降钙素原检测在儿童CAP中的早期诊断价值

目的探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)在儿童社区获得性肺炎(CAP)中的早期诊断价值。方法检测60例细菌性肺炎患儿(细菌性肺炎组),60例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿(肺炎支原体肺炎组)和30例病毒性肺炎患儿(病毒性肺炎组)及30例健康儿童(对照组)的血清PCT及C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平及白细胞计数(WBC),比较各组血清PCT和CRP水平及WBC结果。结果 CAP患儿血清PCT及CRP水平及WBC计数均明显高于对照组(P0.05);细菌性肺炎组血清PCT及CRP浓度及WBC计数均明显高于肺炎支原体肺炎组、病毒性肺炎组(P0.05)。CAP患儿PCT的ROC曲线下面积明显高于CRP(P0.05)。结论血清PCT在CAP患儿中的鉴别诊断价值优于CRP。     

血清内毒素、降钙素原、PDGF在CAP患者中的表达及临床意义

目的分析血清内毒素(LPS)、降钙素原(PCT)、血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)在社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者中的表达及临床意义。 方法选取2019年10月至2020年6月我院收治的37例CAP患者作为观察组，选取19例在我院进行体检的健康者作为对照组。分别采用动态浊度法、化学发光微粒子免疫检测法、酶联免疫吸附法检测血清LPS、PCT、PDGF含量，比较两组临床资料及血清LPS、PCT、PDGF含量，采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响CAP发生的因素，采用Pearson相关性分析血清肺炎严重指数评分(PSI)与血清LPS、PCT、PDGF含量的相关性，绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估血清LPS、PCT、PDGF含量对CAP的诊断价值。 结果观察组白细胞计数、血清LPS、PCT、PDGF含量高于对照组(P<0.05)；多因素Logistic分析结果显示，血清LPS、PCT、PDGF含量是CAP发生的危险因素(OR＝2.662，6.686，1.927，P<0.05)；Pearson相关性分析结果显示，PSI评分与血清LPS、PCT、PDGF含量正相关(r＝0.552，0.796，0.407，P<0.05)；血清LPS、PCT、PDGF含量、三者联合诊断CAP的AUC分别为0.650(95%CI＝0.489~0.810)、0.707(95%CI＝0.554~0.860)、0.622(95%CI＝0.447~0.764)、0.804(95%CI＝0.659~0.949)；三者联合诊断CAP的AUC大于单独血清LPS、PCT、PDGF的AUC(P<0.05)。 结论CAP患者血清LPS、PCT、PDG含量升高，血清LPS、PCT、PDG含量与肺炎严重程度密切相关，是CAP发生的危险因素，三者联合诊断CAP具有较高的灵敏度和特异度，有诊断意义。     

降钙素原、C 反应蛋白在诊断社区获得性肺炎中的价值评价

目的探讨降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞介素（IL）-6、C 反应蛋白（CRP）、外周血白细胞（WBC）在诊断社区获得性肺炎（CAP）中的诊断价值。方法共纳入因急性发热入院患者共107例,CAP 组59例、急性上呼吸道感染（简称上感）组48例。比较 PCT、IL-6、CRP、WBC 在两组间的差异。根据受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC）,评价4个参数对诊断 CAP 的价值,并得出最佳的诊断截点值。结果PCT、CRP、WBC 在 CAP 组较上感组明显增高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。PCT、IL-6、CRP、WBC 预测 CAP 的 AUC 分别为0．89、0．79、0．91、0．77。PCT、CRP 曲线下面积均高于 IL-6、WBC,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,表明 PCT 和 CRP 对诊断 CAP 可能具有较高的准确性。PCT ＝0．3 ng／ml 时预测 CAP 的敏感度为77．8％,特异度为85．4％,推荐为最佳截点值。CRP ＝120 mg／L 时,其预测 CAP 的敏感度为84．4％,特异度为93．3％,推荐为最佳截点值。结论PCT、CRP 可能是诊断 CAP 有效的生物标志物,可作为传统诊断模式的有效补充。     

血清降钙素原、C反应蛋白及血白细胞计数联合检测在颅脑手术后颅内感染中的预测价值

目的探讨降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC)联合检测在颅脑手术后颅内感染中的诊断价值。方法将我院收治的颅脑手术患者118例作为研究对象,按照术后是否出现感染将其分为感染组(53例)和未感染组(65例),检测比较两组患者血清PCT、CRP及WBC水平,通过ROC曲线下面积对患者颅内感染预测价值进行评价,并评价PCT、CRP及WBC的灵敏度及特异度。结果术后,感染组患者的PCT、CRP及WBC水平显著高于未感染组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经ROC曲线分析表明,PCT、CRP、WBC联合检测预测效能高于任一指标单独检测。结论 PCT、CRP及WBC联合检测预测颅脑手术后颅内感染的灵敏度及特异度最高,具有较高的诊断价值。     

血清降钙素原检测对细菌性肺炎及肺结核的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨血清降钙素原检测对细菌性肺炎及肺结核的鉴别诊断价值。方法分别检测45例细菌性肺炎患者和50例肺结核患者血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞(WBC)计数及中性粒细胞等指标。结果肺炎组PCT、CRP、WBC、中性粒细胞(率)明显高于其他两组(P0.05);肺炎组PCT诊断阳性率(77.8%)明显高于肺结核组(16.0%)(P0.05)。结论血清PCT检测对肺结核和细菌性肺炎具有重要的鉴别诊断价值。     

常用生物标志物及致病菌在社区获得性肺炎病情评估中的作用

目的探讨常用生物标志物白细胞(WBC)、血沉(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)及D-二聚体(D-D)水平与社区获得性肺炎(CAP)严重程度的关系。同时,比较CAP严重程度分级之间致病菌的差异。方法回顾性分析华中科技大学附属同济医院呼吸与危重症疾病科2013年1月至2014年12月收治的318例成人CAP患者WBC、ESR、CRP、PCT、FIB及D-D水平,比较CAP在严重指数(PSI)分级、(CURB-65)评分分级、非重症肺炎组与重症肺炎组、生存组与死亡组之间常用生物标志物表达的差异及相关性。通过回顾性分析患者痰培养、血培养结果,比较CAP在PSI分级之间致病菌的差异。结果按PSI及CURB-65分级,中高危组CAP患者PCT、CRP、WBC、D-D较低危组明显升高(P0.05),两组ESR、FIB测定值无明显差异(P0.05)。按IDSA/ATS指南标准,重症CAP患者PCT、CRP、WBC、D-D较非重症患者明显升高(P0.05),非重症患者FIB高于重症患者(P0.05),两组ESR测定值无明显差异(P0.05)。死亡组CAP患者PCT、CRP、WBC、D-D明显高于生存组患者(P0.05),两组ESR、FIB测定值无明显差异(P0.05)。PCT、CRP、WBC、D-D与PSI评分呈正相关(r=0.316,0.176,0.224,0.356,P0.05),与CURB-65评分呈正相关(r=0.274,0.146,0.216,0.311,P0.05),ESR、FIB与PSI、CURB-65评分无明显相关(P0.05)。318例成人CAP患者共培养出致病菌78株,其中中高危组及死亡组鲍曼不动杆菌检出率明显高于低危组及非死亡组(P0.05)。结论 PCT、CRP、WBC、D-D能反映CAP病情严重程度,其中PCT、D-D可以较好地评估CAP病情严重程度。中高危组及死亡组鲍曼不动杆菌检出率较低危组及非死亡组明显升高。     

血清降钙素原联合C反应蛋白早期诊断脓毒症的价值

目的探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)联合诊断筛查脓毒症的效果。方法选择54例脓毒症患者作为病例组和同期健康体检者45例作为对照组;比较两组患者的PCT、CRP、白细胞计数(WBC)、急性生理与慢性健康评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分等指标,分析PCT、CRP、PCT+CRP筛查脓毒症的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确度,分析影响脓毒症发病的危险因素。结果脓毒症组的PCT、CRP、WBC、APACHEⅡ评分均明显大于对照组(P<0.01);PCT联合CRP筛查脓毒症的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度分别为92.6%、84.4%、87.7%、90.5%、88.9%;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,PCT、CRP、WBC及APACHEⅡ评分均为脓毒症发病的独立危险因素。结论脓毒症患者早期具有较高的PCT、CRP水平,联合诊断具有较高的灵敏度、特异度和准确度。     

尿培养联合血清PCT、CRP、LPS水平检测在肾结石患者行经皮肾镜碎石术后尿道感染诊断中的应用

目的探讨尿培养联合血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、脂肪酶(LPS)水平检测在肾结石患者行经皮肾镜碎石术后尿道感染诊断中的应用价值。方法 104例肾结石患者均行经皮肾镜碎石术,根据术后尿道感染情况分为感染组(21例)和未感染组(83例);检测血清PCT、CRP、LPS水平,并行尿细菌培养;对比尿培养联合血清PCT、CRP、LPS水平与单独诊断尿道感染结果。结果感染组血清PCT、CRP、LPS水平、尿培养阳性率均高于未感染组(P<0.05);尿培养、血清PCT、CRP、LPS水平联合诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确率均高于单一诊断(P<0.05)。结论血清PCT、CRP、LPS及尿培养均可作为尿道感染诊断指标,但联合诊断可提高诊断准确率。     

脂肪酶对重症胰腺炎后续感染性胰腺坏死发生的影响及预测价值分析

[目的]探讨脂肪酶(LPS)对重症胰腺炎(SAP)后续感染性胰腺坏死(IPN)发生的影响及预测价值。[方法]以2015年1月~2019年1月因SAP收治入院的208例患者为研究对象,根据后续是否出现IPN,将其分为非感染组(120例)、感染组(88例)。对比2组SAP患者的基础资料(性别、年龄、病因、合并症、APACHEⅡ评分),实验室检查结果[血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(ALB)、白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、LPS、血淀粉酶(AMS)、降钙素原(PCT)],归纳后期IPN发生的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析LPS对SAP患者后续IPN发生的预测价值。[结果]SAP患者中,非感染组、感染组的性别、年龄、病因分布、合并症及Hb、ALB、WBC、AMS水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。感染组患者的APACHEⅡ评分及LPS、CRP、PCT水平高于非感染组(P<0.05)。APACHEⅡ评分及LPS、CRP、PCT水平均是SAP患者后续IPN发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,LPS水平为411.8 U/L时,其约登指数最大达0.575,对应的曲线下面积为0.825(95%CI 0.741~0.909),灵敏度、特异度分别为75.0%、82.5%。[结论]APACHEⅡ评分、LPS、CRP、PCT可能是影响SAP患者后续IPN发生的危险因素,同时LPS对IPN发生具有良好的预测价值。     

社区获得性肺炎患者呼出气冷凝液中降钙素原检测的临床意义

目的:探讨社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者呼出气冷凝液(EBC)中降钙素原(PCT)水平在病情评估及疗效评价中的价值。方法:收集72例CAP住院患者第1、3、7天的EBC及血清标本,测定PCT水平。入院时白细胞计数及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,记录CURB-65评分。另选择同期健康体检者48例作为正常对照组,测定其EBC及血清PCT水平。结果:①CAP组EBC中PCT水平高于正常对照组(P0.01);②与第1天比较,CAP组第3天和第7天EBC中PCT水平下降(P0.01);③EBC中PCT水平在高危组、中危组和低危组3组间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);④EBC中PCT水平与血中PCT、CRP、WBC水平和CURB-65评分皆呈正相关。结论:CAP患者EBC中PCT水平与患者病情严重程度具有较好的相关性,是判断CAP严重程度和预后的敏感指标。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.