

DNA免疫研究进展

DNA免疫可诱导机体全面的免疫应答,且与传统的蛋白免疫相比具有制作简单、经济安全、易于贮存运输等优点。自发现以来已越来越引起人们的重视,成为第三代疫苗,并广泛用于各种感染性疾病的防治研究中。作者主要综述DNA免疫作用机理,可能的影响因素,及其在抗体制备、婴儿免疫、粘膜免疫及表达文库免疫等方面的应用。此外,还介绍了增强DNA免疫效果的策略。     

Regenerative possibilities of endometrium after interruption of pregnancy according to vacuum-excochleation method

Regenerative possibilities of the endometrium after interruption of pregnancy by the vacuum-excochleation method were studied in 50 women between the ages of 20 and 33. Cases of partial early regeneration were found on Day 4 postabortion while a complete regeneration was found on Day 6 in some cases. A transition picture toward a secretory phase was seen on Days 16 and 17. This early regeneration may be due to the preservation of the basal layer of the mucous membrane during the procedure. Following the abortion, all the women menstruated on time except 4 who did so 6 days late.     

Colo-anal anastomosis, a strong competitor of preternatural anus

A colostomy after a rectum amputation has great impact on a patient's lifestyle. An alternative that can restore anal defaecation after rectum extirpation for low-seated lesions is attractive if the method does not increase mortality or morbidity, if functional results are good and if oncological principles can be maintained. In selected cases a colo-anal anastomosis after rectal excision can be an alternative to a colostomy. The technique originates from pouch-anal anastomosis techniques after total proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis coli. Based on the literature and the results of seven of our own patients the method, its complications, its functional results and the oncological consequences are discussed. The conclusion is that in selected cases of rectal carcinoma the method can prevent a colostomy without increasing morbidity or mortality, with good functional results and according to oncological principles. Especially when a lesion is located distally in the rectum, the method is often applicable when a low anterior resection is not, or technically easier than a low anterior resection.     

新生儿早期基础保健项目实施对正常分娩足月儿患病的影响

目的 探讨新生儿早期基础保健(EENC)项目实施对渭南市妇幼保健院正常分娩足月儿72小时内入院率、新生儿24小时内肺炎(吸入性肺炎)发生率、7天内高胆红素血症住院率、皮肤黏膜感染发生率的影响.方法 选取EENC项目实施5个月以来即2016年10月1日至2017年3月1日的1316例正常分娩足月儿作为观察组,选取实施开展EENC项目前一年同时间段即2015年10月1日至2016年3月1日正常分娩足月儿1520例作为对照组,分别对两组72小时内的入院率、24小时内肺炎发生率、72小时内皮肤黏膜感染发生率、7天内高胆红素血症发生率进行统计对比.结果 EENC项目实施后,观察组的24小时内肺炎(吸入性肺炎)发生率、72小时内皮肤黏膜感染发生率、72小时内入院率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为5.030、4.030、8.890,均P<0.05);7天内高胆红素血症的诊断率两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论 EENC项目实施后渭南市妇幼保健院正常分娩足月儿的72小时内入院率、24小时内肺炎发生率、72小时内皮肤黏膜感染发生率均有明显降低,且7天内高胆红素血症的住院率增加不显著,此项目在该院适用性良好.     

Breath, urine, and blood measurements as biological exposure indices of short-term inhalation exposure to methanol

Due to their transient nature, short-term exposures can be difficult to detect and quantify using conventional monitoring techniques. Biological monitoring may be capable of registering such exposures and may also be used to estimate important toxicological parameters. This paper investigates relationships between methanol concentrations in the blood, urine, and breath of volunteers exposed to methanol vapor at 800 ppm for periods of 0.5, 1, 2, and 8 h. The results indicate factors that must be considered for interpretation of the results of biological monitoring. For methanol, concentrations are not proportional to the exposure duration due to metabolic and other elimination processes that occur concurrently with the exposure. First-order clearance models can be used with blood, breath, or urine concentrations to estimate exposures if the time that has elapsed since the exposure and the model parameters are known. The 0.5 to 2-h periods of exposure were used to estimate the half-life of methanol. Blood data gave a half-life of 1.44±0.33 h. Comparable but slightly more variable results were obtained using urine data corrected for voiding time (1.55±0.67 h) and breath data corrected for mucous membrane desorption (1.40±0.38 h). Methanol concentrations in blood lagged some 15–30 min behind the termination of exposure, and concentrations in urine were further delayed. Although breath sampling may be convenient, breath concentrations reflect end-expired or alveolar air only if subjects are in a methanol-free environment for 30 min or more after the exposure. At earlier times, breath concentrations included contributions from airway desorption or diffusion processes. As based on multicompartmental models, the desorption processes have half-lives ranging between 0.6 and 5 min. Preliminary estimates of the mucous membrane reservoir indicate contributions of under 10% for a 0.5-h exposure and smaller effects for longer periods of exposure. Received: 1 August 1996 / Accepted: 24 January 1998     

口腔黏膜天疱疮临床诊断与治疗病例分析

口腔黏膜天疱疮临床非常多见,是一种严重的慢性皮肤黏膜大疱性自身免疫疾病,病因不明.寻常型天疱疮是临床最为多见的损害类型,口腔损害最早出现,口腔黏膜天疱疮的早期诊断对本病的治疗有着非常重要的意义.本研究选取我院2008-2011年间收治的56例资料完整的天疱疮患者的临床资料作一回顾性分析.     

表面活性物质对分泌性中耳炎咽鼓管粘膜病变的电镜观察

目的　从病理学角度来阐明表面活性物质对降低咽鼓管表面张力的作用及在治疗分泌性中耳炎中的作用。方法　将已制成分泌性中耳炎的豚鼠分成二组 ,各组 12只 ,分别用表面活性物质和地塞米松注入鼓室治疗 ,并以常规光镜、电镜程序制作标本 ,观察咽鼓管粘膜上皮的超微结构的改变。结果　发现二组在病理方面有显著的差异 ,表面活性物质治疗组咽鼓管粘膜上皮的纤毛微绒毛病变轻 ,纤毛表面可见稀薄的粘液毯 ,而地塞米松治疗组咽鼓管粘膜上皮的纤毛断裂、脱落或“细胞糜烂”等。结论　表面活性物质有保护咽鼓管粘膜上皮的作用 ,其机理主要是表面活性物质可降低纤毛粘液毯的表面张力 ,防止管壁粘着 ,有助于分泌物的排出。     

慢性咽炎与颈椎病相关性的实验研究

目的通过观察慢性咽炎兔模型在不同时期咽部粘膜和颈椎间盘的病理形态及炎症介质(IL-1、IL-6、PGE2),探讨慢性咽炎与颈椎病的关系。方法将6月龄新西兰大白兔60只,随机分为正常对照组(20只)及模型1、2、3、4组(每组10只),模型组采用彭氏方法建立慢性咽炎模型,对照组则用生理盐水。一个周期为16天,每完成1个周期,随机选取对照组动物和相应的模型组动物,观察咽部粘膜和颈椎间盘的病理形态及炎症介质的变化。结果随着病理周期的延长,模型的咽部粘膜、颈椎间盘的病理形态一致呈慢性炎性改变,且渐加重;炎症介质随慢性咽炎病程迁延而增加。结论慢性咽炎是颈椎病的一个重要致病因素,慢性咽炎可导致颈椎间盘炎症介质增加,这对"颈痛治咽"提供了实验依据。     

氨溴索治疗豚鼠分泌性中耳炎后咽鼓管黏膜的超微结构研究

目的应用氨溴索治疗豚鼠分泌性中耳炎后,用超微细胞化学方法观察豚鼠咽鼓管黏膜细胞超微结构。方法用已制成分泌性中耳炎的豚鼠分成2组,分别用氨溴索及生理盐水注入鼓室,电镜及光镜下观察咽鼓管黏膜上皮超微结构的变化。结果2组在病理方面有显著差异,氨溴索治疗组咽鼓管上皮的纤毛及微绒毛病变轻。结论应用氨溴索治疗豚鼠分泌性中耳炎前后咽鼓管黏膜上皮板层体样结构的数量增加,结构迅速恢复。     

梗阻性黄疸导致机体营养物质吸收障碍的初步研究

梗阻性黄疸病人的营养不良发生机制目前尚不可知。选择黄疸组和对照组，比较血中总蛋白（TP）、甘油三酯（TG）、血糖（G）水平差异显著（P＜0.05）；电镜发现黄疸组空肠粘膜微绒毛萎缩，线粒体肿胀等超微结构改变。结果提示：梗阻性黄疸症可导致空肠粘膜超微结构改变，从而影响机体对营养物质的吸收。     

Ileo-anal anastomosis with ileum reservoir

Ileo-anal anastomosis with an ileal pouch is a reasonable alternative for patients with ulcerative colitis and adenomatous polyposis coli. The type of the reservoir, the length of the rectal cuff and the level of the anastomosis are still topics of discussion. This operation was performed in 41 patients. A modified J-reservoir (B-reservoir) was constructed in 34 patients in an attempt to improve the function of the neorectum. Twenty patients underwent inter-sphincteric freeing of the rectum and subsequent resection without leaving a rectal cuff. Although this procedure is associated with a considerable morbidity, the ultimate result is satisfactory.