帕罗西汀与阿米替林治疗抑郁症的对照研究

目的 探讨帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症的疗效和安全性。方法 61例抑郁症病人随机分为阿米替林组31例。帕罗西汀组30例。共治疗6周，采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和临床总体评定量表（CGI）评定临床疗效，采用副反应量表（TESS）评定副反应。结果 帕罗西汀组与阿米替林组治疗前后HAMD和CGI-SI分值比较均有显著性差异。而两组减分相比治疗前后无显著性差异。帕罗西汀组副作用明显比阿米替林组轻，在植物神经，心血管以及神经系统方面二者有显著性差异。结论 帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症疗效好，副反应小，服用方便，依从性好，是治疗抑郁症的理想药物。     

帕罗西汀治疗伴躯体症状抑郁对照研究

目的探讨帕罗西汀治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法将80例伴躯体症状的抑郁症患者随机分为阿米替林组40例,帕罗西汀组40例,共治疗6周,采用汉米尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和临床总体评定量表(CGI)评定临床疗效,采用副反应量表(TESS)评定副反应。结果帕罗西汀组与阿米替林组治疗前后HAMD和CGI-SI分值比较均有显著性差异,而两组减分相比治疗前后无显著性差异,帕罗西汀组副作用明显比阿米替林组小,服用方便,依从性好。结论帕罗西汀是治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的理想药物。     

噻奈普汀治疗抑郁症的临床对照研究

目的:了解噻奈普汀治疗抑郁症的疗效和安全性。方法:对71例抑郁症患者进行噻奈普汀和阿米替林治疗的对照研究。噻奈普汀组36例,阿米替林组35例,疗程6周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定疗效,用副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果:噻奈普汀有效率86.1%,显效率63.9%;阿米替林组分别为85.7%和62.9%;两组差异无显著性。噻奈普汀的不良反应较阿米替林少而轻。结论:噻奈普汀治疗抑郁症有效,不良反应少而轻,可在临床使用。     

帕罗西汀治疗老年抑郁症临床分析

目的:探讨帕罗西汀治疗急性期老年抑郁症的有效性及安全性.方法:收集各类抑郁急性发作老年患者,给予帕罗西汀和阿米替林单盲对照治疗8周.采用17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD) 和副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及安全性.结果:两组总体疗效差异无显著性,治疗第2周时帕罗西汀治疗组有效率显著较高,且不良反应明显较少.结论:帕罗西汀组见效较快,不良反应少,适合老年抑郁症患者的急性期治疗.     

氯硝西泮对抑郁症的辅助治疗作用

目的:探讨氯硝西泮对阿米替林治疗抑郁症时的辅助治疗作用,方法:将64例抑郁症患者承机分为氯硝西泮合并阿米替林组与单用阿米替林组,于疗后,1,2,4,6周采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD),汉密尔顿焦虚量表(HAMA)及不良反应症状量表(TESS)评定疗效及副反应.结果:合并组抗抑郁作用优于阿米替林组,且见效较快,副反应轻.结论:氯硝西泮合并阿米替林治疗抑症较单一用药好.     

帕罗西汀与阿米替林治疗精神分裂症伴发抑郁焦虑症状的对照研究

目的　探讨帕罗西汀治疗精神分裂症伴发抑郁焦虑症状的临床疗效和安全性。方法　对入组的60 例精神分裂症伴有抑郁焦虑症状的患者分别使用帕罗西汀与阿米替林进行治疗,使用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)与汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及TESS量表在治疗前,治疗后2,4,6,8周进行评定。结果　治疗后2,4,6,8 周(HAMD)评分及(HAMA)评分两组差异无显著性(P>0 05)。TESS评分帕罗西汀组显著低于阿米替林组。结论　帕罗西汀与传统的三环类抗抑郁剂比较治疗精神分裂症伴发的抑郁焦虑症状起效快,疗效可靠,副作用小。     

帕罗西汀与阿米替林治疗抑郁症临床对照研究

目的为探讨帕罗西汀对抑郁症的临床疗效及其副反应。方法应用帕罗西汀与阿米替林进行对照治疗研究，采用ＨＡＭＤ、ＴＥＳＳ量表及临床疗效评定标准分别评定疗效及副反应。结果提示帕罗西汀与阿米替林对抑郁症的疗效及显效时间近似；帕罗西汀副反应较阿米替林少且轻微。结论帕罗西汀和阿米替林对抑郁症均有较好的疗效，但帕罗西汀副反应轻微，服药方式简便，患者有较好的依从性，值得临床推广     

帕罗西汀与阿米替林治疗躯体形式障碍的对照研究

目的探讨帕罗西汀治疗躯体形式障碍的临床疗效和安全性。方法用帕罗西汀和阿米替林治疗躯体形式障碍各21例,疗程6周。应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、TESS评定疗效和副反应。结果帕罗西汀组与阿米替林组治疗后显效率分别为76．2%、66．7%,两组间差异无显著性,第一周末帕罗西汀组评分显著下降,与阿米替林组有显著性差异(P＜0．05),且帕罗西汀组不良反应明显少于阿米替林组。结论帕罗西汀相对于阿米替林治疗躯体形式障碍起效快,不良反应少。     

度洛西汀、米氮平、帕罗西汀与阿米替林治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的对照研究

目的探讨度洛西汀、米氮平、帕罗西汀与阿米替林治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的疗效和安全性。方法将符合国际疾病分类第10版（ICD一10）诊断标准的伴躯体症状的抑郁症患者117例,随机分为4组,分别给予度洛西汀、米氮平、帕罗西汀与阿米替林治疗,疗程8周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）和副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效及不良反应。结果4组药物均能迅速起效,第2周末HAMD、HAMA评分较治疗前差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,治疗8周后,4组闯疗效无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,4组HAMD、HAMA评分较治疗前有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,4个治疗组不良反应有统计学意义（P．〈0．01）。结论治疗伴躯体症状的抑郁症,四药总体疗效相似,均起效较快,度洛西汀、米氮平和帕罗西汀不良反应相对少,依从性好。提示四种药物均为治疗伴躯体症状的抑郁症一线药物,度洛西汀、米氮平和帕罗西汀值得临床推广。     

帕罗西汀与米安色林治疗老年抑郁症的对照研究

目的　比较帕罗西汀与米安色林治疗老年抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法　将 6 6例老年抑郁症患者随机分为两组 ,分别用帕罗西汀和米安色林治疗 ,疗程 6周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表 (HAMA)评定临床疗效 ,采用副反应量表 (TESS)评定副反应。结果　帕罗西汀组显效率为 76 .4 7% ,有效率为 91.18% ,与米安色林的疗效相似 ;各组治疗前后HAMD、HAMA总分比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;帕罗西汀副反应较少 ,嗜睡、口干、便秘、视物模糊及心电图异常等副反应的发生率低于米安色林。结论　帕罗西汀是治疗老年抑郁症较理想的药物。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.