恒牙正常(牙合)下切牙总冠宽与尖牙双尖牙总冠宽的相关分析——预测未萌尖牙双尖牙总冠宽的一种方法

本文通过对238付成都市青少年恒牙拎模型(345/345),(?)牙冠宽度的测量分析,认为在下切牙总冠宽与尖牙双尖牙总冠宽之间存在高度相关性,运用建立在这个事实上的回归方程编制用下切牙总冠宽预测尖牙双尖牙总冠宽的预测表,为混合牙列分析提供数据。     

AngleⅢ类错(牙合)牙弓及牙槽弓宽度测量分析

目的：分析AngleⅢ类错[牙合]患者牙弓及牙槽弓宽度及形态特点。方法：选取87例AngleⅢ类错[牙合]畸形病例及对照组91名正常[牙合]个体原始模型,按性别分组,测量各项牙弓宽度、牙槽弓宽度并计算上、下颌对应的牙弓、牙槽弓宽度差;对各组各项牙弓、牙槽弓宽度和宽度差进行t检验。结果：正常[牙合]组与AngleⅢ类错[牙合]组男性牙弓宽度、牙槽弓宽度均大子女性牙弓、牙槽弓宽度（p〈0．05）：AngleⅢ类错[牙合]组下颌尖牙间宽度及下颌磨牙间宽度大于正常胎组（p〈0．01）。其余测量指标AngleⅢ类错[牙合]组均小于正常黯组。结论：AngleⅢ类错[牙合]上颌骨生长受限,上颌牙齿有向腭侧倾斜,下颌牙齿有向颊侧倾斜的倾向,治疗过程中的上颌扩弓是必要的。     

错(牙合)畸形牙弓宽度比较

目的　比较不同类型错牙合畸形的牙弓宽度。方法　采用三维测量仪精密测量正常牙合及四组不同类型错牙合 (ClassⅠ双颌前突 ,ClassⅡ1,ClassⅡ2 ,ClassⅢ )的原始模型 ,比较各组的牙弓宽度。结果　上下尖牙宽度各组基本无显著性差异 ,ClassⅡ1和ClassⅡ2 上后牙弓较窄 ,ClassⅢ牙弓宽度与正常牙合无显著性差异。结论　临床上不要轻易扩大尖牙宽度 ,ClassⅡ类错牙合常须扩大上后牙弓宽度     

前牙覆牙合对安氏Ⅲ类错牙合牙合平面的影响

目的探讨安氏Ⅲ类错牙合畸形中牙合平面与前牙覆牙合的相关性,通过控制牙合平面的变化为不同前牙覆牙合安氏Ⅲ类错牙合患者的正畸、正颌治疗提供策略依据。方法选取90例安氏Ⅲ类前牙反成人正畸患者治疗前的头颅侧位片作为试验组,同时选取30例成人个别正常的头颅侧位片作为对照组。根据前牙覆牙合的大小将安氏Ⅲ类错牙合分为3组,即开组、反覆牙合组、反深覆牙合组,每组各测量14项指标。对各组间的差异进行方差分析和多重比较分析,同时对前牙覆牙合与前后牙合平面的相关性进行直线相关分析。结果安氏Ⅲ类错牙合中后牙牙合平面倾斜度（OP-P角）和前牙覆牙合呈负相关（r=-0.24,P<0.05）,前牙牙合平面倾斜度（OP-A角）与前牙覆牙合呈正相关（r=0.23,P<0.05）。结论 不同前牙覆牙合的牙合平面形态各有不同,在正畸治疗不同前牙覆牙合安氏Ⅲ类错牙合时,应重视后牙垂直高度的控制及后牙牙合平面的倾斜度改变。     

正常儿童及青少年牙生长发育的测量研究

本研究的目的是得出成都地区正常(牙合)儿童及青少年牙(牙合)的正常值,并了解其生长发育情况。研究对象、标准及方法见正常(牙合)儿童及青少年颌面生长发育的测量研究。在模型上测量时,选用的标志点为上下颌乳尖牙或恒尖牙的牙尖顶点,上颌第一乳磨牙或第一双尖牙中央窝的中点,下颌第一乳磨牙及第一双尖牙的远中窝,上下第一磨牙的     

骨性错(牙合)者(牙合)平面倾斜度与咀嚼轨迹的相关性初探

目的 分析骨性错(牙合)对(牙合)平面倾斜度的影响,探讨骨性错(牙合)者矢状面(牙合)平面倾斜度与咀嚼运动轨迹的相关性.方法 对33名青年志愿者,正常(牙合)10名、骨性Ⅱ类错(牙合)6名、骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)17名进行头影测量及下颌切点咀嚼轨迹分析.结果 正常(牙合)、骨性Ⅱ类、骨性Ⅲ类的(牙合)平面倾斜度分别为(-1.78 ±5.16)°、(0.13±2.31)°、(-5.28±4.31)°,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);咀嚼轨迹最大位移组间差异及其与(牙合)平面倾斜度的相关性均无统计学意义;(牙合)平面-开(闭)口轨迹角正常(牙合)大于骨性Ⅲ类、大于骨性Ⅱ类,组间差异有统计学意义;(牙合)平面倾斜度与(牙合)平面-开(闭)口轨迹角的相关性,正常(牙合)组及骨性Ⅱ类组无统计学意义,骨性Ⅲ类组呈正相关.结论 骨性错(牙合)影响(牙合)平面倾斜度;骨性错(牙合)对咀嚼轨迹范围影响不显著;骨性错(牙合)(牙合)平面倾斜度对咀嚼轨迹方向有影响.     

成人骨性Ⅲ类错（牙合）患者下切牙区牙槽骨形态特征的CBCT初步研究

目的 研究成人骨性Ⅲ类错（牙合）患者下切牙区牙槽骨形态特征.方法 对17例成人骨性Ⅲ类错（牙合）患者及10例正常（牙合）对照者进行锥体束计算机断层（Cone beam computed tomography,CBCT）技术扫描拍摄,并对相关数据进行测量分析.结果 ①骨性Ⅲ类错（牙合）下切牙区牙槽骨厚度较正常（牙合）者薄（3.3±0.6） mm,其根尖点距唇侧骨皮质距离较近（0.8±0.4）mm（P＜0.01）;②骨性Ⅲ类错（牙合）牙槽骨附着高度较正常（牙合）者低,尤其是唇侧牙槽附着高度较低（5.2±1.3） mm（P＜0.01）;③下切牙倾斜度与牙槽骨厚度、唇侧牙槽附着高度、根尖点距唇侧牙槽骨距离具有相关性.结论 骨性Ⅲ类错（牙合）患者的下切牙区牙槽骨厚度较薄,唇侧牙槽骨附着高度较低并且与下切牙唇倾度有一定的相关性.临床中应重视成人骨性Ⅲ类错（牙合）患者的牙槽骨形态对于下切牙移动的影响.     

成人后牙锁[牙合]的矫治

患者,女,20岁。主诉：“牙不齐”求治。患者全身状况良好,无家族遗传史。 一、临床检查 患者正面观颜面基本对称,侧面观呈凸面型。无口腔不良习惯。恒牙[牙合],左侧磨牙远中尖对尖、尖牙近中尖对尖,双尖牙、磨牙正锁[牙合],右侧磨牙、尖牙中性关系,上牙弓Ⅱ度拥挤,左上第二双尖牙舌侧错位,     

安氏Ⅱ1类错(牙合)不同骨面型的牙颌垂直向形态特征分析

目的：探讨安氏Ⅱ^1类错[牙合]不同骨面型牙颌垂直向形态特征。方法：选取恒牙初期的正常[牙合]Ⅱ^1类错[牙合]均角型、高角型、低角型的X线头颅侧位片各30张，男女各半，进行X线头影测量分析，通过多组间单因素方差分析及两两比较，明确Ⅱ^1类错[牙合]3种骨面型和正常[牙合]的牙颌垂直向形态变化。结果：（1）所有Ⅱ^1类错[牙合]总体上颌复合体的前部相对于后部垂直向发育过度。均角组上颌复合体整体相对发育过度，颅底-下颌支复合体发育不足：高角组上颌复合体前部发育过度，后部和颅底-下颌支复合体发育不足；均角组和高角组下颌有后下旋转的趋势。低角组颅底-下颌支复合体的垂直生长相对于上颌复合体的后部发育过度，上颌复合体前部发育正常。下颌有前上旋转的趋势。Ⅱ^1类错[牙合]L6的垂直高度降低，U6远中倾斜。高角组、均角组U6垂直高度未增加，功能[牙合]平面（FOP）前下倾斜．高角组U6及功能[牙合]平面倾斜的程度最大；低角组U6垂直高度降低，远中倾斜程度最小，功能[牙合]平面未见异常。结论：Ⅱ^1类错[牙合]不同骨面型牙颌形态表现出不同的垂直向特征，治疗时垂直向控制应采取不同的措施。     

壮族青少年安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)牙量关系分析方志欣

目的从牙量关系的角度探讨壮族青少年磨牙远中(牙合)关系的成因.方法对30例广西壮族青少年磨牙远中错(牙合)患者的模型进行测量,得出相关数据并进行组牙相关分析及与壮族正常(牙合)的数据进行对比分析.结果磨牙远中错(牙合)患者其前牙Bolton指数为79.86,后牙Bolton指数为92.24,与正常(牙合)相比其绝对值大于正常(牙合)但无显著性差异;组牙相关分析显示上颌前牙及全牙量与下颌前牙及全牙量相关系数均最高,与正常(牙合)组的相关系数接近.分段组牙比率分析显示磨牙呈远中错(牙合)组各组牙比值大于正常(牙合)组但无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论广西壮族磨牙远中错(牙合)患者其牙量是协调的,牙量关系的异常不是其错(牙合)形成的主要原因.     

五家渠市初中生牙齿审美对社会心理影响的调查

目的：调查研究错牙合畸形对五家渠市初中生社会心理的影响。方法：对五家渠市390名汉族初中生,男193人,女197人,平均年龄14．08±0．84岁。进行牙科审美社会心理影响量表（PIDAQ中文版）问卷调查。按照错牙合畸形切牙分类法标准和个别正常牙合标准进行检查登记,分成5组：切牙I类组、切牙II1分类组、切牙II2分类组、切牙III类组和个别正常牙合组。采用Kruskal－Wallis H秩和检验进行数据分析。结果：在社会影响方面,除了切牙III类与个别正常牙合组得分有统计学差异外（P＜0．0125）,与其余3组比较均无统计学差异（P＞0．0125）,切牙III类组比个别正常牙合组得分高4分。在审美态度方面,除了切牙III类与切牙II1分类组得分无统计学差异外（P＞0．0125）,与其余3组比较均有统计学差异（P＜0．0125）,切牙III类组比切牙I类组高3分,比切牙II2分类组高2．5分,比个别正常牙合组高4分。在牙齿自信方面,除了切牙III类与个别正常牙合组得分有统计学差异外（P＜0．0125）,与其余3组比较均无统计学差异（P＞0．0125）,切牙III类组比个别正常牙合组得分低4分。结论：错牙合畸形对初中生社会心理存在一定的不良影响,特别是错牙合畸形加重了初中生的社会影响,降低了其牙齿自信,切牙II1分类和切牙III类加重了初中生的审美态度影响。鼓励患有错牙合畸形的初中生尽早进行正畸治疗,对可能出现的心理问题及时进行疏导和干预。     

Maximum bite force and related dental status in children with deciduous dentition

Six hundred seventy-six Taiwanese children with deciduous dentition were sampled for maximum bite force and related dental status. Sixty-seven percent of children had at least one decayed tooth. The mean number of decayed teeth of all children was 2.97+/-3.58, and the mean plaque index of the right maxillary central incisor was 2.00+/-0.75. Twenty-seven percent of children had occlusal anomalies. Boys had a statistically significantly larger maximum bite force than did girls. Children with normal occlusion had statistically significantly larger maximum bite forces than did children with malocclusion. A statistically positive correlation was found between the number of decayed teeth and the plaque index. However, a statistically negative correlation was found between the number of decayed teeth and the maximum bite force and between the plaque index and the maximum bite force.     

Intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy and malocclusion: is there a relation?

The aims of this study were to identify the possible sex differences in tooth size ratios between males and females, to determine whether there is a difference in the incidence of tooth size discrepancies for both the anterior and overall ratios when comparing with Angle Class I; Class II, division 1; Class II, division 2; and Class III malocclusion groups, to compare the tooth size ratios of different malocclusion groups with the anterior and overall tooth size ratios of 150 untreated normal occlusion subjects. In addition, the aim was to determine the percentage of tooth size discrepancies outside 2 SD from Bolton means for tooth ratios present in each malocclusion group and in the overall sample of this study. This study consisted of 150 subjects who served as the normal occlusion group and 560 patients who showed four different malocclusion characteristics (Angle Class I; Class II, division 1; Class II, division 2; and Class III). Tooth size measurements were performed on the models of normal occlusion and pretreatment models. For statistical evaluation, Student's t-test, analysis of variance and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference tests were performed. A significant sex difference was found only in the overall ratio for normal occlusion subjects (P < .001). All malocclusion groups showed statistically significant higher overall ratios than the normal occlusion group (P < .001). There were no statistically significant differences among malocclusion groups; however, there were a large number of patients within each group who had discrepancies greater than 2 SD from the mean. Further investigations are needed to explain the probable racial differences and relationships between malocclusion and tooth size measurements.     

The maxillary cuspid and missing lateral incisors: esthetics and occlusion.

When maxillary cuspids are moved mesially or if they are absent, it may be safe to assume: 1. There is no apparent change in facial contour. 2. The first premolar can serve as an adequate substitute for the cuspid, both functionally and esthetically. 3. If all spaces are closed, occlusal equilibration will usually be necessary to effect acceptable posterior occlusion. Mesiodistal contouring of the cuspids probably accentuates the problem since it seems to exaggerate any tooth size discrepancy which may exist between maxillary and mandibular teeth. 4. Unilateral space closure displays functional deficiencies more frequently on the side of closure. 5. Varying degrees of shade imbalance between the cuspid and central incisor can be expected, and the degree of contrast can be accurately predicted by using the mandibular cuspid as a guide. This is particularly important when the maxillary canines are impacted or unerupted.     

Chronology of deciduous teeth eruption in children with cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the chronology and sequence of eruption of the deciduous teeth in children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil. SAMPLE: A total of 435 children aged 0 to 48 months who presented with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. RESULTS: All teeth on the cleft side in both jaws for both sexes presented a higher mean age of eruption than their homologues at the noncleft side. This difference was statistically significant for the maxillary lateral incisor, maxillary cuspid, and mandibular lateral incisor. There was a statistically significant sex difference regarding the mean age of eruption only for the maxillary second molar for the girls and mandibular cuspid for the boys. The maxillary lateral incisor on the cleft side was the last tooth to erupt, thus modifying the sequence of eruption of the deciduous teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the interference of the cleft on the chronology of eruption of the deciduous teeth that are directly related to it.     

Multidisciplinary solution for an avulsed upper central incisor: case report

Abstract – This case report refers to an 18‐year‐old female who suffered from dental trauma when she was 7 years old caused by a bicycle accident. Her maxillary right central incisor was avulsed, and the left one was extrusively luxated. The left central incisor was correctly repositioned and immobilized with a semi‐rigid splint. The right one could not be found. She presented with class II malocclusion and severe negative arch‐length discrepancies in both arches. The treatment objectives were the following: recover smile esthetics by replacing the maxillary right central incisor, correct the class II relationship, and optimally reduce mandibular and maxillary crowding. Extractions of the maxillary left lateral incisor and the lower right first bicuspid were performed; thus, the maxillary right lateral incisor would function as a maxillary right central incisor, the canines would function as lateral incisors, and the first bicuspids would function as canines. This allowed for the malocclusion to be corrected while simultaneously reestablishing the smile esthetics, without the use of an osseointegrated implant. A good occlusion with coincident upper and lower midlines was achieved. After orthodontic therapy, the patient underwent periodontal surgery to improve her gingival margins. Subsequent teeth bleaching was performed, and the patient received six porcelain veneers. A combination of orthodontic space closure and prosthetic rehabilitation may be the best treatment option after severe traumatic tooth loss.     

Angle Ⅰ类错畸形患者的庞特指数对比的相关分析

目的：比较正常庞特指数与AngleI错畸形庞特指数之间的差异,分析错畸形切牙牙冠与磨牙宽度之间的关系。方法：选取Angle I错畸形患者40例,取上下颌硅橡胶模型,使用三维扫描仪进行三维扫描,然后使用计算机正畸设计软件OrthoRx V3.20建立三维模型并进行数据处理,在模型上选取测量标志点对各项指标进行测量,最终应用spss17.0统计软件分析AngleI错与正常之间差异。结果：AngleI错畸形上颌庞特指数与以往研究一致,下颌前磨牙和磨牙间庞特指数有显著性差异。结论：AngleI错畸形患者上颌骨各部的发育比例与正常颌基本一致,下颌畸形形成因素较复杂,需要根据个体情况适当扩展牙弓宽度。     

江苏地区正常的牙及牙弓测量研究

目的 测量125名江苏地区正常人群的模型,建立江苏地区正常牙及牙列指数的平均值。方法 选取正常模型125副(男61副,女64副),用电子游标卡尺测量牙冠宽度、牙弓宽度及长度、腭盖高度,对测量结果进行统计分析。结果 江苏地区正常人群的牙冠宽度、牙弓宽度及长度、腭盖高度均为男性大于女性,Bolton指数及Pont指数无性别差异。上下颌6个前牙牙冠宽度总和、全部牙冠宽度总和具有相关性,上颌中切牙与上颌前段牙弓宽度之间亦存在相关性,且建立了直线回归方程。结论 牙冠形态、牙列指数存在种族、地区和性别的差异,临床上应参照本民族、本地区的标准。     

错[牙合]畸形患者Bolton指数分析

目的：通过对错[牙合]畸形患者Bolton指数测量分析,探讨牙冠宽度与安氏各类错[牙合]畸形的关系。方法：错[牙合]畸形患者的初始记存模型382副,按照安氏Ⅰ、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2、Ⅲ类分组。测量牙冠宽度并计算Bohon指数,测量结果采用Dunean’s检验。结果：382例错[牙合]畸形病例的前牙比、全牙比、后牙比均没有性别间的差异。安氏Ⅰ、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2类错[牙合]畸形患者前牙比和全牙比与正常[牙合]人群基本一致,而Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形患者前牙比和全牙比则与正常[牙合]人群间存在差异,安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形患者的前牙比及全牙比明显高于其他各组,有显著性差异。结论：上下颌间牙量关系不调是安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形的主要病因之一。     

Comparison of intermaxillary tooth size discrepancies among different malocclusion groups.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a prevalent tendency for intermaxillary tooth size discrepancies among different malocclusion groups. This study consisted of 60 subjects who served as the normal occlusion group and 300 patients divided into 5 malocclusion groups (ie, Class I with bimaxillary protrusion, Class II Division 1, Class II Division 2, Class III, and Class III surgery). Tooth size measurements were performed on the models of normal occlusion and pretreatment models of patients by the Three Dimension Measuring Machine. Moreover, tooth size ratios, analyzed as described by Bolton and the Student t test showed no sexual dimorphism for these ratios in each of 6 groups, so the sexes were combined for each group. Then these ratios were compared among different malocclusion groups. The results showed no significant difference between subcategories of malocclusion, so these groups were combined. There were now 120 cases in each of 3 categories: Class I, Class II, and Class III. A significant difference was found for all the ratios between the groups, the ratios showing that Class III > Class I > Class II. It demonstrated that intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy may be one of the important factors in the cause of malocclusions, especially in Class II and Class III malocclusions. Thus this study proved the fact that Bolton analysis should be taken into consideration during orthodontic diagnosis and therapy.