巴戟天醇提物对衰老大鼠心肌组织的抗氧化作用

目的 探讨巴戟天醇提物对衰老大鼠心肌组织的抗氧化作用.方法 将健康6月龄Wistar雄性大鼠50只随机分为正常组、衰老组、阳性对照组、巴戟天醇提物3g/kg和1g/kg剂量组,各10只.分别给予相应的处理后,测定各组大鼠心肌组织中的超氧化物支化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)及丙二醛(MDA)水平.结果 衰老组较正常组大鼠心肌组织中SOD、GSH-Px水平降低,MDA水平升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);3个用药组较衰老组大鼠心肌组织中SOD、GSH-Px水平升高,MDA水平降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);巴戟天醇提物3g/kg组上述3个指标与阳性对照组的三者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),巴戟天醇提物1g/kg组上述3个指标与其他2个用药组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 巴戟天醇提物能够对抗衰老大鼠心肌组织氧化.     

巴戟天醇提物对衰老大鼠心肌组织的抗氧化作用

目的探讨巴戟天醇提物对衰老大鼠心肌组织的抗氧化作用。方法将健康6月龄Wistar雄性大鼠50只随机分为正常组、衰老组、阳性对照组、巴戟天醇提物3g／kg和1g/kg剂量组,各10只。分别给予相应的处理后,测定各组大鼠心肌组织中的超氧化物支化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）及丙二醛（MDA）水平。结果衰老组较正常组大鼠心肌组织中SOD、GSH—Px水平降低,MDA水平升高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;3个用药组较衰老组大鼠心肌组织中SOD、GSH—Px水平升高,MDA水平降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;巴戟天醇提物3g/kg组上述3个指标与阳性对照组的三者比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,巴戟天醇提物1g/kg组上述3个指标与其他2个用药组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论巴戟天醇提物能够对抗衰老大鼠心肌组织氧化。     

绞股蓝水提物对束缚水浸应激性胃溃疡模型大鼠的预防作用

目的:考察绞股蓝水提物对应激性胃溃疡模型大鼠的预防作用。方法:将60只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性组(三九胃泰颗粒,3.69 g/kg)和绞股蓝水提物高、中、低剂量组(4.0、2.0、1.0 g/kg,以生药计),每组10只,ig给药,每天1次,连续1周。给药结束2 h后,除正常组外,其余各组大鼠均采用束缚水浸法复制应激性胃溃疡模型。造模3 h后,测定溃疡指数(UI)、溃疡抑制率,测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)以及胃黏膜组织中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素1(ET-1)水平。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血清中SOD水平降低、MDA水平升高(P<0.05),胃黏膜组织中PGE2、NO水平降低,TNF-α、ET-1水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠UI明显降低、上述指标均明显改善,且具有一定的剂量依赖性,其中绞股蓝水提物高剂量组大鼠胃黏膜组织中PGE2、ET-1改善较阳性组更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:绞股蓝水提物可通过调控血清SOD-MDA平衡和胃黏膜组织NO-ET-1平衡、减轻胃黏膜损伤程度等方式发挥其预防胃溃疡的作用。     

太子参醇提物的抗脂质过氧化作用

目的 :研究太子参醇提物的抗脂质过氧化作用。方法 :用自然衰老模型大鼠 ,同时灌胃给予生药量 2 .16、4 .32、8.6 4g·kg-1·d-1的醇提物 ,观察其对自然衰老模型大鼠抗氧化系统的影响。结果 :生药量 2 .16、4 .32、8.6 4g·kg-1·d-1的太子参醇提物能使自然衰老模型大鼠血清、肝、肾组织中MDA不同程度下降 ,而SOD及GSH PX活力有不同程度提高。结论 :太子参醇提物有显著清除氧自由基、活性氧及抗脂质过氧化作用。     

旋复花水提物与醇提物的止咳化痰作用研究

目的研究旋复花水提物和醇提物的止咳化痰作用。方法给药组小鼠连续10 d灌胃给药后,采用氨水引咳建立模型,观察其咳嗽潜伏期及咳嗽次数;采用酚红排泄试验,测定给药组小鼠气管酚红排泄吸光度值,观察其祛痰作用。结果与空白对照组相比,给药组小鼠咳嗽次数减少,咳嗽潜伏期延长,气管酚红排泄吸光度值明显升高(P0.05)。与空白对照组相比水提物高剂量组、醇提物中高剂量组气管酚红排泄吸光度值差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论旋复花提取物具有一定的止咳化痰作用。     

马齿苋醇提物和当归醇提物的抗氧化活性研究

目的 研究马齿苋醇提物和当归醇提物的体外抗氧化作用,并比较两者合用时的抗氧化能力.方法 在体外化学模拟条件下,采用Fenton反应法和模拟机体中黄嘌呤与黄嘌呤氧化酶反应系统分别测定马齿苋醇提物、当归醇提物及两者合用对羟自由基(OH·)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的清除能力.结果 马齿苋和当归醇提物及两者合用对O2-·、和OH·均有良好的清除能力,且呈良好的量效关系;两者联合使用对O2-·、和OH·的清除能力明显优于单独使用;当归醇提物中阿魏酸含量与其对O2-·、和OH·清除能力呈正相关,r分别为0.954和0.932.结论 当归醇提物的抗氧化能力强于马齿苋醇提物,并与阿魏酸含量的相关性好,初步确定当归中抗氧化相关活性成分主要为阿魏酸;当归醇提物和马齿苋醇提物合用具有协同作用.     

干姜醇提物对大鼠利胆作用研究

采用胆总管插管引流胆汁方法,观察干姜醇提物对大鼠肝脏胆汁分泌的作用。结果显示：干姜醇提物（9g／kg和18g／kg）经口或十二指肠给药均能明显增加胆汁分泌量,维持时间长达3～4h,口服作用更强。     

补肾活血颗粒抗衰老作用研究

目的观察补肾活血颗粒的抗衰老作用。方法对16月龄SD大鼠连续给予补肾活血颗粒45d，末次给药后取血分离测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA），取胸腺、脾、肾上腺计算脏器系数。结果老年组大鼠的SOD活力明显降低，而MDA含量升高，补肾活血颗粒连续给药可明显升高SOD活力，降低MDA含量，对脏器系数未见明显影响。结论补肾活血颗粒可明显减少脂质过氧化反应，具有抗衰老作用。     

苏木水提物抗癌作用机制的研究

目的　探讨苏木水提物的抗癌作用机制。方法　分别采用腹腔注射、肌肉注射和灌胃等给药途径观察苏木水提物对小鼠移植性腹水瘤 EAC、白血病 P388、L12 10和肉瘤 S180的抑瘤作用 ,并进行了相应的体外抑瘤实验。结果　腹腔注射给药时高剂量组对各种腹水型移植瘤 (EAC、P388、L 12 10 )均有显著的抑制作用 ,但对实体瘤 S180无效。在相同剂量下肌肉注射及灌胃给药对各种移植瘤均未表现出抑瘤作用。体外抑瘤实验表明药物对各种瘤细胞均有一定的杀伤作用 ,且呈现出明显的量效相关性。结论　苏木水提物对癌细胞的杀伤作用是通过直接接触癌细胞而产生的 ,经机体吸收代谢后其抗癌活性消失     

海狗肾抗衰老作用的实验研究

目的：研究海狗肾对雄性老龄大鼠的抗衰老作用。方法：以环磷酰胺造成雄性大鼠生殖系统受损模型，灌胃海狗肾30d后，测定血清睾酮含量，血清SOD活性和MDA含量；采用石蜡包埋，H－E染色的方法，光镜下观察睾丸的组织学变化，结果：海狗肾能够显著提高正常大鼠和生殖系统受损模型大鼠的血清睾酮含量，改善其睾丸间质细胞的功能状态，促进精子的发生与发育，显著提高血清SOD活力，降低血清MDA含量，结论：海狗肾具有显著的抗衰老作用。     

野生食用菌的驯化和深层发酵

目的 探索野生食用菌在提高机体免疫力方面的价值。方法 采集木耳、树舌等沪产野生食用菌,取其伞褶约米粒大小,依次在碘伏液和混合等渗盐水消毒液中灭菌,无菌条件下接种在固体PDA培养基上,然后置于25℃温箱中培养出菌丝,继续进行提纯接种,直到获得实验室易于传代的纯种菌丝。将菌丝接种于液体培养基中,置室温下进行振荡培养。结果 大部分菌种可在4天内增殖出大量菌丝,7天左右可见明显的菌素和菌核。结论 动物实验证明,菌丝多糖水提液在提商机体免疫力方面有明显的作用。     

A novel protein from edible fungi Cordyceps militaris that induces apoptosis

Cordyceps militaris is a dietary therapeutic fungus that is an important model species in Cordyceps research. In this study, we purified a novel protein from the fruit bodies of C. militaris and designated it as Cordyceps militaris protein (CMP). CMP has a molecular mass of 18.0 kDa and is not glycosylated. Interestingly, CMP inhibited cell viability in murine primary cells and other cell lines in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Using trypan blue staining and a lactate dehydrogenase release assay, we showed that CMP caused cell death in the murine hepatoma cell line BNL 1MEA.7R.1. Furthermore, the frequency of BNL 1MEA.7R.1 cells at the sub-G1 stage was increased by CMP. Apoptosis, as determined by Annexin V and propidium iodide analysis, indicated that CMP could mediate BNL 1MEA.7R.1 apoptosis, but not necrosis. After coincubation with CMP, a decrease in mitochondria potential was detected using 3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide. These results suggest that CMP is a harmful protein that induces apoptosis through a mitochondrion-dependent pathway. Stability experiments demonstrated that heat treatment and alkalization degraded CMP and further destroyed its cell-death-inducing ability, implying that cooking is necessary for food containing C. militaris.     

温莪术内生真菌对植物病原真菌抑菌活性的研究

目的 研究温莪术内生真菌对植物病原真菌的抑制作用.方法 以玉米大斑病菌胁Helm inthos porium turcic-um、黄瓜枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporium f.sp.cilium ennum、禾谷镰孢菌Fusarium graminearum、立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani、串珠镰孢菌Fusarium moniliforme和玉米弯孢叶斑病菌Curvularia lunata为供试菌种,对55株温莪术Curcuma aromatica Salisb内生真菌及其次生代谢物进行抑菌活性的试验.结果 有15株内生菌及19株次生代谢产物至少对3种测试菌有抑制作用,9株内生菌及11株次生代谢产物对6种测试菌有抑制作用.结论 从温莪术内生真菌中可以选择出对植物病原真菌具有良好抑制作用的菌种.     

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracts from a variety of edible seaweeds.

Dietary Laminaria and Porphyra sp. have been reported to reduce the risk of intestinal or mammary cancer in animal studies. Algal anticarcinogenicity may involve effects on cell proliferation and antioxidant activity. Thus, in the present study, we evaluated the effect of red alga, dulse (Palmaria palmata) and three kelp (Laminaria setchellii, Macrocystis integrifolia, Nereocystis leutkeana) extracts on human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa cells) proliferation using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The 1-butanol soluble fractions from the methanol extracts of these algae were also evaluated for reducing activity and total polyphenol content. After 72 h incubation, HeLa cell proliferation was inhibited (p<0.05) between 0% and 78% by P. palmata; 0% and 55% by L. setchellii and 0% and 69% by M. integrifolia and N. leutkeana at 0.5-5mg/mL algal extract. Algal extract reducing activities were as follows: P. palmata>M. integrifolia>L. setchellii>N. leutkeana; and total polyphenol contents were: P. palmata>M. integrifolia=N. leutkeana>L. setchellii. The antiproliferative efficacy of these algal extracts were positively correlated with the total polyphenol contents (p<0.05), suggesting a causal link related to extract content of kelp phlorotannins and dulse polyphenols including mycosporine-like amino acids and phenolic acids.     

Antifungal and antiproliferative activities of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa

Context: Plants harbor endophytes with potential bioactivity. Markhamia tomentosa (Benth) K. Schum ex. Engl. (Bignoniaceae) is reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.

Objective: The antifungal and antiproliferative properties of endophytic fungi extracts and fractions from M. tomentosa were evaluated.

Material and methods: Endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of M. tomentosa and identified by ITS-rDNA sequence analysis. The antagonistic effect of the fungal strains was investigated against pathogenic fungi viz, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorium, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea using the dual culture assay for 5–7 days. Antiproliferative effect of the fungal extracts and fractions (3.91–250?μg/mL) on HeLa cancer cell line was tested and IC₅₀ was calculated. Poisoning food assay and antifeedant activity against the pathogenic fungi and Spodoptera litura larvae, for 7 days and 2?h, respectively, was also tested at concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000?μg/mL.

Results: Fungal endophytes Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Syncephalastrum racemosum were isolated from the leaves of M. tomentosa. Isolated endophytic fungal strains and solvent extracts showed MIC value of 1000?μg/mL against tested pathogenic fungi in the dual culture and poisoning food assays. Methanol fraction of S. racemosum isolate showed the most effective antiproliferative activity with IC₅₀ of 43.56?μg/mL. Minimal feeding deterrent activity against S. litura larvae was also observed.

Discussion and conclusion: These findings showed that the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa harbor strains of endophytic fungi with promising health benefits, and suggest their antifungal and antiproliferative effects against pathogenic fungi and HeLa cancer cell line.     

Isolation,characterization and antioxidant activities of the endophytic fungi from Hosta. Ventricosa

A total of 13 types of endophytic fungi, classified into six genera, were isolated from Hosta. ventricosa based on 18S rDNA sequencing of ITS region and microscopic examination. The antioxidant activities of the crude extracts were investigated by T-AOC, DPPH and ABTS⁺ methods. The results showed that the crude extracts from Fusarium oxysporum (HoV1) and Epicoccum (HoV4), which presented higher phenol levels (1.90±0.03 mg/g, and 2.41±0.01 mg/g, respectively), exhibited stronger comprehensive antioxidant activities, with higher T-AOC values (63.46±0.26 U/g, and 66.05±0.71 U/g, respectively), lower EC₅₀ values against ABTS⁺ (30.25±0.05 μg/mL, and 24.66±0.65 μg/mL, respectively)and DPPH radicals (83.42±0.24 μg/mL, and 59.136 μg/mL, respectively). Moreover, Fusarium oxysporum (HoV8) showed excellent scavenging activity against DPPH radicals (EC₅₀ = 16.02 μg/mL), which was better than BHT. All of them could be useful in the developing of new natural antioxidant agents.     

丛生形盔珊瑚共附生真菌的分离及其抗菌活性的筛选

目的本试验旨在研究珊瑚共附生真菌抗菌活性。方法采用96孔板培养法结合酶标仪测定。以6种常见的致病或致食品腐败的细菌为指示菌,对其共附生真菌次级代谢产物进行抗菌活性筛选,对抗菌能力及抗菌谱进行研究。结果结果表明:共分离丛生形盔珊瑚共附生真菌19株,均具有不同程度的抗菌活性。高活性菌株占52.63%,其中4-4、4-5两菌株表现出良好的抗菌活性。结论丛生形盔共附生真菌是潜在的抗菌资源,具有较高的应用潜力和综合开发前景。     

Assays of the biological activities of guaiane sesquiterpenoids isolated from the fruit bodies of edible lactarius species

Three sesquiterpenoids that are found in the edible mushrooms Lactarius deliciosus, L. deterrimus and L. sanguifluus, have been assayed for biological activity. The compounds tested were a stearic acid ester of a sesquiterpene (I) and a sesquiterpene aldehyde (lactaroviolin, II) and alcohol (deterrol, III). The assays used were for mutagenic activity in the Ames Salmonella assay, for antimicrobial activity against bacterial fungi and algae, for cytotoxicity against Ehrlich ascitic tumour cells and L 1210 cells, and for phytotoxic activity against Lepidium sativum and Seteria italica. All three compounds showed weak mutagenic activity in the Ames assay. Two compounds (II and III) were found to have moderate cytotoxic activity and one (III) exhibited weak antibacterial activity. No compound revealed phytotoxic, algicidal or antifungal activity.