不同术式切除大子宫的疗效比较研究

目的比较研究不同手术方式大子宫切除术的疗效。方法选择子宫>12孕周的患者238例,随机分为腹式子宫全切除术(TAH)组(76例)、阴式子宫切除术(TVH)组(47例)、腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术(LAVH)组(52例)、腹腔镜下子宫切除术(TLH)组(63例),观察比较4组手术时间、术中出血量、术后子宫重量、术后体温、术后排气时间、术后使用镇痛剂、住院天数。结果手术时间比较,TAH组最短(P<0.01);TVH组明显长于LAVH组、TLH组(P<0.01);TLH组长与LAVH组(P<0.05)。术中出血比较,TAH组最多(P<0.01),TAH组、LAVH组、TLH组间差异不明显(P>0.05)。术后排气时间比较,TAH组最长(P<0.01);TVH组、TLH组两组差异不明显(P>0.01),但均长于LAVH组(P<0.05)。术后体温、镇痛率比较,TAH组均高于其他3组(P<0.01)。住院时间比较,TAH组最长(P<0.01),TAH组与TLH组间差异不明显(P>0.05),但均短于LAVH组(P<0.05)。结论 4种不同术式子宫全切除术各有优劣,应根据患者情况及意愿,结合医生的技术水平,扬长避短,选择合适的术式。     

腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术临床特点探讨

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术的临床特点.方法 近期收治的108例全子宫切除术患者,分为经腹全子宫切除术组(TAH )、经阴道全子宫切除术组(TVH)及腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术组(LAVH ),每组各36例,分别进行比较.结果 三组均未发生严重并发症;术中出血量LAVH 组显著少于TVH及TAH 组(P＜0.05);手术时间LAVH 组显著高于TAH 及TVH组(P＜0.05);住院时间LAVH 组显著低于TAH 及TVH组(P＜0.05);术后镇痛率TVH组显著低于TAH 及LAVH 组(P＜0.05);术后病率LAVH 组及TVH组显著低于TAH 组(P＜0.05).结论 较传统术式,腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术具有创伤小、住院时间短等优点,但临床中应用时应严格把握适应症及技术训练,以减少并发症的发生率.     

腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫全切术与传统开腹子宫全切术疗效对比

目的 比较腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫全切术(Laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy,LAVH)与传统开腹子宫全切术(Total abdominal hysterectomy,TAH)疗效.方法 将90例子宫良性疾病患者根据手术方法分为腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫全切术组(LAVH组)和传统开腹子宫全切术组(TAH组),采用SF-36量表评估生存质量,比较两组患者疗效、术后并发症及生存质量的差异.结果 LAVH组患者手术时间显著长于TAH组(P<0.05),术中出血量、术后镇痛药使用、肛门排气时间、住院时间、术后胃肠道反应、切口疼痛和术后病率显著低于TAH组(P<0.05).LAVH组和TAH组患者手术前的生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、总体健康、精力、社会功能、情感职能和心理健康评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、总体健康、精力、社会功能、情感职能和心理健康评分均显著增加(P<0.05),LAVH组治疗后评分均显著高于TAH组(P<0.05).结论 腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫全切术创伤小,术后并发症少,可显著改善患者生存质量,疗效显著高于传统开腹子宫切除术.     

基层医院腹腔镜子宫切除术两种术式的比较

目的比较腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术及腹腔镜全子宫切除术的临床应用价值。方法对腹腔镜下全子宫切除术(TLH组)44例和腹腔镜下辅助阴式子宫切除术(LAVH组)24例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,比较两种术式、手术时间、术中出血量、术后恢复情况。结果 TLH组手术时间短,术中出血量少于LAVH组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后恢复、并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论基层医院应用腹腔镜行全子宫切除安全可行,对腹腔镜操作熟练者TLH更值得推广。     

腹腔镜和经腹大子宫全切术的比较

目的:通过比较腹腔镜下全子宫切除术(total laparoscopic hysterectomy,TLH)和经腹全子宫切除术(total abdominalhysterectomy,TAH),探讨大子宫行TLH的安全性和可行性。方法:收集100例大子宫(子宫≥12周)准备子宫切除的患者,50例行TLH(TLH组);50例行TAH(TAH组),比较2组患者术中与术后并发症发生率、手术时间、术中出血、术后血红蛋白改变、红细胞容积改变。结果:50例行TLH者,无一例中转开腹,术中、术后并发症2组间无显著差异(P>0.5),手术时间TLH组较TAH组长(P<0.01);围术期血红蛋白(Hb)和红细胞容积(Hct)在两组间无显著差异;术中出血量TLH组较TAH组多(P<0.01)。结论:大子宫行TLH是安全可行。     

阴式子宫全切术与经腹及腹腔镜下术式比较分析

目的 比较经腹全子宫切除术(TAH)、非脱垂子宫经阴道全子宫切除术(TVH)、腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫全切术(LAVH)的临床特点及临床效果.方法 对本院2010年1月至2010年11月因子宫良性疾病需行子宫切除术的396例病例进行回顾性分析.其中TAH术式185例、TVH术式151例、LAVH术式60例.对三种术式手术时间、术中出血、术后镇痛、术后并发病率和住院时间进行比较.结果 LAVH组手术时间(82 9±15 9)min,较TVH组的(43 6±13 2)min和TAH组的(56 3±11 2)min手术时间延长(P<0 01);TAH组、LAVH组、TVH组术后镇痛率依次递减(P<0 05);住院时间TVH组(3 5±1 8)d,与LAVH组、TAH组差异有统计学意义(P<0 01).三种术式术后并发病率比较差异无统计学意义.结论 TVH术式手术时间短、出血少、住院时间短,术后镇痛率低,与 TAH术式和LAVH术式相比各有优点,子宫体积<孕4+月时可利用TVH术式.临床应根据不同情况选择不同的子宫切除方式,以达到最佳治疗效果.     

不同术式全子宫切除临床分析

目的 分析因子宫良性疾病行经阴道全子宫切除术(VH)、腹腔镜下全子宫切除术(TLH)和经腹全子宫切除术(TAH)的临床效果.探讨各种术式的优缺点,寻找更合理的适应证.方法 将有全子宫切除指征的经阴道全子宫切除术(VH)41例患者、腹腔镜下全子宫切除术(TLH)43例患者和经腹全子宫切除术(TAH)42例患者的临床资料进行回顾分析.比较3种术式的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后住院时间等情况.结果 手术时间:VH组(67.32±14.79)min、TLH组(91.98±15.28)min和TAH组(94.17±20.57)min.术中 出血量:VH组(69.05±32.36)mL、TLH组(67.21±32.90)mL和TAH组(100.24±39.23)mL.术后肛门排气时间:VH组(20.51±5.92)h、TLH组(19.84±4.95)h和TAH组(41.26±5.86)h.术后住院日:VH组(5.71±1.42)d、TLH组(5.58±1.33)d和TAH组(7.31±1.09)d.在手术时间方面:VH组平均手术时间显著短于TLH组及TAH组,差异均有显著性,TLH组与TAH组比较,差异无显著性.在术中出血量、术后肛门排气及术后住院日数方面:VH、TLH组与TAH组比较差异有显著性,VH和TLH两组比较,差异无显著性.结论 VH、TLH符合微创手术原则,具有术中出血少、对患者内环境干扰少、术后恢复快、术后住院时间短的优点,值得临床推广.     

三种子宫切除术式临床效果比较

[目的]探讨比较经腹全子宫切除术（TAH）、腹腔镜辅助阴式全子宫切除术（LAVH）和阴式全子宫切除术（TVH）的临床效果.[方法]回顾本院102例TAH,156例LAVH及170例TVH患者的临床资料.[结果]LAVH组手术时间最长,TAH组次之, TVH组最短（P〈0.01）;三种术式术中出血量、术后病率无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;术后肛门排气时间TAH组较LAVH组、TVH组长（P〈0.01）,LAVH组与TVH组间比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;TAH组术后镇痛率分别高于LAVH组、TVH组（P〈0.01）,而后二组间无显著性差异;住院时间TAH组显著长于LAVH组、TVH组（P〈0.01）,后二组间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;住院费用LAVH组明显高于TAH组与TVH组（P〈0.01）,后两者无显著性差异（P〉0.05）.[结论]三种术式各具优缺点,不能互相替代,在合理掌握禁忌证的前提下,适当选择.     

较大子宫腹腔镜辅助阴式与经腹子宫切除临床分析

目的比较腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术（laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy,LAVH）与经腹全子宫切除术（trans-abdominal hysterectomy,TAH）治疗较大子宫的临床效果和安全性。方法对无锡市妇幼保健院2008-01-2010-01 66例大于12孕周子宫行LAVH与同期70例TAH的手术时间、术中出血量、术后恢复情况进行对比分析。结果 LAVH组较TAH组手术时间明显延长,术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后病率明显优于TAV组。结论对部分因良性病变的较大子宫（大于12孕周）,术者具有熟练腹腔镜、阴式手术操作经验,LAVH是较为理想的微创术式。     

腹腔镜辅助阴式全子宫切除与经腹全子宫切除的临床研究

目的 比较腹腔镜辅助阴式全子宫切除(LAVH)与经腹全子宫切除(TAH)的临床效果.方法 柳州医学高等专科学校第一附属医院2005-12-2009-12 518例患妇科良性疾病行全子宫切除,TAH组460例和LAVH组58例,回顾分析两组的临床效果.结果 LAVH组肛门排气时间、术后下床活动及住院时间和伤口疼痛均小于TAH组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),TAH组在手术时间、出血量优于LAVH组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),血红蛋白下降值比LAVH组少,两组比较差异无统计学意义.结论 LAVH是临床值得推广的一种手术方式.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.