人工髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死61例疗效观察

行人工关节治疗股骨头坏死患者61例（72髋），其中单侧置换3髋，双侧置换19髋，全髋置换50髋。比较手术前后的髋关节功能Harris评分，评估股骨头坏死人工关节置换术各型术式的临床疗效。结果术前72例髋关节Harris评分为61分，术后为90分（P〈0．05）。疗效评定优51髋，良3髋，中7髋，差1髋。认为人工髋关节置换术治疗晚期股骨头坏死，可明显改善患者生活质量。     

人工全髋关节置换术后并发症的预防及护理

人工全髋关节置换术是通过植入人工全髋关节假体治疗髋关节疾患的外科技术，术后并发症的预防及护理对患者迅速恢复关节功能十分重要。2000年1月～2004年12月，我院共行人工全髋关节置换术72例。现将其护理体会报告如下。临床资料：本组男49例、女23例，年龄47～81岁、平均62岁。股骨颈骨折42例，股骨头缺血坏死20例，髋关节骨性关节炎4例，髋关节类风湿性关节炎6例。     

金属大头全髋关节置换术和半髋关节置换术治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的近期疗效比较

目的 探讨半髋关节置换术和金属大头全髋关节置换术治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的疗效及其应用价值.方法 回顾性分析43例老年人股骨颈骨折患者,其中行金属大头全髋关节置换术治疗患者23例,行半髋关节置换术20例,随访3～5年.对其手术时间、术中出血、术后失血、髋关节功能恢复时间、住院时间、疼痛率、术后髋关节Harris评分等作比较,评价2种手术方法的疗效.结果 半髋关节置换术组与金属大头全髋关节置换术组相比较,在住院时间、髋关节功能恢复时间上未见明显差异;在手术时间、术中出血、术后失血方面均少于金属大头全髋关节置换术组;在术后疼痛率、患侧髋关节Harris评分方面,金属大头全髋关节置换术组优于半髋关节置换术组.结论 半髋关节置换术和金属大头全髋关节置换术在治疗老年人股骨颈骨折方面各有优势.对于那些较年轻或者对术后髋关节功能要求较高的患者,金属大头全髋关节置换术更有优势.     

人工髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折15例临床分析

目的探讨人工髋关节置换术治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法对15例65岁以上股骨颈骨折患者行人工股骨头置换(10例)和全髋置换术(5例),并对术后髋关节功能恢复情况进行观察。结果经过4～22个月,平均8.5个月随访,所有患者3～4周恢复行走功能,按Harris评分,优9例,良5例,可1例,优良率为93.3%。结论人工髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折是一种简单且安全有效的方法,可促进老年人早期活动,提高生活质量,合理的围手术期治疗是成功的关键。     

无柄人工全髋关节置换治疗中青年晚期股骨头缺血性坏死12例疗效分析

目的探讨无柄人工全髋关节置换治疗中青年晚期股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效。方法对12例中青年晚期股骨头缺血性坏死的患者进行无柄人工全关节置换术治疗。结果术后全部患者均获得随访,根据Harris关节功能评分标准,其中优9例,良2例,可1例,差0例,优良率为91.7%。结论无柄人工全髋关节置换治疗中青年晚期股骨头缺血性坏死具有优势,效果满意。     

成人股骨头缺血性坏死72例人工关节置换术后的疗效观察

目的 探讨成人股骨头缺血性坏死行人工关节置换术后的疗效.方法 回顾性分析72例成人股骨头缺血性坏死患者行人工关节置换术后的临床资料.72例中男59例,女13例;年龄38～75岁,平均62岁,其中38～60岁18例,61～70岁47例,71～75岁7例.酒精性股骨头缺血性坏死32例,股骨颈骨折、髋关节脱位27例,皮质类固醇应用性股骨头缺血性坏死10例,原因不明3例.双侧股骨头坏死7例,单侧65例.全组合并有心血管疾病者38例,慢性支气管炎者6例.单纯人工股骨头置换术20例,人工全髋置换术52例,其中骨水泥型26例,非骨水泥型23例,混合型3例.二期人工关节翻修术4例.结果 72例全部治愈.其中合并人工关节脱位3例,合并深静脉血栓形成3例,合并人工假体股骨柄断裂1例,合并应激性溃疡1例.随访时间2年～10年6个月,平均5年6个月.Harris评分由术前的40.3分增加到术后的91.5分.结论 成人晚期股骨头缺血性坏死患者进行人工髋关节置换术疗效良好.     

人工全髋关节置换术41例护理体会

2006年6月～2007年5月,我们共行人工髋关节置换术43例,现将护理体会介绍如下. 临床资料:接受人工髋关节置换术的患者43例,男19例,女24例;年龄58～88,平均年龄76岁.全髋关节置换术14例,人工股骨头置换术29例.     

112例人工髋关节置换术患者的护理体会

2008年1月～2009年12月,我院骨科为112例患者实施人工髋关节置换术,取得良好效果。现将护理体会报告如下。临床资料：本组112例患者,男49例、女63例,年龄79～26岁。骨股颈骨折46例,股骨头坏死42例,骨性关节炎15例,先天性髋关节发育不良9例。均行人工髋关节置换术,术后疗效满意,髋关节功能恢复良好。     

全髋关节和人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄患者股骨颈骨折的临床效果比较

目的探讨全髋关节与人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄患者股骨颈骨折的临床效果和安全性。方法将同期收治的86例65岁以上股骨颈骨折患者随机分为观察组和对照组各43例,分别行全髋关节和人工股骨头置换术。记录两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、住院费用及并发症发生情况等;随访48个月,采用Harris评分标准判定关节功能。结果观察组术后关节功能优良率显著高于对照组,术中出血及手术时间显著高于对照组,并发症发生率显著低于对照组（P均〈0．05）;两组住院时间、住院费用等无显著差异。结论对高龄股骨颈骨折患者行全髋关节置换手术效果优于人工股骨头置换术,且较为安全。     

MOM髋关节表面置换术治疗AS累及髋关节效果观察（附21例报告）

目的观察金属对金属髋关节假体（MOM）髋关节表面置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎（AS）累及髋关节的疗效。方法对21例AS累及髋关节患者行MOM髋关节表面置换术,比较手术前后关节活动度、Harris评分、美国加州大学肩关节评分（UCLA）,观察并发症发生情况。结果术后髋关节活动度提高为148°～201°,平均169°,Harris评分、UCLA评分较术前显著提高,未见明显术后并发症。结论 MOM髋关节表面置换术治疗AS累及髋关节效果好,术后关节功能改善明显。     

全髋关节翻修术后髋臼旋转中心变化对髋关节稳定性的影响

目的探讨全髋翻修手术前后髋臼旋转中心的变化对髋关节稳定性的影响。方法回顾性分析102例（132髋）全髋关节翻修术患者的临床资料,对比手术前后双髋关节正位片,测量术后髋臼假体的旋转中心与解剖髋臼旋转中心的符合率和再翻修率。结果旋转中心恢复者89髋（67.42%）,未恢复者43髋（32.78%）,术后5 a旋转中心恢复者中因人工髋关节松动、脱位、髋部痛等再行髋关节假体翻修术为6髋（6.74%）,大大低于旋转中心未恢复者11髋（25.58%）,P〈0.01。结论髋臼旋转中心的恢复对人工髋关节翻修术后的关节稳定性产生直接影响。     

Distribution of hip pain in osteoarthritis patients secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip

Objectives

Our aim was to clarify the distribution of hip pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods

We retrospectively studied 443 hips in 369 patients with osteoarthritis secondary to DDH; mean age was 61 years, and follow-up rate was 84 %. Hip pain was defined as preoperative pain that was relieved 3 months after total hip arthroplasty.

Results

Distribution of pain originating in the hip was 89 % (393 hips) to the groin, 38 % (170 hips) to the buttock, 33 % (144 hips) to the anterior thigh, 29 % (130 hips) to the knee, 27 % (118 hips) to the greater trochanter, 17 % (76 hips) to the low back, and 8 % (34 hips) to the lower leg. When the groin, buttock, and greater trochanter were combined as the hip region, 95 % (421 hips) of pain was located in the hip region. On the other hand, when the anterior thigh, knee, lower leg, and low back were combined as the referral region, 55 % (242 hips) showed referred pain.

Conclusions

We suggest that rheumatologists be aware of hip disease masquerading as knee pain or low back pain.     

Health-related quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus after medium to long-term follow-up of hip arthroplasty

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with hip arthroplasty after medium to long-term follow-up has not been reported. We conducted a retrospective study for SLE patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONF). Forty-seven consecutive arthroplasties were performed in 36 patients. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Medical Outcome Survey Short Form 36 (SF-36) and Harris hip score were evaluated. Two patients died before the four-year follow-up and two patients were lost to follow-up. The remaining 43 hips in 32 patients with an average age at surgery of 35 years and an average follow-up of 12.0 years (range 4.0-25.0) were assessed. Bipolar hemiarthroplasty was performed for 18 hips in 12 patients, and total hip arthroplasty (THA) was performed for 25 hips in 20 patients. The mean WOMAC scores for pain and function at the recent followup were 90.8 +/- 8.5points and 79.0 +/- 18.3 points. Patients with THA had significantly high scores in SF-36 physical functioning (P < 0.05) and bodily pain (P < 0.03) compared to those with bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Although improvement could not reach the level of general population, the hip arthroplasty contributed to support HRQOL of SLE patients.     

Cementless total hip arthroplasty for haemophilic arthropathy: follow‐up result of more than 10 years

The improvement of prophylaxis and adequate replacement of clotting factors, the quality of life and natural history of haemophilia have been significantly improved. However, significant functional impairment is inevitable. This study was performed to evaluate over 10 years clinical and radiographic outcomes of cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) for treatment of haemophilic hip arthropathy. Between 1995 and 2003, 27cases of cementless total hip arthroplasties were performed in 23 haemophilic patients. A total of 21 cases from 17 patients were available for follow‐up analysis over 10 years. Modified Harris hip score, the range of motion of the hip joint, perioperative coagulation factor requirements and complications associated with bleeding were evaluated as part of the clinical assessment. For the radiographic assessment, fixation of component, osteolysis, loosening and other complications were evaluated. Clinically, the mean Harris hip score improved from 57 points before the operation to 94 points at the last follow‐up. The mean flexion contracture was 10° preoperatively and 0.9° at the final follow‐up. The further flexion improved from 68.4° to 90.5° after surgery. The mean monthly requirement of factor VIII reduced from 3150 units before surgery to 1800 units at the time of the last follow‐up. There were three cases of rebleeding. In one case, a progressive haemophilic pseudotumour was found. Reoperation for any reason including revision was performed in three cases. We believe that cementless THA in patient with haemophilic hip arthropathy can bring reliable pain relief and functional improvement for longer than 10 years.     

Total hip arthroplasty in the young arthritic patient

Background : Hip disease is a major cause of immobility and pain in children and young adults with inflammatory arthritides. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has previously been avoided in young patients because of the concern about durability of the prosthesis and the need for multiple revisions. There are now, however, growing reports of the success of such procedures in improving mobility and relieving pain in the young patient with severe hip disease. In this study we aimed to determine the clinical and radiological results in patients with inflammatory arthritides who had undergone THA before the age of 35 years.
Methods : Twenty-one patients who had undergone a total of 38 hip arthroplasties were identified. Patients' hips were scored both pre-operatively and at follow-up using the scoring system of the Hospital for Special Surgery, which allots a score for pain, walking, motion and muscle power, and function. Complications were noted and follow-up X-rays were compared to postoperative films to assess radiological loosening.
Results : The mean age at operation was 24 years, and the mean follow-up was 8.6 years. The results in terms of pain relief, mobility, movement and functional capacity were good. Revision was required in 13 hips (34%). This was mostly due to the failure of resurfacing prostheses. Radiological loosening was evident in a further six hips, five of which were asymptomatic.
Conclusions : THA can dramatically improve the quality of life of the young patient with arthritis. The main concern is the likely need for multiple revisions, with progressive loss of bone stock.     

80岁以上股骨颈骨折髋关节置换术围手术期安全性和疗效观察

目的评价高龄（≥80岁）股骨颈骨折患者接受髋关节置换术围手术期的安全性和有效性。方法1997年11月至2007年11月,应用全髋关节置换术（11例）或半髋关节置换术（67例）治疗78例≥80岁股骨颈骨折患者,对其术前危险因素、围手术期并发症和术后2周临床效果等临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组患者平均年龄（83．7±3．59）岁,其中GardenⅢ型骨折42例、GardenⅣ型骨折36例。术前应用美国麻醉医师协会分级标准评价,80．8％为高危患者;采用统计死亡率和并发症发生率的生理学和手术严重程度评分系统预测主要并发症发生32例,术后实际发生24例,观察值与预测值之间无统计学差异（p=0．205）,全髋关节置换组与半髋关节置换组均无统计学差异;术后2周疼痛缓解满意率为96．2％,76．9％的患者独立或辅助下自行室内活动。结论在高龄股骨颈骨折患者,围手术期针对生理状况及手术操作的可改变指标进行有效的干预措施,采取髋关节置换术,可获得安全、有效的临床结果。     

回顾性分析72例老年股骨颈囊内移位骨折患者关节置换术

目的 探讨老年股骨颈囊内移位骨折患者行人工髋关节置换术的方法及其疗效.方法 回顾性分析72例老年股骨颈囊内移位骨折患者的病例资料,其中Garden Ⅲ型35例,Garden Ⅳ型37例;按手术方法分4组：骨水泥全髋置换术11例,非骨水泥拿髋置换术12例,骨水泥半髋置换术30例,非骨水泥半髋置换术19例.术后定期随访X线片及Hams评分.结果 随访时间25-114个月,中位随访时间93个月,行人工髋关节置换术者Harris评分优良率为92.19%.结论 老年股骨颈骨折患者应尽可能接受手术治疗;老年股骨颈囊内移位骨折、Garden Ⅲ和Garden Ⅳ型患者宜行人工髋关节置换术;不同手术方法中期效果及并发症比较,差异无统计学意义.     

80岁及以上患者髋关节置换术围手术期并发症预防和对策

目的 探讨老年高危患者关节置换术围手术期并发症的预防和处理对策.方法 80～94岁髋关节置换术患者42例,并存重度骨质疏松(Dorr Ⅲ期)24例,采用骨水泥柄双极股骨头置换术25例,非骨水泥柄双极股骨头置换术2例,7例骨水泥全髋关节置换术,3例全髋关节翻修术.结果术中无死亡,1例90岁女性患者术后第5天关节脱位,复位后次日死亡,1例全麻术后昏迷1周后苏醒,5例术后3 d内发生认知障碍.38例(90.5%)出院时可扶助行器行走,患髋关节疼痛缓解.结论 对于需要行髋关节置换术的老年患者,进行关节置换术必须经过围手术期多学科的紧密配合协作,采用对应的手术和治疗对策,这样可以降低手术并发症的发生率或减轻并发症的程度,保证手术的成功.     

The role of internal fixation in the treatment of femoral head necrosis with ipsilateral hip fracture

Whether internal fixation or hip arthroplasty is the most appropriate initial treatment for patients with ipsilateral hip fracture and osteonecrosis of the femoral head remains unknown. In this study, the prognoses of patients who underwent internal fixation or hip arthroplasty were analyzed and compared to explore the role of internal fixation in treating such patients.We retrospectively reviewed 69 patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the femoral head and ipsilateral hip fracture from 1999 to 2018. They were divided into the hip arthroplasty or internal fixation group. The visual analog scale and Harris score were used. The incidence of complications and the conversion to arthroplasty were also investigated to further explore the role of internal fixation.Male patients (male/female: 25/31 vs 20/38, P = .015), younger patients (average age: 46.80 ± 13.14 vs 61.07 ± 15.61, P < .001), and patients with femoral neck fractures (fracture type, femoral neck/trochanter: 21/31 vs 12/38, P = .003) were more likely to receive 1-stage hip arthroplasty. Of 38 patients undergoing internal fixation, fracture nonunion was identified in 9, and progression of osteonecrosis was identified in 16. Meanwhile, conversion to secondary hip arthroplasty occurred in 13 patients. Four independent risk factors for conversion to secondary hip arthroplasty were identified: age of ≤60 years (odds ratio [OR] = 9.786, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.735–35.015), male sex (OR = 6.790, 95% CI = 1.718–26.831), collapse of the femoral head before injury (OR = 7.170, 95% CI = 2.004–25.651), and femoral neck fracture (OR = 8.072, 95% CI = 2.153–30.261). A new scoring system was constructed for predicting conversion to hip arthroplasty in patients undergoing internal fixation treatment. A cutoff of ≤2 points indicated low risk for conversion, 3 to 4 points indicated moderate risk, and ≥5 points indicated high risk.Patients who underwent internal fixation had worse prognoses than those who underwent 1-stage hip arthroplasty. However, in this study, hip arthroplasty conversion did not occur in most patients who received internal fixation. Using the new scoring system to identify patients who may require conversion to replacement may help make appropriate patient management and clinical decisions.     

Total hip arthroplasty with bone graft for acetabular protrusion in rheumatoid arthritis

 Twenty-five hips in 19 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with protrusio acetabuli were followed up, both clinically and radiographically, for more than 9 years after total hip arthroplasty (THA), that was performed with a bone graft to reinforce the medial acetabular wall. Radiographs were taken preoperatively and every 6 months postoperatively. Clinical assessments of pain, gait, and range of motion of the hips were obtained preoperatively and every year postoperatively using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip-scoring system. Radiographs showed that bony union had occurred in all cases. Six acetabular components were loose, but no femoral components became loose during the 9-year period. The clinical evaluation showed that relief of pain was very significant. The range of motion of the hip joints also improved from 12 points to 16.6 points after 9 years. Walking ability improved, but is becoming worse as time goes by. The radiographic results were compared with the results of a THA group with RA that had not had a bone graft. The rate of loosening of the THA without a bone graft was significantly higher than that of THA with a bone graft. We concluded that bone grafting for protrusio acetabuli was a very useful procedure. Received: September 21, 2001 / Accepted: February 1, 2002 Correspondence to: K. Kondo