X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声和立体定位穿刺对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声（简称彩超）和立体定位穿刺对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值,提高其诊断率。方法 55例早期乳腺癌和25例乳腺良性病变均行两侧X线摄影、彩超检查,再经立体定位穿刺,作病理学检查。结果 在55例早期乳腺癌中,X线钼靶摄影诊断早期乳腺癌45例,其敏感性和特异性分别为82．0％和88．0％;彩超诊断早期乳腺癌43例,其敏感性和特异性分别为78．2％和84．0％,准确性为80．0％;立体定位穿刺诊断早期乳腺癌53例,其敏感性和特异性分别为96．4％和92．0％,准确性为95．0％,无假阳性。综合影像诊断早期乳腺癌54例,其敏感性和特异性分别为98．2％和96．0％,准确性为97．5％。结论X线摄影、彩超和立体定位穿刺联合应用,可提高早期乳腺癌诊断的敏感性和准确性。     

X线摄影和螺旋CT诊断乳腺良恶性肿瘤的评价

目的：参照X线摄影在乳腺疾病诊断方面的特点．评价用螺旋CT扫描乳腺技术的诊断价值。方法：将外科手术证实的156例乳腺疾病患者分为乳腺癌组和非乳腺癌组．观察X线摄影和螺旋CT扫描对乳腺良恶性疾病诊断的准确性，并比较各自的优缺点。结果：156例有乳腺肿块的患者中．经手术和病理证实乳腺癌65例．乳腺良性疾病91例。65例乳腺癌中有10例乳腺X线摄影检查为阴性．其中4例因腺体致密而不能确诊。这4例中螺旋CT检出2例阳性病变。乳腺X线摄影诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为84．6％和83．5％．螺旋CT扫描为83．1％和76．9％。乳腺X线摄影和螺旋CT扫描的阳性预测值分别为78．6％和72．0％，其阴性预测值为88．4％和86．4％。结论：对于乳腺良恶性肿瘤的检查．首选乳腺X线。必要时CT可作为补充。     

MRI、CT与乳腺X线摄影诊断乳腺疾病临床价值分析

目的探讨MRI、CT及诊断X线摄影等三种检查方法在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法对收治的乳腺疾病患者分别采用MRI、CT及乳腺X线摄影进行检查,比较三种检查方法在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用价值。结果乳腺X线摄影、CT和MRI检查出的病灶直径与病理检查结果比较无明显差异。本文98例患者经病理检查发现112枚病灶,其中确诊良性68枚,恶性44枚。乳腺X线摄影诊断良、恶性乳腺病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为68.18%、69.12%、68.75%;MRI诊断良、恶性乳腺病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为88.64%、91.18%、90.18%;CT诊断良、恶性乳腺病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为80.00%、88.06%、84.82%;经统计学分析发现MRI诊断良、恶性乳腺病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性均明显高于乳腺钼靶X线和CT,且差异具有统计学意义。结论乳腺X线摄影有利于早期发现乳腺疾病,MRI、CT增强可提高乳腺疾病诊断特异性和检出率,三者相结合缺点互补大大提高乳腺癌的诊断准确率。     

X线与超声双联合对乳腺病变诊断价值的探讨

目的：评价和比较乳腺x线摄影、超声成像以及二者联合在乳腺病变诊断中价值。资料与方法：2004年8月-2006年5月，对同时行乳腺X线检查和超声成像的198例患者222个病灶进行了病理检查。根据怀疑乳腺病变的恶性程度，将术前X线检查、超声成像、联合诊断的病变分别分为四级：Ⅰ级一良性；Ⅱ级一不能定性；Ⅲ级可能恶性；Ⅳ级一恶性。前瞻性记录三种方式的分级，并与病理诊断对照。结果：经病理检查诊断的222个乳腺病变中，良性病变158个，恶性病变64个。乳腺X线检查和超声成像的敏感性分别为87．5％和84．4％，特异性均为89．9％，诊断准确率分别为89．2％和88．3％。二者联合对乳腺病变诊断的敏感性95．3％，特异性为91．8％，诊断准确率为92．8％。二者联合的各项指标均优于单纯采用乳腺X线检查和超声成像。结论：联合应用乳腺X线摄影和乳腺超声成像可提高对乳腺病变的诊断准确率。     

高频超声与X线钼靶对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的 分析比较高频超声、X线钼靶单独及两者联合应用对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法 体检发现乳腺包块、怀疑乳腺肿瘤的258例患者,行高频超声、X线钼靶的单独检查和联合检查,并行手术治疗.对照分析手术病理与影像学表现.结果 258例患者,手术病理证实早期乳腺恶性肿瘤135例,良性乳腺肿瘤123例.对于诊断早期乳腺癌,联合检查的敏感性优于单独的高频超声检查或X线钼靶检查(P<0.05),准确性优于X线钼靶检查(P<0.05),特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、假阳性、假阴性等指标3组间均无显著差异(P均>0.05).对于早期乳腺癌患者,高频超声和X线钼靶相比,检出的钙化灶较少(18.3% vs 36.5%,P<0.01),能够发现更多的乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移(69.0% vs 33.3%,P<0.01).结论 高频超声与X线钼靶的单独和联合检查对于早期乳腺恶性肿瘤均为可靠的影像学诊断方法,联合应用诊断早期乳腺癌具有较高的敏感性和准确性.     

乳腺X线摄影和增强磁共振在乳腺病变诊断中的应用对比

目的探讨乳腺X线摄影和增强磁共振(DCE-MRI)在乳腺病变诊断中的应用效果。方法对收治乳腺疾病患者采用乳腺X线摄影X线和增强磁共振进行检查,对比两种检查应用效果。结果本组患者经病理检查发现乳腺X线摄影诊断乳腺良、恶性病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性和DCE-MRI诊断乳腺良、恶性病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性(P0.05);经分析发现DCE-MRI诊断良、恶性乳腺病变的敏感性、特异性及准确性均明显高于乳腺X线摄影,且差异具有统计学意义。结论增强磁共振对乳腺病变的诊断价值明显优于乳腺X线摄影,能有效为乳腺癌保乳术病例提供指导。     

联合使用B超与钼靶射线用于诊断乳腺疾病中的应用

目的：探讨使用B超与钼靶X线诊断乳腺良性病变和恶性病变的效果对比。方法分析2014年1月－2016年1月收治的135例乳腺肿瘤患者,分别使用钼靶X线、B超及钼靶X线和B超联合诊断,其结果与术后病理检查结果进行对照,比较三种诊断手段的敏感性、特异性和准确度。结果 B超和钼靶X线诊断乳腺良恶性病变敏感性、特异性及准确度无统计学差意（ P＞0.05）;联合B超和钼靶X线的敏感性、特异性、准确度明显高于单独使用B超和乳腺钼靶X线诊断（ P＜0.05）。结论 B超诊断和乳腺钼靶X线诊断乳腺良恶性病变各有特点,联合使用可提高诊断的准确率,发挥多科协作的优势。     

乳腺显像装置在99Tcm-MIBI乳腺显像中的多中心应用

目的：探讨乳腺显像装置对^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）乳腺显像诊断乳腺肿块的价值。方法：多医疗中心采用广东省人民医院设计的乳腺显像装置行^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像，采用特殊俯卧位检查。721例受检查^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像结果均与病理检查资料对照。其中行B超检查137例，红外线检查86例，针吸细胞学检查112例。结果：^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像、B超、红外线检查、针吸细胞学检查对乳腺肿块诊断的灵敏度分别为92．28％、75．44％、69．44％、80．90％，特异性分别为87．0％、75．00％、54．00％、100％。结论：应用该显像装置的^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像对诊断乳腺肿块有较高的灵敏度和特异性。     

乳腺肿块的钼靶,超声和立体定位穿刺与病理的对照研究

目的：应用钼靶、超声和立体定位穿刺与病理对照研究来估价检测乳腺癌的敏感性和特异性。材料与方法：７３例乳腺肿块患者均行两则乳腺钼靶、超声检查，再对肿块行立体定位穿刺，作细胞学检查。结果：在７３例乳腺肿块患者中，Ｘ线钼靶摄片诊断乳腺癌４６例，敏感性为９０．４％；超声诊断乳腺癌４８例，准确率为８３％；立体定位穿刺诊断恶性病变５６例，敏感性为９７％，特异性为９３％，准确率为９５．９％，无假阳性。结论：钼靶     

X线与超声检查对非特异性乳腺炎诊断价值的分析

目的 回顾分析单独与联合乳腺X线检查及彩色多普勒超声检查对非特异性乳腺炎的诊断结果,提高对非特异性乳腺炎的诊断正确率及与乳腺癌的鉴别诊断能力.方法 31例非特异性乳腺炎病例,均行穿刺活检或手术,并经病理证实.所有病例均行乳腺X线和超声检查.结果 乳腺X线检查与超声检查评估结果与病理结果的符合率分别为64.5%、67.7%;联合乳腺X线检查及超声检查的评估结果与病理结果的符合率为87.1%;两者单独检查评估结果与病理结果相比较,使用χ2检验,2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 乳腺X线检查和超声检查在非特异性乳腺炎的诊断上有各自的优势,均易于与乳腺癌混淆,联合乳腺X线和超声检查,能够提高对非特异性乳腺炎诊断正确率,提高与乳腺癌的鉴别诊断能力.     

临床查体、乳腺超声及X线检查诊断中国人乳腺癌的评价

目的 评价临床查体、乳腺超声及X线检查在诊断中国人乳腺癌中的价值,并比较3种检查的灵敏度、特异度和准确度,分析其联合诊断的意义.方法 对同期乳腺普查和门诊发现的112例可疑乳腺癌的病例(普查组38例,门诊组74例)均进行乳腺查体、超声及X线检查,并作穿刺或手术取活检明确病理诊断.3种检查的结果与病理诊断对照,分别计算出各自的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及κ值.结果 112例可疑乳腺癌病例中有61例乳腺癌,1例良性病变.乳腺临床查体、超声、X线检查的灵敏度分别为68.85%、88.52%、72.13%;特异度分别为88.23%、21.57%、56.86%;准确度分别为77.68%、58.04%、65.18%.三者两两联合后,乳腺超声与X线检查的灵敏度最高,为98.36%(P＜0.05),但特异度差,仅为3.92%(P＜0.05),准确度为55.36%,而临床查体与X线联合检查的灵敏度虽然较低,为85.25%,但特异度和准确度均较高,分别为56.86%和70.27%.结论 临床查体、乳腺超声、X线检查诊断乳腺癌各有特点.其中乳腺超声的灵敏度最高(P＜0.05),临床查体的特异度最好(P＜0.05),线检查对癌前病变及0期乳腺癌的检出率最高(P＜0.05).若三者联合使用,可以互相补充,减少漏诊,提高早期乳腺癌的检出率,满足大规模乳腺癌普查的需要.     

数字化乳腺摄影与普通钼靶摄影在小乳癌诊断中的对比分析

目的：探讨数字化乳腺摄影在小乳癌诊断中的优越性。方法：经手术病理证实的小乳癌57例，采用数字化乳腺摄影及普通钼靶摄影方法。结果：数字化乳腺摄影诊断51例，其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为89．4％、95．O％、90.9％；普通钼靶摄影术前诊断46例，其敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为80．7％、85．O％、81．8％。结论：在小乳癌诊断中。数字化乳腺摄影在敏感性、特异性、准确性方面均优于普通钼靶摄影。     

X线摄影和超声检查对早期乳腺癌诊断的价值

目的:探讨单独与联合应用X线乳腺摄影(MMG)及彩色多谱勒超声(US)检查对于早期乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法:收集27例经病理证实的早期乳腺癌(病灶直径≤20mm)病例,回顾性分析经单独采用MMG或US检查以及两者联合应用对于诊断结果的准确程度.结果:X线乳腺摄影及彩色多谱勒超声单项检查对早期乳腺癌的检出率无明显差异(均为85.2%),而联合应用X线乳腺摄影及超声检查对早期乳腺癌的检出率(92.6%)明显优于单项检查的检出率(85.2%),两者检出率的差别无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:X线乳腺摄影和彩色多谱勒超声联合检查综合诊断可明显降低早期乳腺癌的漏诊率.     

Diagnostic imaging for breast cancer

With the westernization of the Japanese diet and way of life, the mortality due to breast cancer continues gradually to increase. This disease, however, is a type of cancer that can be well controlled by primary preventive measures and early detection. Numerous techniques of diagnostic imaging for breast cancer have been established, but the most common are mammography and ultrasonography. For X-ray mammography, a low tube voltage is necessary so that small differences in X-ray absorption by the various tissues within the breast may be detected, but when the surface dose is increased, it is a source of anxiety because of the possible development of secondary carcinoma. Ultrasonography of the breast, however, is free from the dangers of radiation exposure, and may be conducted in conjunction with palpation, thus representing a highly reliable approach. The diagnostic reliability of mammography and ultrasonography was investigated in 251 cases in which breast cancer was confirmed by these methods in a total of 752 outpatients who visited the Department of Breast Surgery of the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital in Nagoya, Japan. As a diagnostic procedure for breast cancer, mammography was shown to have a sensitivity of 89.2%, a specificity of 92.6%, and an accuracy rate of 91.5%, the respective values for the ultrasound technique being 84.9%, 88.9%, and 87.5%. These results are superior even to those of surgeons with 30 years of experience specializing in the breast (86.9%, 85.3%, and 85.8%), especially when tumors cannot be palpated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

PET-CT与钼靶X线、B超定性诊断乳腺癌的临床对比研究

目的 探讨18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET-CT诊断乳腺癌的临床应用价值。方法 60例临床怀疑乳腺癌的患者分别行B超、钼靶X线乳腺摄影和PET-CT检查。结合术后病理,比较PET-CT、B超、钼靶X线乳腺摄影诊断乳腺癌的结果。结果 手术病理证实乳腺癌48例,良性病变12例。PET-CT目测法诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确率及阳性预测值分别为93.8%、83.3%、91.7%及95.7%,钼靶X线法分别为81.3%、83.3%、81.7%及95.1%,B超法分别为85.4%、83.3%、85.0%及95.3%。三种方法对乳腺癌的诊断效能无显著差异性(χ2=3.40,P>0.5)。结论 18F-FDGPET-CT诊断乳腺癌具有很好的临床应用价值,并能对乳腺癌的分期提供更多的信息。     

Evaluation of the role of mammography and echography in breast diseases in a controlled caseload

Data concerning patients who underwent mammography and breast ultrasonography and then breast surgery were collected and analyzed with a computer archive system. In previous papers the authors reported both design and implementation of the computer archive and analyzed the results concerning uncontrolled collected data; in the present paper data concerning controlled cases are evaluated, distinguishing between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Asymptomatic patients represented 92% of the whole evaluated population. However only one third of the patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer was included in this group. Breast cancer was discovered in 65% of the patients who underwent diagnostic procedures and then surgery because of a palpable nodule. This percentage was lower (52%) in asymptomatic patients. Mammographic accuracy was about 90% in symptomatic patients and 81% in asymptomatic patients. Breast ultrasonography was performed as a subsequent step and always detected the lesion when palpable. Its sensitivity was 86% in asymptomatic patients. In patients who underwent surgery the false positive rate for cancer was higher with ultrasonography (59%) than with mammography (45%). Focal dysplasis were responsible for the majority of false positive diagnoses with both procedures. However, the false positive rate is low referring to the whole investigated population and is reshuffled by guided bioptic procedures. Ultrasonography was a useful tool when mammography had limitations: in fact ultrasonography detected a focal lesion in all patients with a surgically proven cancer and a previous negative mammography. The sets of data available from the continuous updating of the computer archive immediately clarified the differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and stressed the diagnostic capabilities of the different procedures.     

Diagnosis of breast cancer: contribution of US as an adjunct to mammography.

PURPOSE: To determine the value of ultrasonography (US) as an adjunct to mammography for the diagnosis of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a 2-year prospective study, 4,811 mammograms were classified according to level of suspicion of malignancy. Targeted US was performed to analyze (a) circumscribed lesions, possibly cysts; (b) palpable lesions visible at mammography; (c) palpable lesions not visible at mammography; and (d) nonpalpable lesions visible at mammography. After US was performed in 1,103 cases (23%), cases were reclassified for level of suspicion. RESULTS: In 338 cases, breast cancer was diagnosed. The sensitivity of mammography for all 4,811 cases was 83%; the specificity was 97%. After US, the combined sensitivity increased to 91%, with a specificity of 98%. The increase was significant (P < .001). The increase in sensitivity was highest among women younger than 50 years. The positive predictive value for mammography was high (72%), which reflects a high threshold for biopsy; this may have augmented the yield of US. CONCLUSION: The use of US as an adjunct to mammography resulted in an increase in diagnostic accuracy. Its contribution to the diagnosis of breast cancer in this study was 7.4%.     

乳腺X线摄影、超声、MRI对乳腺非肿块强化病灶诊断价值的对照研究

目的：比较乳腺 X 线摄影、超声及 MRI 对乳腺 MRI 非肿块强化(NME)病灶的诊断效能。方法回顾性分析116例(123个病灶)患者乳腺 MRI NME 病灶的乳腺 X 线摄影、超声及 MRI 的影像学表现。结果病理结果恶性99例,良性24例,乳腺X 线摄影、超声及 MRI 的敏感度分别为72.73%、65.66%、84.85%,特异度分别为66.67%、79.17%、79.17%,准确度分别为71.54%、68.29%、83.74%,阳性预测值分别为90.00%、92.86%、94.88%,阴性预测值分别为37.21%、35.85%、55.88%。MRI 对 NME 病灶的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显高于乳腺 X 线摄影和超声(P <0.05)。且 MRI 与 MRI+乳腺 X 线摄影及 MRI+乳腺 X 线摄影+超声结果相近,差别无统计学意义。结论MRI 对于乳腺 NME 病灶有较高的诊断价值,应作为首选检查方法。