冠状动脉旋磨术在复杂病变介入治疗中的应用

目的 :探讨冠状动脉旋磨术 (Rotationalatherectomy)治疗复杂冠脉病变的策略及效果。方法 :对 79例患者的 86处病变行冠脉旋磨治疗 ,观察其治疗的即刻成功率及并发症率。结果 :79例施行冠状动脉旋磨术的患者 ,旋磨头均成功地通过了病变 ,手术成功率为 96 .2 0 % (76 79) ,平均狭窄程度由87 4%± 8.78%降至 14.6 %± 10 .89%。其中 5 9.49%的病例选择了 1.5mm的旋磨头 ,2 7.88%的病例使用了二个旋磨头。全部病例均联合应用了冠脉球囊扩张术 ,12例在行旋磨术后置入冠脉内支架。 6例患者术中发生较严重的冠脉痉挛 ,经冠脉内给予硝酸甘油后缓解 ;9处 (10 .47% )病变出现了B型以上的内膜撕裂 ,出现无血流或缓慢血流现象发生率为 3.8%。 1例患者术后发生急性Q波心肌梗塞 ,无急诊冠脉搭桥及死亡病例。结论 :冠状动脉旋磨术可选择性用于复杂冠状动脉病变 ,尤其是严重钙化病变 ,小血管长节段病变     

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术和旋磨术治疗冠心病的早期疗效和安全性比较

对40创经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术和10例经皮腔内冠状动脉旋磨术的早期疗效及安全性进行比较。结果发现经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术和旋磨术成功率分别为82.5%和80%;经立腔内冠状动脉成形术组46处病变经扩张后狭窄度由80%±14%降至20%±10%,经皮腔内冠状动脉旋磨术组17处病变经旋磨后狭窄度由84%±9%降至29%±2%,两组残余狭窄有显著性差别(p<0.05);经文腔内冠状动脉成形术和旋詹本并发症总发生率分别为17.5%和80%(p<0.001),重要并发症发生率为2.5%和50%(p<0.001),经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术组无死亡病例,放房本组死亡一例。由此认为,经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术疗效及安全性均高于经皮腔内冠状动脉旋废水,且适应症疗;经皮腔内冠状动脉旋磨术适用于某些“硬”病变或解剖类型不适合作经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术者,残余狭窄显著时需辅以经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术以提高疗效。     

冠状动脉内旋磨术联合支架术治疗严重钙化病变的疗效及随访研究

目的评价冠状动脉(冠脉)内旋磨术联合支架术治疗严重钙化病变的疗效及中期随访结果。方法对21例冠心病患者的严重钙化病变行冠脉内旋磨术及支架术治疗,6例患者在血管内超声的引导下进行,观察其治疗的即刻成功率及6个月的随访结果。结果行冠脉内旋磨术的21例患者,冠脉造影结果均为В2、C型严重钙化病变。旋磨头均成功通过了病变,15例(71.4%)病例仅选择1.25mm的旋磨头,3例(14.3%)病例仅选择1.5mm旋磨头,3例(14.3%)病例使用了2个旋磨头。全部病例均联合应用经皮冠脉血管成形术(PTCA),19例(90.5%)在旋磨术后置入支架。2例(9.5%)在术中发生冠脉痉挛;1例(4.8%)发生无血流现象;无冠脉穿孔、死亡、急性心肌梗死及急诊冠脉旁路移植术(CABG)。对15例患者进行了术后6个月的冠脉造影随访,有2例(13.3%)发生支架内再狭窄。结论冠脉内旋磨术联合支架术治疗严重钙化病变,去除钙化斑块增大管腔,提高了严重钙化病变的经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)成功率。     

冠状动脉旋磨术联和低压球囊成形术治疗冠状动脉钙化病变

目的 :通过联合应用冠状动脉旋磨术及低压球囊成形术对冠状动脉钙化病变患者进行治疗 ,探讨其对治疗钙化病变的安全性及有效性。方法 :对冠状动脉造影证实冠心病患者 2 6例共 2 8处钙化病变行冠状动脉旋磨术 ,并辅以低压冠状动脉球囊成形术 ,观察其手术成功率 ,术后随访 12个月。结果 :冠状动脉旋磨术的手术成功率为 92 8% ,管腔狭窄由术前的 88%± 9%减少至 45 %± 10 %。有 2 5处钙化病变需补充性经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA) (88 3 % ) ,有 3处因旋磨术后残余狭窄 <3 0 %而未行补充治疗。包括补救性治疗在内经皮冠状动脉内旋磨术 (CRA)手术成功率为 10 0 %。术中无主要并发症发生 (包括死亡、Q波心肌梗死、急症冠状动脉搭桥术 ) ,有 3例术中出现血管痉挛 ,术后 72h内有 1例病人出现心肌酶学升高 ,符合无Q波心肌梗死。所有病人平均随访 (10 4± 7 6)个月 ,有 11例心绞痛复发或蹬车试验阳性 ,无心肌梗死和死亡病例。 5例病人行重复冠状动脉造影 ,均为再狭窄。结论 :旋磨术联合低压球囊扩张虽然可取得很高的即刻成功率 ,是治疗钙化病变安全、有效的方法。但其术后再狭窄率仍然较高 ,其确切效果需临床实验结果进一步证实     

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术和旋磨术治疗冠心病的早期疗效和安全性比较

对40创经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术和10例经皮腔内冠状动脉旋磨术的早期疗效及安全性进行比较。结果发现经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术和旋磨术成功率分别为82．5％和80％;经立腔内冠状动脉成形术组46处病变经扩张后狭窄度由80％±14％降至20％±10％,经皮腔内冠状动脉旋磨术组17处病变经旋磨后狭窄度由84％±9％降至29％±2％,两组残余狭窄有显著性差别（P＜0．05）;经文腔内冠状动脉成形术和旋詹本并发症总发生率分别为17．5％和80％（P＜0．001）,重要并发症发生率为2．5％和50％（P＜0．001）,经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术组无死亡病例,放房本组死亡一例。由此认为,经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术疗效及安全性均高于经皮腔内冠状动脉旋废水,且适应症疗;经皮腔内冠状动脉旋磨术适用于某些“硬”病变或解剖类型不适合作经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术者,残余狭窄显著时需辅以经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术以提高疗效。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术和冠状动脉支架术在复杂冠脉病变中的应用--附37例报告

目的:评价经皮腔冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)及冠脉内支架术治疗复杂冠状动脉病变的疗效.方法:以美国ACC/AHA专家组提出的冠状动脉病变B、C二型特征为复杂病变诊断标准,对37例复杂冠脉血管病变患者施行PTCA,其中34例患者冠脉内置入支架.结果:手术成功率为97.4%(36/37),无死亡病例.达到完全血运重建者21 例,部分血运重建15例,PTCA未成功1例.术后症状明显减轻或缓解.结论:PTCA及冠脉内支架是治疗复杂冠脉血管病变的有效手段,有助于缓解患者心绞痛症状.     

冠状动脉成形术后再狭窄防治研究若干进展

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)已成为治疗冠心病的最有效方法之一 ,其成功率可达 95 %以上。但是术后 3～ 6个月有 30 %～ 5 0 %的患者会出现再狭窄 ,从而影响了冠脉介入治疗冠心病的远期疗效。冠状动脉内支架是降低 PTCA术后再狭窄的有效手段 ,但是支架内再狭窄发生率仍高达 2 5 %～ 30 %。对于 Denovo冠脉病变 ,支架内再狭窄率也达 15 %～ 2 0 %左右 ,为此本综述就近几年来国内外有关这方面的一些研究进展总结如下。1　再狭窄的病理生理基础关于再狭窄的发生机制目前还不十分清楚 ,但近年来的研究都普遍认为 :再狭窄是局部血管损伤的…     

老年患者无保护左主干冠状动脉旋磨及支架治疗

治疗无保护左主干冠状动脉(LMCA)狭窄，过去是经皮腔内冠状动脉血管成形术(PTCA)的禁忌证，因其手术风险大、病死率高。随着技术、器械的改进，尤其是冠状动脉内支架的应用，使得一些无保护LMCA的PTCA相对安全、可行，但仍需很好的技术和策略。而对于无保护LMCA严重钙化病变及开口病变的冠状动脉旋磨却鲜见报道，现报道6例无保护LMCA旋磨术实施情况。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内旋磨术与成形术对复杂病变近期疗效比较

比较13例经皮冠状动脉（冠脉）腔内旋磨术（PTCRA）与19例经皮冠脉腔内成形术（PTCA）治疗复杂冠脉病变的近期疗效，结果发现PTCRA组术后平均残余管腔狭窄率（40．1％±34．7％）比PTCA组（26．3％±21．6％）高（P＜0．05）；PTCRA组有3例急性血管闭塞，其中1例死亡，而PTCA组无并发症；并讨论了PTCRA和PTCA机理的不同及疗效差异和并发症发生的原因，认为是PTCRA与PTCA适合于复杂冠脉病变的不同亚组，前者在一定程度上弥补了后者的不足。     

旋磨术与切割球囊在冠状动脉支架再狭窄治疗中的作用

目的比较旋磨术与切割球囊及常规球囊对冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的疗效。方法将416例单支冠状动脉病变支架内再狭窄患者分别用旋磨术、切割球囊与常规球囊进行扩张治疗,在治疗即刻及6个月时再次行冠状动脉造影并进行定量分析。结果(1)介入治疗前各组间支架内再狭窄情况无明显区别。(2)旋磨后即刻所获得的冠状动脉支架内最小血管直径(MLD)最大(2.67±0.55mm,P<0.05),切割球囊与常规球囊治疗组差异无统计学意义(2.51±0.65mm比2.53±0.65mm,P>0.05)。(3)6个月后旋磨治疗组的冠状动脉支架内MLD最小(1.52±0.91mm,P<0.05),切割球囊组大于常规球囊治疗组,但差异无统计学意义(1.96±0.74mm比1.75±0.83mm,P>0.05)。旋磨术与切割球囊及常规球囊治疗组支架内血管直径狭窄率分别为54.78%,38.31%及46.50%。(4)旋磨治疗组后期血管丢失量最大(P<0.05),切割球囊组明显低于常规球囊治疗组(P<0.05)。结论旋磨术对冠状动脉支架内再狭窄即刻疗效显著,但远期疗效仍以经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)最佳。     

冠状动脉旋磨术在冠心病钙化病变介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨冠状动脉旋磨术治疗冠状动脉钙化病变的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析12例行冠状动脉旋磨术结合冠状动脉球囊成形术和支架植入术的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者的临床资料,着重分析手术方法、手术成功率、术后随访主要心血管事件(包括心源性死亡、心肌梗死、靶病变血运重建)的发生率。结果 12例患者共有16处钙化病变,有15处钙化病变行冠状动脉旋磨术,管腔狭窄由术前的87%±10%减少至42%±9%,结合冠状动脉球囊成形术,共植入18枚国产药物支架,手术成功率为93.75%(15/16)。1例因血管严重扭曲,球囊扩张后出现冠状动脉夹层,植入支架失败,建议行外科冠状动脉旁路移植术。术中均无主要并发症(包括心源性死亡、Q波心肌梗死、急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术)发生。所有患者随访(8.4±3.6)个月,有2例再发心绞痛,无主要心血管事件(包括心源性死亡、心肌梗死、靶病变血运重建)发生。5例患者复查冠状动脉造影,有1例出现支架内再狭窄30%。结论冠状动脉旋磨术联合球囊扩张和支架植入术治疗冠状动脉钙化病变可取得很高的手术成功率,是治疗钙化病变安全、有效的方法。     

经皮冠状动脉球囊成形与腔内斑块旋磨治疗冠心病

本文报道我院１９９２年７月至１９９５年９月间采用经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术治疗１８例冠心病，对２３支血管２５处病变进行扩张，狭窄度由８１％±１２％降至１８％±１５％；采用经皮冠状动脉腔内斑块旋磨治疗１０例冠心病，成功９例，对２５处斑块进行旋磨，两例补偿性球囊扩张，斑块处狭窄度平均值由术前的８６．２％降至２０．２％。     

Mechanisms and immediate and long-term results of adjunct directional coronary atherectomy after rotational atherectomy

Objectives.The purpose of this study was to confirm the mechanisms and the immediate and long-term results of rotational atherectomy and adjunct directional coronaryatherectomy.Background.Rotational atherectomy is best suited for treating calcific stenoses, but the ability of rotational atherectomy alone to optimize lumen dimensions in large vessels is limited; this is only partly improved by adjunct balloon angioplasty.Methods.We treated 165 lesions in 163 patients by use of rotational atherectomy and adjunct directional coronary atherectomy. Quantitative angiography and intravascular ultrasond were used for lesion analysis. A matched comparison with 208 lesions treated with rotational atherectomy and adjunct coronary angioplasty was performed. Patients were then followed up for at least 9 months, and target-lesion revascularization was assessed.Results.In the 61 lesions imaged sequentially, lumen area increased from 1.7 ± 0.8 (mean ± 1 SD) to 3.9 ± 1.1 mm²after rotational atherectomy, owing to a decrease in plaque plus media area from 16.8 ± 5.0 to 15.2 ± 5.2 mm²(both p < 0.0001). After adjunct directional coronary atherectomy, lumen area increased even more to 6.7 ± 2.0 mm²(vs. 5.1 ± 1.4 mm²after adjunct coronary angioplasty, p < 0.0001) as a result of both vessel expansion (18.8 ± 5.3 to 20.8 ± 5.7 mm²) and additional plaque removal (to 14.1 ± 5.0 mm², all p < 0.0001). The total arcs of calcium decreased from 207 ± 107° to 166 ± 93° after rotational atherectomy and to 145 ± 87° after directional coronary atherectomy.Overall, procedural success was 96%, and final diameter stenosis was 15 ± 17%. Target-lesion revascularization was 23%. The only independent predictor of target-lesion revascularization was a larger overall atherectomy index (84% vs. 59%, p = 0.048).Conclusions.There is a synergistic relationship between rotational atherectomy and directional coronary atherectomy in the treatment of calcific lesions. The immediate results show a high procedural success—lumen dimensions were larger and late target-lesion revascularization was lower in lesions treated with rotational atherectomy and directional coronary atherectomy than in those treated with rotational atherectomy and adjunct balloon angioplasty.     

Early and late clinical outcomes after rotational atherectomy with stenting versus rotational atherectomy with balloon angioplasty for complex coronary lesions

Limited data are available on the effect of rotational atherectomy plus stenting versus rotational atherectomy plus balloon angioplasty for complex coronary lesions. We compared the early and late clinical outcomes between rotational atherectomy plus stenting (158 patients, 171 lesions) and rotational atherectomy plus balloon angioplasty (165 patients, 186 lesions) for complex lesions. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. The procedural success rate was similar between the 2 groups (94% in rotational atherectomy plus stenting versus 96% in rotational atherectomy plus balloon angioplasty; p = 0.54). There were no significant differences in the in-hospital complications between the 2 groups. During mean follow-up of 40.4 +/- 20.2 months, fourteen patients died: 6 in rotational atherectomy plus stenting and 8 in rotational atherectomy plus balloon angioplasty. Target lesion revascularization was similar between the 2 groups (20% in rotational atherectomy plus stenting versus 24% in rotational atherectomy plus balloon angioplasty; p = 0.46). Three-year event (death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization)-free survival rate was 79 +/- 4% in the rotational atherectomy plus stenting group and 75 +/- 3% in the rotational atherectomy plus balloon angioplasty group (p = 0.44). In conclusion, rotational atherectomy followed by stenting or balloon angioplasty is associated with favorable long-term outcomes. Compared with rotational atherectomy plus balloon angioplasty, routine stenting after rotational atherectomy does not provide additional benefits in the clinical outcomes in complex coronary lesions.     

高龄冠心病患者的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗

目的 :总结高龄冠心病介入治疗的经验。方法 :回顾分析我院 1997年 2月至 2 0 0 1年 12月连续 12 6例 70岁以上的冠心病病人的介入治疗资料 ,其中多支病变占 89 7%。 193处靶病变行PTCA、冠状动脉支架、切割球囊扩张和旋磨 ,其中复杂病变占 86 5 %。结果 :病例成功率 95 2 % ,病变成功率93 3%。其中 33例急性心肌梗死介入治疗梗塞相关血管开通率 10 0 %。慢性闭塞病变 2 1处 ,成功率81 0 %。 112例病人行冠状动脉支架术 (占 88 9% )。术前靶血管平均狭窄 (85 6± 11 3) % ,术后平均残余狭窄 (5 2± 6 1) %。严重并发症率 4 0 % ,其中死亡率 2 4 %。 1例 (0 8% )行紧急冠脉架桥术 ;1例(0 8% )Q波心梗。急性闭塞 5例 (4 0 % ) ,心包填塞 1例 (0 8% ) ;5例 (4 0 % )病人出现消化道出血 ,1例(0 8% )病人发生脑出血。结论 :70岁以上的高龄冠心病人的介入治疗成功率高、并发症的发生率也是可以接受的     

Lower restenosis rate with stenting following aggressive versus less aggressive rotational atherectomy

The present study evaluated the acute and follow-up results of stenting following aggressive rotational atherectomy compared with stenting following less aggressive rotational atherectomy. Recent work has demonstrated that stenting following rotational atherectomy is a promising strategy for complex and calcified lesions. However, there is little information available regarding the optimal procedural technique of rotational atherectomy to be employed before stent implantation. Between May 1995 and February 1997, 162 lesions in 126 patients were stented following rotational atherectomy because of the presence of severe calcification on fluoroscopy or intravascular ultrasound (95%). The lesions were divided as to whether aggressive rotational atherectomy was performed or not. Aggressive rotational atherectomy, defined as the use of a final burr size ≥2.25 mm and/or final burr/vessel ratio ≥0.8, was performed in 56 lesions. A less aggressive rotational atherectomy strategy was performed in 106 lesions. Procedural Q-wave (8.9% vs. 1.9%, P < 0.05) and non–Q-wave (11% vs. 1.9%, P < 0.05) myocardial infarctions were observed more frequently after aggressive rotational atherectomy; there was no significant difference in the incidence of other procedural complications. Although there was no significant difference in minimal lumen diameter after the procedure (3.11 ± 0.68 vs. 2.99 ± 0.48 mm, NS), at follow-up a greater minimal lumen diameter was observed in the lesions treated with aggressive rotational atherectomy compared to those treated with less aggressive rotational atherectomy (2.12 ± 1.31 vs. 1.56 ± 0.89 mm, P < 0.01). Restenosis rates were 50.0% in the lesions treated without aggressive rotational atherectomy and 30.9% in those treated with aggressive rotational atherectomy (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of restenosis with a focal pattern between the two groups (25.0% vs. 21.4%, NS). In contrast, restenosis with a diffuse pattern was lower in lesions treated with aggressive rotational atherectomy than in those without aggressive rotational atherectomy (9.5% vs. 25.0%, P < 0.05). Aggressive rotational atherectomy followed by stenting is a promising strategy to reduce the restenosis rate in calcified lesions. However, the aggressive strategy is associated with an increased risk of procedural myocardial infarction. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 46:406–414, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Multicenter clinical experience with rescue atherectomy for failed angioplasty

Directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) has been proposed as a “rescue” technique for failed or suboptimal percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PICA) in an attempt to avoid myocardial infarction or emergency coronary artery bypass grafting. In this report we review the utilization and outcome of rescue atherectomy from the clinical experience of The Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Medical College of Virginia from November 1988 through January 1993, and from the Coronary Angioplasty Versus Excisional Atherectomy Trial (CAVEAT) database. This analysis includes 100 patients with 103 treated lesions from 44 patients at the Cleveland Clinic, 36 patients from the Medical College of Virginia, and 20 patients from the CAVEAT database. The etiology of failed PICA was primarily from dissection in 52 lesions (50.5%), “recoil” in 43 lesions (41.8%), and recurrent thrombosis in 8 lesions (7.8%). Complete vessel closure was present in 23 lesions (22.3%). The vessels treated included 51.5% left anterior descending, 24.3% right coronary, and 16.5% circumflex coronary arteries. The average reference vessel diameter in the group was 3.10 ± 0.06 mm (SEM), with an average stenosis of 78.9 ± 1.2 % before PTCA, 55.8 ± 2.4 after PTCA, and 24.1 ± 2.2% after rescue DCA. DCA was successful (Thrombosis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] grade 3 flow with >20% stenosis reduction without death, Q-wave myocardial infarction, or coronary artery bypass grafting) in 94 of 103 lesions (91.3%). Complications included 1 patient with perforation (1%), 2 deaths within 24 hours (2.0%), and 6 patients requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (6%). In 33 patients with TIMI grade 0–2 flow or acute closure after PTCA, TIMI grade 3 flow was restored in 30 (90.9%). Rescue atherectomy thus may play a beneficial role in the treatment of acute angioplasty complica tions and/or suboptimal results, although vessel perforation is an uncommon complication.