改变穿刺点后抽吸对治疗CT 引导下肺穿刺活检所致气胸的意义

目的：探讨改变穿刺点抽吸对治疗C T 引导下肺穿刺活检并发气胸的价值。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年1月C T引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术后并发气胸并行抽气治疗患者的相关资料,比较常规抽吸与改变穿刺点抽吸对气胸的疗效差异。结果85例进行常规抽吸治疗气胸患者,有效率68．2％（58／85）,其中15例完全缓解,43例部分缓解;常规抽吸无效占31．8％（27／85）,之后再改变穿刺点后穿刺抽吸,其中完全缓解3例,部分缓解21例,无效而采用胸腔闭式引流术者3例;增加使用改进方法后气胸治疗总有效率由68．2％（58／85）上升至96．5％（82／85）。结论采用改变穿刺点抽吸气体可使C T引导下肺穿刺活检术并发气胸治疗成功率明显增加。     

加强安全性对CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检并发症的影响

目的：探讨提高CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的安全性,对减少并发症的作用。方法：回顾性分析本院2000年1月-2003年6月56例、2003年7月-2009年6月142例,两组病例在CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术出现主要并发症及其防治措施。结果：56例组和142例组CT引导下,经皮肺穿刺活检术的并发症总发生率分别为42．9％（24／56）和28．2％（40／142）,其中主要并发症发生率分别为：咯血17．5％（10／56）和11．3％（16／142）,气胸21．0％（12／56）和9．3％（13／142）,感染1．8％（1／56）和0．0％（0／142）,胸膜休克1．8％（1／56）和0．7％（1／142）,均无肿瘤针道种植和死亡。其中并发症总发生率和咯血、气胸的发生率,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：加强术前预防性措施、提高手术医师操作熟练程度,可以显著减少CT引导下经皮肺穿刺、活检的并发症．’     

CT引导经皮肺部穿刺活检使用抽吸针及活检枪的临床总结

目的 探讨如何针对不同病变选用不同的穿刺工具,以提高诊断正确率,降低术后并发症.方法 分别使用美国COOK DCHN抽吸针(16-18G,15 cm)及美国Angiotech半自动活检枪(16-18G,15 cm)对286例肺部病变进行经皮穿刺活检,其中使用抽吸针101例,使用半自动活检枪185例,依据手术病理判断活检病理诊断结果是否正确.比较选用抽吸针及半自动活检枪在诊断正确率和术后并发症发生率方面的差异.结果 选用抽吸针对恶性病变诊断正确率(89.3%)略高于半自动活检枪(80%);选用半自动活检枪对良性病变诊断正确率(93.7%)较抽吸针诊断正确率(41.2%)明显提高(P=0.002).选用半自动活检枪术后并发症(42.2%)略高于抽吸针(34.6%).结论 根据肺部病变的位置、大小、密度等因素,术前认真分析,合理选用不同的穿刺工具能够明显提高病变诊断正确率和减少术后并发症.     

肺周围性病变经皮肺活检的临床应用

目的：评价采用美国Bard Magnum活检装置（No MG1522)及与之配套的Bard Magnum活检针行透视或CT定位下经皮肺穿刺活检诊断肺周围性病变的临床价值。方法：根据病灶的位置、性状及距胸壁的距离，选择定位方法。其中64例采用透视下经皮肺穿刺活检；29例（包括透视定位穿刺不成功者5例）采用CT定位下经皮肺穿刺活检。结果：两种定位方法穿刺取材的成功率分别为92．2％，96．5％；诊断阳性率分别为87．5％，93．1％；并发症的发生率分别为12．5％和7％。两种方法无显著性差异。结论：采用美国Bard Magnum活检装置（No MG1522）及与之配套的Bard Magnum活检针行透视或CT定位下经皮肺穿刺活检诊断肺周围性病变是较为理想的安全的方法。     

经皮肺切割活检术对肺小结节诊断价值的探讨

目的：52例肺部孤立性肺小结节（（3cm）在CT引导下行经皮肺切割活检术，对其临床诊断价值进行探讨，并对影响因素及注意事项进行评价分析。方法：52例肺小结节（最小为0．6cm）患者在CT引导下行经皮肺切割活检，通过与针吸活检的比较，分析病灶的大小、离胸壁的距离与诊断正确率的关系，并观察其并发症发生的情况。结果：肺切割活检对肺恶性肿瘤的诊断阳性率为97．64％（42／43），针吸活检阳性率为85．71％（18／21），二者比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。且后者往往因病理组织小而不易观察。二者并发症的发生率均不高，为3．9％，仅为气胸和少量出血。结论：诊断不明的肺小结节在CT引导下行经皮肺切割活检其阳性率高，较针吸活检有更高的临床应用价值，只要掌握适应证、注意禁忌证。其并发症较低。     

CT引导下肺部肿块穿刺活检术的临床应用探讨

目的探讨肺部肿块CT引导下穿刺活检术的临床应用价值。方法搜索我院62例肺部肿块进行CT引导下肺穿刺活检结果与临床影像学诊断及手术病理结论,分析其临床应用价值。结果62例共穿刺127针次,穿中率100％,获得正确率90．3％（56／62）,并发症主要为气胸和出血发生率11．3％（7／62）。患者的年龄、有无肺气肿、肿块的大小、肿块内的组分为影响CT引导下肺穿刺活检正确率和并发症的主要因素。结论CT引导下肺穿刺活检术属微创技术,具有安全、可靠、有效、简便等优点,值得临床推广,同时为提高肺穿刺活检的正确率和减少并发症,应注意患者病灶和操作过程中的相关因素。     

彩色多普勒超声与超声活检技术诊断肺外周型病变的临床应用价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声与超声活检技术相结合提高对肺外周病变的诊断。方法：回顾分析各种肺外周型病变97例,经彩色多普勒超声检查及超声引导下用Bard活检枪和18G切割活检针进行经皮穿刺活检。结果：穿刺活检成功率为100％,取材满意度92．8％;组织学阳性率为91．7％,可疑阳性率为4．1％,假阴性率为5．1％,诊断准确性为95．9％;无严重并发症发生。结论：彩色多普勒超声与超声活检技术相结合是诊断肺外周型病变准确、安全、简便有效的方法。     

彩色多普勒超声引导经皮肺穿刺活检对肺周围型肿块的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声引导经皮肺穿刺活检技术在肺周围型肿块诊断中的价值。方法对53例经X线或CT检查发现的肺周围性肿块，先观察二维图象及血流分布，再行彩超引导下穿刺活检。结果53例中51例穿刺活检成功（成功率96％）；活检诊断正确率92．4％（49／53）：并发症发生率5．6％（3／53）。结论对彩超能显示的肺周围型肿块行彩超引导自动活检术，取材成功率高，是一种安全、准确的活检方法。     

肺内弥漫性病变经皮肺穿刺切割活检64例分析

目的 探讨肺内弥漫性病变经皮肺穿刺切割活检的应用价值。方法 在CT定位导引下使用槽式切割活检针进行病理组织学检查。结果 对28例弥漫性小结节病变、25例弥漫性斑片及磨玻璃状病变、11例弥漫性网格及蜂窝状病变（共64例）进行了75次切割活检，切割取材成功率为96．88％（62／64）；病理检查确诊率91．94％（57／62），检查结果假性率17．74％（11／62），并发症发生率23．44％（15／64）。结论 （1）使用锋利的切割针、选择病灶密集的部位切割是取材成功的关键；（2）采用快进快出快切割的“三快”操作方法是减少并发症的关键；（3）经皮肺穿刺切割活检是肺内弥漫性病变可以选择的一种确诊方法。     

CT引导下自动活检枪经皮肺活检肺小结节

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检肺内小结节病变（直径≤15mm）的临床应用价值。方法69例直径≤15mm的肺内单发小结节病变患者，在CT引导下应用自动活检枪取材。所有病例行病理检查。结果肺小结节病变诊断准确率为89．9％（62／69）；无假阳性，假阴性5例，假阴性率7-2％。该组6例出现气胸，发生率为8．7％；7例肺出血，发生率为10．1％；2例咯血，发生率为2．9％。结论HRCT引导下自动活检枪经皮肺活检肺小结节（直径≤15mm）诊断准确率高、并发症少。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.