心理健康教育对癌症患者生活质量的影响

癌症是一种严重威胁人类健康的难治性疾病。提高患者的生活质量已成为治疗癌症的主要目的之一[1、2]。生活质量是由病人的精神、社会和身体三方面的健康状况决定的。社会上存在着癌症是不治之症的错误观念,一旦患了癌症就会产生巨大的心理压力·出现恐惧、焦虑、抑郁等不良情绪。本文对31例癌症病人进行心理健康教育一结果表明,接受健康教育后的大多数癌症病人抑郁严重程度有不同程度的降低,说明心理健教育可缓解抑郁情绪,改善生活质量。1材料和方法I．1对象接受心理健康教育的癌症病人．处在临床恢复期。在接受健康教育前．按照标准指…     

加强癌症病人的心理护理

癌症是人类健康的大敌，长期以来癌症一直以其高死产率使病人产生强烈的心理反应。随着医学模式的转变和肿瘤治疗水平的提高，癌症并不是不可治疗的。癌症病人一旦确诊，心理会产生不同程度的压力。一项调查显示58．75％的癌症病人存在心理障碍，严重影响治疗和护理工作的进行。因此，在临床有效治疗的同时，心进行积极的心理护理，纠正病人不正确的认识，改变病人对疾病的态度和心理反应，缓解病人的负性情绪，增强病人与疾病斗争的信心促进其达到治疗及康复所需的最佳身心状态。     

癌症患者的心理护理体会

癌症在多数国家中是引起病人残废的主要原因之一,一旦病人知道所患疾病是恶性肿瘤,在心理上会产生不同程度的压力,很容易导致情绪低落、意志消沉,甚至悲观失望,丧失了与疾病作斗争的信心,影响治疗和护理工作的进行所以心理护理相当重要,心理护理在某种意义上有时比药物治疗更为重要。医院护理人员和患者亲属都应该加强对癌症患者的心理护理,培养病人的良好情绪,配合化疗进行,是癌症病人护理的首要任务。1了解病人的心理状况病人对恶性肿瘤的认识有不同程度的片面性,认为癌症是"绝症",导致恐惧心理的产生。病人确诊前会怀疑自己的病可能是癌…     

1例癌症手术病人的心理护理

癌症是目前危害人类健康的疾病之一,它的发生、发展与精神因素有关,癌症患者认为是“不治之症”,得了癌症就等于判了“死刑”,在精神上受到沉重打击。有一种猛烈、迅速暴发而短暂情绪状态,失去理智,往往铸成大错,对人体健康极为不利,因此在癌症病人治疗中,心理治疗和心理护理是十分必要的,对病人康复能起积极作用。 一、要加强保护性医疗 癌症病人由于不知道癌症的严重后果,也就不会紧张、焦虑,能遵照医嘱,接受各种检查和治疗,有的癌症病人往往产生消极悲观情绪,有些病人沮丧,焦虑、失望的消极心理状态,会使癌细胞迅速发展使病情迅速恶化。因此,医护人员要尽可能不让病人知道自己真实病情的情况下给予积极治疗。 如果病人知道自己患了癌症,医护人员应及时用同情的态度,真诚地劝导病人正确地对待疾病,告诉病人良好的心理状态在疾病的治疗和康复中所起的重要作用。另外,也可以结合以往治愈的实际病例进行宣传,达到消除病人的消极心理状态,增强对疾病治疗的信心。     

癌症病人的心理特点与对策

癌症是严重威胁人类健康的常见病,多发病。由于其发生、发展、转归、预后与普通疾病有很大不同。因此,研究癌症病人不同时期的心理状态,对采取积极妥当的治疗和护理方法,使病人在满意的心理状态下减轻或消除病症,很有裨益。 由于罹患癌症的病人,年龄、职业、职位、信仰、生活习惯、文化修养、人际关系、工作阅历、病情程度等不同,其心理状况千差万别。但经多年的临床观察和总结,多数病人可表现为如下五个不     

围手术期癌症病人心理状况及心理干预的作用

目的 :了解围手术期癌症病人抑郁、焦虑、恐惧状况及心理干预对其产生的影响。方法 :对10 8例癌症病人手术前行心理评估 ,其中 6 1例在围手术期行心理干预 ,即一般性心理支持治疗、个别心理治疗、病人互助治疗、家庭和社会支持治疗、肌肉放松和意念引导等。对照组 47例仅采取手术治疗。观察两组治疗前后抑郁、焦虑、恐惧情绪变化。结果 :围手术期癌症病人存在较严重的不良情绪 ,心理干预能明显改善其抑郁、焦虑、恐惧情绪 ,有助于其躯体疾病的治疗及生存质量的提高。结论 :外科医护人员应重视癌症病人围手术期存在的不良心理 ,积极进行心理干预能有效改善其情绪 ,有助于躯体疾病的治疗及生存质量的提高。     

癌症病人创伤后成长及影响因素现况调查

目的:了解癌症病人创伤后成长的现况及影响因素。方法:采用创伤后成长量表(PTGI)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对方便取样的80例住院癌症病人进行调查。结果:①女性病人创伤后成长得分高于男性;②有配偶病人创伤后成长得分高于无配偶者;③癌症病人社会支持与创伤后成长呈中度正相关;④回归分析显示社会支持得分、性别和癌症分期是影响癌症病人创伤后成长的显著因素。结论:社会支持、性别和癌症分期是影响癌症病人创伤后成长的显著因素。     

影响癌症病人屈服应对策略的心理社会因素

心理社会因素与癌症的发生发展和康复有密切关系[1-3 ] ,应对显得较为突出[2 ,4] 。本文对影响癌症病人屈服 (PES)应对策略的有关因素进行探讨。对癌症康复俱乐部的各类癌症病人168名 ,男女各 84例施测 ;年龄 3 2～ 81岁 ,平均年龄 5 8± 10岁 ,采用①医学应对量表[5] :用于评估癌症病人对疾病的应对策略。本研究选择其中的屈服 (RES)量表分 ;②特质应对问卷[5] :积极应对(PC)和消极应对 (NC)两种量表分 ,评估病人在生活中对各种事件的应对方式 ;③自编调查问卷 :包括患者人口学特征、目前的身体状况和对社会支持的自我评估等。主要评估…     

不同病期癌症病人情绪障碍及应对方式分析

目的 :了解不同病期癌症患者焦虑抑郁情绪及应对方式的特点 ,为临床护理及心理干预提供理论依据。方法 :应用SAI、SDS、MCMQ三种量表对 90例处于不同病期的癌症病人进行调查。结果 :焦虑情绪以确诊初期最严重 ,抑郁情绪以病程晚期最严重 ,焦虑情绪有逐渐减轻的趋势 ,抑郁情绪有逐渐加重的趋势。确诊初期的病人采取“回避”应对为主 ,发病中期则以“面对”应对为主 ,病程晚期以“屈服”应对为主。结论 :护理人员应该针对癌症病人不同病期的情绪障碍特点进行有效的心理干预 ,引导病人采取积极有效的应对措施。     

鼻咽癌病人的心理健康状况研究

目前大多数学者认为癌症是心身疾病,心理社会因素在癌症发生过程中起重要作用[1]。对患者来说,癌症本身也是一种应激源,同样会带来沉重的心理压力,产生各种心理症状,而这些症状又影响病人的生活质量和身体康复,并有可能加速癌症的发展。鼻咽癌(ＮＰＣ)在我国是一种常见的?..     

Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of pulmonary tuberculosis in elderly patients

To identify differences in the clinical, radiologic, and microbiologic features of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in the young (<64 yr) and elderly (> or =65 yr), we performed a retrospective analysis of the medical charts and chest radiographs of 207 young and 119 elderly pulmonary TB patients. Hemoptysis and a febrile sense were more frequent in the young, whereas weakness, dyspnea, anorexia, and mental change were more frequent in the elderly. Elderly patients showed higher frequencies of cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases, whereas the young showed a higher proportion of underlying liver disease. In addition, chest radiography showed a significantly higher frequency of mid or lower lung involvement by TB lesions in the elderly (10.6% vs. 22.7%, p<0.05). Lesions were frequently misdiagnosed as pneumonia or lung cancer in the elderly. However, there was no difference between these two groups in terms of sputum acid-fast bacilli positivity. The elderly showed a higher frequency of adverse drug reactions (18.5% vs. 40.7%, p<0.05), and higher TB-related mortality (1.3% vs. 11.1%, p<0.05). In conclusion this study showed that young and elderly pulmonary TB patients have similar microbiologic features; however, the elderly showed higher frequencies of atypical clinical and radiologic presentations, adverse drug reactions, and higher TB-related mortality.     

城市精神病老人的社会人口与临床特征

目的：了解城市老人的心理健康问题，描述老年精神病人的社会人口和临床特征。方法：以上海精神卫生中心门诊部初诊的精神病老人（ｎ＝２０３）为对象，用问卷调查和个别面谈的方式，进行研究。结果：求诊者年龄分布与上海老年人口资料并无显著性差异，但教育程度普遍较高，已婚者居多，且女性略多于男性。临床症状以睡眠问题和认知缺损较为显著，而行为异常、情感冷漠、人际关系问题等则不如成年病人之常见。与成年病人相比，最能体现老年精神病人特点的是痴呆症、器质性精神病和妄想症。结论：并无证据显示城市老人的心理健康问题会随着年龄的增加而变得更严重。虽然主诉症状并不以躯体化症状为主导，但精神病的性质却可能与机体的衰退有关。     

年轻上尿路尿路上皮癌患者的临床病理学特征及预后分析

目的:探讨年轻上尿路尿路上皮癌（upper tract urothelial carcinoma, UTUC）患者的临床病理特征与预后的关系。方法:回顾性分析1999年9月至2019年9月在北京大学第三医院接受肾-输尿管根治术治疗的839例UTUC患者的临床病理资料,以年龄55岁为界分为年轻组（<55岁,107例）和中...     

老年慢性病患者心理健康状况及其影响因素

随着社会的发展及人口学特征的改变 ,慢性疾病在我国的危害日趋严重。有调查表明老年人慢性病患病率为 76 %～ 89% [1] 。而当前对一些老年慢性病的治疗目的已不是为了治愈 ,而在于改善功能 ,减轻或限制病情的发展 ,提高生活质量。因此 ,研究和关注这一特殊人群生活质量的问题将成为保健事业的重要内容之一。为了解老年人慢性病患者的心理健康状况 ,本研究采用症状自评量表 (ＳＣＬ - 90 )对15 0例老年慢性病患者进行评估 ,旨在了解其心理健康状况及影响因素。1　对象与方法1.1　对象选择 2 0 0 0年 10月～ 2 0 0 1年 5月我科门诊或住院的年…     

The relationship of the anthropometric variables to the infusion rate of rocuronium in the elderly

We have determined the infusion rates of rocuronium in the elderly and young adult patients during sevoflurane and nitrous oxide anesthesia. The correlation of some anthropometric predictors with infusion rate of rocuronium was also investigated for both elderly and young adult. Participating patients were assigned to one of two groups: 1) young adult patients aged 20 to 50 years (n = 30); 2) elderly patients aged over 65 years (n = 30). The anthropometric variables such as height, weight, ratio of weight to body surface area, subscapularis and suprailiac skin folds, body surface area, body mass index and % ideal body weight were evaluated as predictors for infusion rate. The infusion rate in elderly patients was significantly less compared with that in young adult patients (p < 0.05). In elderly patients, no anthropometric predictor was related to the infusion rate of rocuronium. This suggests that the infusion rate of rocuronium for an elderly patient needs to be individualized by monitoring neuromuscular transmission to avoid excessive dose.     

Executive dysfunction in medicated, remitted state of major depression

BACKGROUND: Past neuropsychological studies on depression have documented executive dysfunction and it has been reported that some dysfunction persists even after depressive symptoms disappear. Studies have shown a correlation between cerebrovascular lesions and executive dysfunction in depression among the elderly. The aim of the present study was to focus on executive functions in remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, and to investigate whether remitted young and elderly patients show different patterns of executive dysfunction, and to ascertain the relationships with vascular lesions. METHODS: Subjects were 79 inpatients with MDD and 85 healthy controls. Each subject received Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop test, and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) in a remitted state. Both the MDD and control groups were divided into young and elderly groups, and the performances between 4 groups were compared. RESULTS: For Stroop test, the scores of the MDD group were significantly lower than controls. In addition, as for VFT, the scores for the elderly MDD group were significantly lower than the other groups. Multiple regression analysis showed that VFT scores were affected by the presence of vascular lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study demonstrated that executive dysfunction remained even in a remitted state in MDD patients, but the patterns of impairment were different between young and elderly patients. The results also suggested that vascular lesions affect executive dysfunction, particularly in elderly depressive patients.     

Cognitive functioning in a population-based sample of young adults with a history of non-psychotic unipolar depressive disorders without psychiatric comorbidity

BACKGROUND: There is evidence for cognitive dysfunction in unipolar depression among middle-aged and elderly patients, but cognitive functioning among depressed young adults has scarcely been systematically investigated. The aims of the present study were to examine cognitive functioning among depressed young adults identified from the general population and to determine whether cognitive deficits vary as a function of different disorder characteristics, such as severity and age at onset. METHODS: Performance in verbal and visual short-term memory, verbal long-term memory and learning, attention, processing speed, and executive functioning was compared between a population-based sample of 21-35-year-olds with a lifetime history of non-psychotic unipolar depressive disorders without psychiatric comorbidity (n=68) and healthy controls derived from the same population (n=70). RESULTS: Depressed young adults were not found to be impaired in any of the assessed cognitive functions, except for some suggestion of mildly compromised verbal learning. Nevertheless, younger age at depression onset was associated with more impaired executive functioning. LIMITATIONS: The results may slightly underestimate of the true association between depression and cognitive impairments in the young adult population due to possible dropout of participants. Additionally, the problem of multiple testing was not entirely corrected. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study indicate that a lifetime history of non-psychotic unipolar depressive disorders among young adults without psychiatric comorbidity may be associated only with minimal cognitive deficits, even when some residual depressive symptoms are prevalent. However, early-onset depression may represent a more severe form of the disorder, associated with more cognitive dysfunction.     

The outcome of episodic versus persistent adolescent depression in young adulthood

OBJECTIVE: Study of the impact of episodic and persistent depression on psychosocial and mental functioning of young adults. METHODS: In a longitudinal representative community sample, four groups of subjects were identified who were depressed either in pre-adolescence, late adolescence or young adulthood or persistently depressed across time, and compared among each other and with a young adult control group. The 90th percentile on one or two self-reported symptom scales (i.e., the Center for Epidemiological Depression Scale (CES-D) or the Anxious/Depressed subscale of either the Youth Self-Report (YSR) or the Young Adult Self-Report (YASR)) served as the cut-off for the depression groups. Outcome was studied with regard to various psychosocial variables including life events, coping, self-related cognitions, size and efficiency of the social network, perceived parental behaviour, family relations and mental functioning. RESULTS: For the large majority of psychosocial variables, the persistent depression group showed the most abnormal scores. The YASR profile of mental functioning at outcome of the persistent depression group was also clearly distinguishable by higher scores from all other groups on the majority of scales. On a few scales, the young adult episodic group was not significantly different from the persistent depression group. CONCLUSION: This study shows that persistent rather than episodic adolescent depression carries a risk for abnormal psychosocial and mental functioning in young adulthood. The study also reflects the burden of young adult depression.     

Intramucosal gastric adenocarcinoma of poorly differentiated type in the young is characterized by Helicobacter pylori infection and antral lymphoid hyperplasia.

The aim of this investigation was to clarify the histological characteristics of gastric cancer in the young. Twenty-three surgically resected specimens of young patients (under 30 years of age; young group) with intramucosal cancer of poorly differentiated type and 42 surgically resected specimens of elderly patients (more than 40 years of age; elderly group) with tumors of the identical depth and histological type were examined. The degree of gastritis and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection was evaluated according to the updated Sydney system. The incidence of H. pylori infection was significantly higher in the young group than in the elderly group (96 vs 36%, P<0.05). Within the background mucosa, antral chronic inflammatory infiltrates with lymphoid-follicle hyperplasia were more severe, and intestinal metaplasia was less frequent in the young group than in the elderly group. Glandular atrophy was not different between the two groups. Intramucosal gastric adenocarcinomas of poorly differentiated type in the young may be associated with H. pylori infection with antral chronic inflammation with lymphoid-follicle hyperplasia, regardless of the existence of intestinal metaplasia within the background gastric mucosa.     

Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer in Young Patients

To determine the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of gastric cancer in young patients, a total of 1985 gastric cancer patients who had undergone gastrectomy at our hospital were reviewed. The male-to-female ratio was significantly lower in the young patients than in either the middle-aged (P < 0.0001) or elderly patients (P < 0.0001). Undifferentiated carcinoma was observed more frequently in the young patients compared with either the middle-aged (P < 0.0001) or elderly patients (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, peritoneal metastasis was observed more frequently in the young patients than in either the middle-aged (P < 0.005) or elderly patients (P < 0.005). Five-year survival rates were 61.0, 73.6 and 68.1% in the young, middle-aged and elderly patients, respectively. The prognosis of the middle-aged patients was significantly better than that of either the young or the elderly patients (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that age was an independent prognostic factor. Peritoneal recurrence was more frequently observed in the young patients than either the middle-aged or the elderly patients (P < 0.05). Gastric cancer in young patients has unique characteristics, namely, a predominance of female patients and a high frequency of undifferentiated cancer and peritoneal metastasis and recurrence.