南京市工业X射线探伤的放射卫生防护监测与评价

目的 了解工业X射线探伤的放射卫生防护现状。方法 对探伤作业场所的辐射水平和探伤人员的个人剂量进行监测。结果 专用探伤室的合格率仅为69%,现场探伤人员接受的年剂量当量是探伤室探伤人员的3倍以上。结论 应强调对专用探伤室的预防性卫生审查和对现场探伤的监督,提高从业人员的职业道德和素养。     

浦东新区工业X射线探伤的卫生防护现况调查

目的 了解我区工业X射线探伤的防护现状及探伤从业人员接受照射情况。方法 对浦东新区使用的X射线探伤企业的基本情况、放射防护现状以及探伤从业人员2005年和2006年两年的外照射个人剂量等进行调查。结果 浦东新区从事X射线探伤72家单位的委托检测率91.7%,87个探伤室环境检测的合格率93.1%;90%以上的探伤从业人员年剂量当量小于1mSv。结论 我区工业X射线探伤作业场所的检测率、外照射个人剂量监测率及从业人员体检率有待提高,应加强工业X射线探伤的职业卫生安全监督,提高探伤从业人员的防护意识。     

2018年十堰市放射工作人员外照射个人剂量监测结果分析

2018年采用热释光剂量测量法对883名放射工作人员进行外照射个人剂量监测。结果显示，规范监测759人，其中7人年有效剂量超过调查水平，无超过年有效剂量限值者。人均年有效剂量最高为介入放射学类人员，为0.75 mSv∕年；最低为X射线工业探伤类人员，为0.22 mSv/年。医用辐射类与工业辐射类放射工作人员，诊断放射学与核医学、介入放射学人员，X射线工业探伤与其他类（主要为核子秤、料位计、测厚仪等）人员人均年有效剂量差异有统计学意义。诊断放射学工作人员人均年有效剂量综合三甲医院<二级医院<一级医院，差异有统计学意义。提示十堰市放射工作人员整体受照水平较低，远低于国标限值。     

甘肃省工业X射线探伤人员染色体畸变分析及剂量水平调查

目的 观察和研究工业X射线探伤人员的染色体畸变情况和受照剂量的水平及二者之间的关系。方法 取工业X射线探伤人员外周血进行微量全血培养,按常规制备染色体标本、阅片;个人剂量采用从业人员佩戴热释光剂量计,一定时间后收回统一测量,进行数据统计处理。结果 工业X射线探伤人员的染色体畸变率为0.39%,高于对照组。人均年剂量当量为1.95 mSv·a^-1。结论 工业X射线探伤人员的染色体畸变率明显高于对照组,说明对其存在着一定危害。畸变率与受照剂量无明显相关关系。     

滨州市工业探伤放射防护现状及应对策略

目的为了解滨州市工业X射线探伤防护状况及管理情况,探讨滨州市工业探伤放射防护管理模式,确保从业人员的健康与安全。方法对2012年滨州市工业探伤作业场所周围辐射水平以及外照射个人剂量状况进行全面调查。结果在18家存在工业探伤的单位中,探伤室周围环境的辐射水平除部分探伤室的防护门和机房大门外较高外其他均符合国家标准的要求,放射工作人员持证率为70%,体检率70%,放射工作人员个人剂量检测率70%。结论放射防护主管部门应以法律为依据,以预防为主为指导方针,以放射防护监测、放射防护培训等手段进行管理,对探伤作业人员的辐照剂量进行控制,以使工业探伤放射工作人员的健康与安全得到保证。     

福建省工业X射线探伤放射防护监测情况

目的 为了解和掌握X射线探伤防护状况,加强管理,确保从业人员的健康与安全。方法 按照GBZ117-2002工业探伤作业场所周围辐射水平,现场探伤周围控制区、管理区范围,探伤机的漏射线空气比释动能率,探伤作业人员外照射个人剂量进行监测。结果 专用探伤室周围环境的辐射水平除部分探伤室的防护门和机房大门外较高外其他均符合国家标准的要求,移动式探伤时较专用探伤室操作室内操作控制台的剂量高,工业探伤放射工作人员剂量显示97%的人,年均个人剂量低于5 mSv。移动式探伤作业时,控制区最远达到39 m,管理区最远达到118 m。结论 放射防护主管部门应加强对放射防护法规、标准宣贯工作,加强预防性卫生监督,加强放射防护知识的培训教育,提高个人防护意识,并监督检查探伤作业的防护用品的配备使用,控制探伤作业人员的受照剂量,以保证X射线工业探伤放射工作人员的健康与安全。     

重庆市工业射线探伤和密封源应用放射工作人员2011--2012年外照射个人剂量监测结果分析

[目的]了解重庆市工业射线探伤和密封放射源应用放射工作人员的个人剂量水平。[方法]采用热释光剂量测量法对重庆市201l--2012年共500名放射工作人员的职业外照射个人剂量进行监测。[结果]2011-2012年接受监测的272名工业探伤工作人员个人剂量范围为O．0l～4．74mSv／a,人均个人剂量为O．145mSv／a;228名工业密封源应用人员个人剂量范围为0．01～1．56mSv／a,人均个人剂量为0．075mSv／a。[结论]重庆市工业放射防护总体良好,工作人员个人剂量水平符合国家标准规定的年剂量限值,但工业探伤高于密封源应用工作人员的人均年有效剂量。     

南京市工业X线探伤现状调查及防护管理

目的调查分析南京市工业X线探伤现状，探索如何对工业X线探伤进行有效监督管理。方法监测不同方式工业X线探伤的辐射剂量并对该市工业X线探伤单位防护现状进行调查。结果室内X线探伤测量点未测出辐射剂量，室外X线探伤辐射剂量随距离的增加而减少，不同方向的辐射剂量有差异。结论对室内、室外X线探伤要分别采取有针对性的防护管理措施。     

北京市平谷区个人剂量监测状况与分析

目的了解北京市平谷区放射工作人员个人剂量监测状况,为加强和改善放射防护工作提供科学依据。方法使用Excel等软件对个人剂量数据进行统计分析。结果1999~2004年平谷区个人剂量监测率逐年提高;1999~2002年不同工种放射工作人员的年有效剂量均<5mSv,所有工业探伤和核仪表人员的年有效剂量均<5mSv,X射线诊断操作人员中>5mSv的人数仅占监测总人数的0.5%。结论平谷区放射防护安全可靠,但应重点加强介入放射学操作和室外现场工业探伤的放射防护。     

南京市工业探伤人员个人剂量监测结果调查与分析

目的 了解南京市工业探伤人员受照剂量水平。方法 按照国家标准采用热释光剂量法。结果 3年的监测结果表明,96.8%以上的探伤作业人员年均剂量当量小于5mSv。结论 南京市绝大多数工业探伤人员的工作条件和环境是符合条件、安全的。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.