5种垫料物质的细胞毒性研究

目的研究松木、麦秸、玉米秸、玉米芯和国外商品垫料5种垫料物质的细胞毒性作用.方法将五种垫料物质的丙酮提取物按1、3、5、10、20和40mg/ml的终浓度梯度加入到H22-H2D8细胞中,培养72h后用考马斯亮蓝法测定细胞的总蛋白量,计算细胞的半数致死量(LD50);用MTT法测定H22-H2D8细胞在492nm的吸光度值(A492),计算细胞的相对增值率,用6级毒性分类法进行毒性分级.结果松木的LD50<5mg/ml,麦秸、玉米秸、国外商品垫料的LD50<20mg/ml,玉米芯的LD50>40mg/ml.麦秸和商品垫料的细胞毒性为2～3级,松木的细胞毒性2～5级,玉米秸的细胞毒性为1～3级,玉米芯的细胞毒性为1～2级.在垫料提取物浓度为5mg/ml、10mg/ml时,麦秸组的A492值显著低于玉米秸组和商品垫料组的A492值(P<0.05),而玉米秸组和商品垫料组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);在浓度为20mg/ml、40mg/ml时,王米秸组的A492值大于麦秸组和商品垫料组的A492值(P<0.05),麦秸组和商品垫料组相比差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论松木的细胞毒性最大,玉米芯的细胞毒性作用最小,玉米秸、国外商品垫料、麦秸三种物质均显示有细胞毒性作用,但它们的毒性显著低于松木,高于玉米芯.     

普乐林注射液对戊巴比妥钠催眠作用的影响

目的　观察普乐林 (PRN)对小鼠戊巴比妥钠催眠作用的影响。方法　将 12 0只小鼠随机分为生理盐水组、苯巴比妥 (40mg kg)组、PRN (5 0、15 0mg kg)组 ,腹腔注射 ,每日 1次× 7d。第 8d腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠 75mg kg ,观察催眠潜伏期及催眠时间。结果　苯巴比妥、5 0和 15 0mg kgPRN分别使催眠时间缩短 87 7% (P <0 0 1)、2 5 8% (P <0 0 5 )和 5 3 3% (P <0 0 1)。各组小鼠催眠潜伏期无显著性差异。结论　PRN能显著缩短戊巴比妥钠对小鼠的催眠时间 ,提示PRN能诱导小鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P4 5 0活性     

质子泵抑制剂盘托拉唑对大鼠肝药酶中P450的影响

为探讨质子泵抑制剂(PPI)盘托拉唑(PAN)对大鼠肝药酶中药物代谢酶的影响,给试验大鼠连续7天口服不同剂量[5mg/(kg.d)、50mg/(kg.d)和300mg/(kg.d)]的PAN,而后测定大鼠肝药酶中细胞色素P450(P450)、细胞色素b5(b5)、NADPH 细胞色素C还原酶(NADPH)的含量和活性变化,以及细胞色素P450同功酶(CYP)的活性变化,并与奥美拉唑(OM)、兰索拉唑(LAN)、3-甲基胆醌(3-MC)和苯巴比妥(PB)比较.结果:口服高剂量[300 mg/(kg.d)]PAN后大鼠肝药酶中P450、b5以及NADPH的含量和活性升高,但不及PB的作用强,其中3-MC对NADPH的作用最弱,CYP 1A、CYP 2B和CYP 3A的活性也升高,且3-MC对CYP1A作用极强,PB对CYP2B和CYP3A的作用最强.三个PPI中,OM和LAN在同一条件下比PAN更易引起CYP 1A活性的升高,PAN对CYP 2B的作用强于OM和LAN.上述结果表明,PAN与OM和LAN对肝药酶中代谢酶的作用类似,但作用更弱,并提示PAN在体内代谢中具有更小的药物相互作用性.     

葛根素对鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450的影响

目的:观察葛根素对鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450(CYP)的影响.方法:实验动物分别腹腔注射生理盐水、苯巴比妥(40mg/kg.d)、葛根素(100和200 mg/kg.d),给药7d后,用分光光度法测定肝微粒体CYP和细胞色素b5(Cytb5)的含量,以及苯胺羟化酶(ANH)和氨基比林N-脱甲基酶(ADM)的活性.结果:苯巴比妥和葛根素均能显著缩短戊巴比妥钠对小鼠的催眠时间,显著提高小鼠肝脏指数、CYP含量,以及大鼠CYP和Cytb5含量,且以苯巴比妥组更为显著.苯巴比妥能非常显著地提高大鼠ANH和ADM活性,葛根素仅提高ADM活性,对ANH无明显影响.结论:葛根素对小鼠和大鼠肝微粒体CYP有诱导作用,但诱导能力显著弱于苯巴比妥.     

复方六月雪对急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 :探讨复方六月雪 (L YXC)对四氯化碳 (CCl4 )、对乙酰氨基酚 (AP)、D-半乳糖胺 (D- Gal)所致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用。方法 :分别以 CCl4 、AP和 D- Gal等诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤为模型 ,观察 L YXC对血清 AL T、AST活性、肝药酶 (肝脏细胞色素 P4 5 0及细胞色素 b5)及肝组织病理改变等的影响。结果 :L YXC对 CCl4 、AP、D- Gal所致小鼠急性肝损伤均有明显的保护作用 ,能明显地降低 AL T、AST活性 ,提高肝脏细胞色素 P4 5 0 (Cyt.P4 5 0 )及细胞色素 b5(Cyt.b5)的含量 (P<0 .0 5或 P <0 .0 1)。并呈一定的量效关系。结论 :L YXC对 CCl4 、AP、D- Gal所致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤均有明显的保护作用 ,诱导肝药酶可能与其保肝作用有关     

安宫牛黄丸对小鼠肝脏细胞色素P450酶系统亚型RNA表达的影响

目的探索安宫牛黄丸对小鼠肝脏细胞色素P450酶系亚型mRNA表达的影响。方法 将健康雄性小鼠随机分为3组:空白对照组、安宫牛黄丸低剂量组(1.5 g/kg)、安宫牛黄丸高剂量组(3.0 g/kg),灌胃给药8d,每天1次,末次给药后1h断头取肝脏。提取、纯化总RNA,采用real-timeRT-PCR方法测定肝脏细胞色素P450酶系部分亚型mRNA的表达。结果安宫牛黄丸高剂量增加Cyp1a1 mRNA的表达;低、高剂量均明显增加Cyp2a4、Cyp3a11、Cyp4a10 mRNA的表达;Cyp7b1 mRNA的表达随给药剂量的增加而减少;而对Cyp2e1、Cyp2j5 mRNA的表达几乎没有影响。结论安宫牛黄丸可诱导小鼠肝脏Cyp1a1、Cyp2a4、Cyp3a11、Cyp4a10 mRNA的表达;抑制Cyp7b1mRNA的表达;但对Cyp2e1、Cyp2j5的表达几乎无影响。     

电离辐射诱导胃癌移植瘤及胃粘膜iNOS表达与凋亡的实验研究

目的　观察电离辐射诱导细胞凋亡和诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)表达的情况 ,初步探讨iNOS表达在电离辐射诱导细胞凋亡中的作用。方法　 2 1只模型鼠随机分成A组 (未照射组 )、B组 (照射后 2 4h组 )和C组 (照射后 4 8h组 ) 3组。采用TUNEL法和免疫组化法在细胞图像分析仪上检测DT 2 0Gy照射后细胞凋亡及iNOS表达情况。结果　A组、B组、C组中移植瘤AI分别为 (14 .39± 4 .5 3) %、(2 8.5 4± 4 .5 4 ) %、(16 .30± 4 .76 ) % ,其中B组凋亡指数显著高于A组 (P <0 .0 1) ;鼠胃粘膜组织中各组AI值均未见显著性差异。B组、C组的iNOS表达均显著高于A组 (P <0 .0 1)。对肿瘤组织而言 ,照射前后AI值变化与iNOS表达变化具有趋同性。结论　 (1)电离辐射能诱导SGC 790 1细胞凋亡和上调其iNOS表达。 (2 )电离辐射诱导的iNOS表达可能参与了移植瘤细胞的凋亡过程。 (3)电离辐射未能明显诱导裸鼠胃粘膜组织细胞凋亡 ,但可诱导iNOS表达上调。     

来氟米特对急性化学性肝损伤小鼠肝Cyt.P450酶含量及CYP2E1 mRNA表达的影响

目的观察来氟米特(Lef)作用前后急性化学性肝损伤小鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450(Cyt.P450)、细胞色素b5(Cyt.b5)含量及P4502E1(CYP2E1)mRNA表达水平的变化,进一步研究其治疗机制。方法采用CCl4诱导小鼠急性化学性肝损伤模型,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性,肝匀浆丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及肝微粒体细胞色素P450(Cyt.P450)和细胞色素b5(Cyt.b5)含量,RT-PCR法检测小鼠肝脏细胞色素P4502E1(CYP2E1)mRNA表达水平,并作肝组织切片病理观察。结果Lef明显降低CCl4急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST水平;降低肝匀浆MDA含量;提高GSH含量并提高肝微粒体Cyt.P450、Cyt.b5含量;抑制CYP2E1 mRNA表达;减轻肝脏病理损伤。结论Lef治疗CCl4所致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤,可能与其诱导肝微粒体Cyt.P450表达,抑制CYP2E1 mRNA转录及抗脂质过氧化有关。     

胆汁酸合成和代谢调节的研究

胆汁酸的生物合成受多种因素的调节 ,其核心是对胆汁酸合成关键酶的调控。最主要的酶是胆固醇 7α 羟化酶。该酶是细胞色素Ｐ 4 5 0酶 ,易受胆汁酸和胆固醇 ,可能还有激素的调节 ,它的活性涉及细胞色素Ｐ 4 5 0 ,还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸 (还原型辅酶Ⅱ ) (ＮＡＤＰＨ)细胞色素Ｐ 4 5 0还原酶 ,ＮＡＤＰＨ和卵磷脂。该酶不被苯巴比妥诱导 ,半衰期为2～ 3ｈ。1　胆固醇 7α 羟化酶的反馈调节许多研究表明 ,胆汁酸合成具有负反馈机制 ,即门脉血中胆汁酸抑制胆固醇 7α 羟化酶活性。在完全解除胆管胆汁的作用后 ,胆汁酸合成增高 7倍 ,重…     

注射用盐酸头孢他美对大鼠肝微粒体CYP1A2、CYP3A4和CYP2E1活性的影响

目的 研究注射用盐酸头孢他美对大鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450(CYP450)酶系CYP1A2、CYP3A4和CYP2E1活性的影响。方法 将SD大鼠分成盐酸头孢他美给药组和生理盐水空白组,每组6只,雌雄各半,给药组尾静脉注射盐酸头孢他美50 mg/(kg·d),连续给药7 d,每天2次。HPLC法同时测定CYP450的3种同工酶特异性探针底物在SD大鼠肝微粒体内代谢产物生成量和原型探针底物降解量,判断酶亚型活性变化。分析柱Diamonsil C₁₈ (150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流速1.0 mL/min。CYP1A2代谢样品测定条件为甲醇(0.1%甲酸)(A)-水(0.1%甲酸)(B),0~5 min: 18%A,5~10 min: 18%~60%A,10~15 min: 60%A,检测波长为247 nm;CYP3A4代谢样品测定条件为甲醇(A)-水(0.02%甲酸)(B),0~11 min: 40%~60%A,检测波长为223 nm;CYP2E1代谢样品测定条件为甲醇(A)-水(B),0~10 min: 37%~75%A,检测波长为287 nm。结果 探针底物及其代谢产物在测定浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 7),精密度RSD<6％(n=5),提取回收率83.2%～97.5%。SD大鼠连续注射给予盐酸头孢他美后,CYP3A4的活性与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),可能存在诱导作用;CYP1A2和CYP2E1的活性与对照组比较差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05)。结论 静注给予盐酸头孢他美能诱导SD大鼠肝微粒体CYP3A4,对CYP1A2和CYP2E1没有诱导或抑制作用。提示经CYP3A4 代谢的药物在临床上与注射用盐酸头孢他美合用时,可能存在潜在药物-药物相互作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.