动物实验中胰岛素抵抗检测的几个问题

本文讨论了有关动物实验中检测胰岛素抵抗的几个问题.除了葡萄糖钳夹试验外,其他方法在动物实验中都存在问题.     

A complementary experimental method to study agents with mucolytic activity

The resins endothelial injection in the rat right lung allows to appreciate quantitatively the state of the broncheal tree. Associated to a technic showing the quality of mucoids retentions this method is useful for the showing of products with a mucolytic activity.     

甲状腺激素对成年犬心房组织学重构影响的实验研究

目的 研究甲状腺激素导致的心房肌组织学重构,从而探讨甲状腺功能亢进性房颤发生的组织学因素.方法 健康成年犬腹腔注射优甲乐建立甲状腺功能亢进动物模型.分别于不同时间段观察心房肌形态结构,测定心肌细胞直径,苦味酸天狼星红染偏振光测定胶原亚型.结果 实验组犬给药后组织学检查心肌坏死、空泡变性、纤维化.甲状腺激素导致左右心房纤维化异质改变,左房胶原蛋白合成、胶原容积分数高于右房,胶原组分改变.结论 甲状腺激素导致心房肌细胞坏死、纤维组织增生、胶原亚型改变,心房组织学显著重构.     

粥样病变血管内置入支架后血管内膜反应的研究

目的研究动脉粥样硬化病变血管置入镍钛合金支架后血管内膜反应及卡托普利对此反应的影响。方法８只小型猪在腹主动脉内膜剥脱后饲以高脂饲料，并随机分入两组（每组４只），组Ⅱ加用卡托普利（３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１），另设对照组４只小型猪腹主动脉球囊剥脱后不予高脂饲料和卡托普利（组Ⅲ）。２周后将１２只螺旋型镍钛形状记忆合金血管内支架分别置入１２只小型猪腹主动脉，６个月末和１０个月末分别处死动物，并对病变血管进行光镜和电镜检查。结果球囊剥脱后支架置入加高脂饲养组（组Ⅰ），腹主动脉支架段血管内膜严重增厚，以平滑肌细胞和结缔组织增生为主，有典型的粥样病变；加用卡托普利组（组Ⅱ）血管内膜厚度明显降低（与组Ⅰ比较，Ｐ＜０．０１），无明显粥样病变；组Ⅲ支架段血管内膜厚度明显低于组Ⅰ（Ｐ＜０．０１），略高于组Ⅱ（无统计学差异），内膜以结缔组织增生为主。结论（１）血管内支架置入后并不能阻止粥样病变的发展；（２）血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂对支架置入后血管内膜的增殖具有抑制作用。     

胃黏膜对阿司匹林适应性的实验研究

目的 探讨胃黏膜对阿司匹林的适应性及其发生机制。方法 连续数天经胃管给大鼠灌入酸化阿司区林（ａｃｉｄｉｆｉｅｄ ａｓｐｉｒｉｎ,ＡＳＡ）,计算胃黏膜损伤面积和损伤深度。用ＲＩＡ法检测胃黏膜组织内ＥＧＦ的含量。为观察一氧化氮（ＮＯ）在胃黏膜对ＡＳＡ适应性中的 应用ＡＳＡ前３０ｍｉｎ经大鼠性静脉分另注入Ｌ－精氨酸（Ａｒｇ）、Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ及Ｌ－Ａｒｇ＋ＬＮＡＭＥ,观察胃黏膜损伤面积及深度。结果 初次应用     

Research in nursing homes. Ethical issues

The growing need for care of elderly persons demands research in biomedical and clinical areas, as well as health services, social science, psychology, and ethics. There is a special urgency for research into the problems that affect persons needing long-term care, and for research into the structures and patterns of the delivery of long-term care. There are ethical issues in all aspects of human subjects experimentation, but the long-term care setting raises specific ethical issues related to the dependency of the subjects and to the fact of institutionalization. Special considerations about equity, informed consent, the meaning of special protections, and confidentiality are among those needing attention. Research into these ethical issues can serve to enable better research, not simply to act as a barrier to research. Understanding the conceptual and historical bases of the special problems in long-term care research will serve to further the understanding of how to improve long-term care.     

结核病若干问题研究进展

结核病是由结核分枝杆菌引起的一种严重危害人类健康的慢性传染病。据世界卫生组织（world Health Organi—zation,WHO）2010年全球结核病控制报告显示[1],2009年全球新发结核病患者940万,共有结核病患者1400万,死于结核病者130万。结核病给人类的健康带来了如此巨大的负担,人类一直致力于结核病诊断、治疗、预防等方面的研究。笔者将从以下5个方面来介绍结核病研究的一些进展。     

An experimental study of gastric cancer in relation to gastric ulcer

This experimental study shows that carcinogens are relatively harmless on intact gastric mucosa but can induce lesions when the mucosa has been damaged, particularly when the injury is deep as in gastrostomy. Human gastric carcinogenesis is discussed in the light of these findings.