新生儿监护病区患儿安全护理的效果评价

目的探讨新生儿监护病区患儿安全护理的效果。方法入住新生儿监护病区的646例患儿按无陪护全程护理,与未入住新生儿监护病区的509例患儿护理效果进行比较。结果入住与未入住新生儿病区患儿的臀红、鹅口疮、脐炎比较,P<0.01,有显著性差异。抢救成功率、死亡率、窒息率均有不同程度的改善。结论新生儿监护病区现有的安全护理是行之有效的,规范了护理管理;增强了护士的工作责任心;强化了安全意识和法制观念,提高了护理质量,确保了患儿安全。     

The conceptual structure of transition to motherhood in the neonatal intensive care unit

AIM: This paper is a report of a concept analysis of transition to motherhood for mothers with infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. BACKGROUND: Mothers with infants in a neonatal intensive care unit have more difficulty in their transition to motherhood compared with mothers of healthy infants. The concept of transition to motherhood in the neonatal intensive care unit is not well-understood in nursing, often being confused with mothers' psychological responses in the neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS: The concept analysis combined Rodgers' evolutionary method with Schwartz-Barcott & Kim's Hybrid method. Thirty-eight studies were reviewed and a purposive sample of 10 Korean mothers with infants in a neonatal intensive care unit was interviewed. FINDINGS: Three critical attributes of transition to motherhood in the neonatal intensive care unit were identified: (1) time-dependent process, (2) psycho-emotional swirling and (3) hovering around the edge of mothering. These are caused by the antecedents (1) unexpected outcome of pregnancy, (2) awareness of the situation and (3) mother-infant separation. The consequences were: (1) delayed motherhood and (2) developing a sense of meaning concerning family and life. Additionally, five influencing factors to be alleviated were identified: (1) negative meaning attribution, (2) uncertainty, (3) social prejudice, (4) lack of opportunities to make contact with the infant and (5) the neonatal intensive care unit environment. CONCLUSIONS: This concept analysis should help nurses to understand the process of becoming a mother in a neonatal intensive care unit and plan appropriate interventions for mothers with special needs.     

新生儿重症监护室早产儿父亲应对方式的研究进展

文章综述了新生儿重症监护室早产儿父亲应对方式的研究现状和影响因素,指出了早产儿父亲积极应对策略,并在此基础上提出展望,旨在借鉴国内外的研究成果,提高国内医务人员对早产儿父亲的关注,全面评估早产儿父亲的应对方式并给予相应干预,从而为进一步改善早产儿预后提供参考依据.     

Learning how we learn: an ethnographic study in a neonatal intensive care unit

Title.  Learning how we learn: an ethnographic study in a neonatal intensive care unit.
Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to identify how nurse clinicians learn with and from each other in the workplace.
Background.  Clinicians' everyday practices and interactions with each other have recently been targeted as areas of research, because it is there that quality of care and patient safety are achieved. Orientation of new nurses and doctors into a specialty unit often results in stress.
Method.  An ethnographic approach was used, including a 12-month period of fieldwork observations involving participation and in-depth interviews with nurse, doctor and allied health clinicians in their workplace. The data were collected in 2005–2006 in a paediatric teaching hospital in Australia.
Findings.  The findings were grouped into four dimensions: orientation of nurses, orientation of medical registrars, preceptoring and decision-making. The orientation of new staff (nursing and medical) is a complex and multi-layered process which accommodates multiple kinds of learning, in addition to formal learning. Workplace learning also can be informal, incidental, interpersonal and interactive. Interactive and interpersonal learning and the transfer of knowledge include codified and tacit knowledge as well as intuitive understandings of 'how we do things here'.
Conclusion.  Research into how nurses learn is crucial for illuminating learning that is non-formal and less recognized than more formal kinds. To provide a safe practice environment built on a foundation of knowledge and best practice, there needs to be an allocation of time in the busy workday for learning and reflection.     

新生儿重症监护病房高级实践护士职能的临床作用与期望度分析

目的 探讨新生儿重症监护病房高级实践护士职能的临床作用和发展期望度,为今后培养高级实践护士提供理论依据.方法 通过自制新生儿重症监护病房高级实践护士职能问卷,对本地区238名新生儿重症监护病房医护人员进行问卷调查,并对结果进行多维尺度分析.结果 新生儿重症监护病房高级实践护士6大职能主要分布在临床作用和职能期望度两个维度上,临床作用最大和职能期望度最高的是临床实践职能.结论 发展新生儿重症监护病房高级实践护士应着重培养护士的临床实践、教育、研究和管理职能.     

Parental experiences in neonatal intensive care unit in Ethiopia: a phenomenological study

IntroductionNeonatal intensive care unit is important to save the lives of a sick neonate; however, parents are challenged by several stressful conditions during their stay. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the lived experiences of parents in neonatal intensive care units in Ethiopia.MethodsWe used a phenomenological study design. The data were collected using an in-depth interview method from purposively selected parents. In addition, we followed a thematic analysis approach and used Open Code Software Version 4.02 to process the data.ResultsIn this study, 18 parents were interviewed. The researchers have identified six themes. Parents complained of psychological problems like anxiety, stress, worries, hopelessness, and a state of confusion. In addition, anger, crying, sadness, frustration, dissatisfaction, regret, disappointment, feeling bad, self-blaming, nervousness, disturbance, and lack of self-control were major emotional problems raised by the parents. Parents expressed that health care providers showed indiscipline, lack of commitment, and uncooperative behaviour. Likewise, shortage of medicines, money, and limited time to visit their neonates were the other concerns of many parents. At the same time, parents were provided minimal information and limited cooperation from health care providers.ConclusionParents whose infants admitted to the NICU were suffered from various psychological and emotional problems. Researchers recommend that health care providers should be supported parents with psycho-emotional problems, strengthen parents–healthcare workers'' interaction, and scale up neonatal intensive care unit services to the primary health care centres.

KEY MESSAGES

• Parents whose infants admitted to the NICU were suffered from psychological and emotional problems.
• Poor NICU environment, shortage of equipment, long hospital stay, the presence of pandemic COVID-19, and lack of parental involvement in the care were identified barriers that affected parents'' stay.

     

表格式出院指导在NICU的应用

目的：探讨表格式出院指导在早产新生儿监护（ NICU）的应用效果。方法针对NICU特点,制定表格式出院指导。使用前加强护士培训,完善规章制度和工作流程,比较使用口头式出院指导（n＝560）和表格式出院指导（n＝500）患儿家长对护理工作的满意度、对出院指导的依从性的差异。结果使用表格式出院指导后,患儿家属对服务可及性、健康教育、人文关怀满意度得分别为（4．13±0.27）,（4．52±0．33）,（4．56±0．34）分,均高于实施前,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为47．30,27．53,41.74;P＜0．01）。使用表格式出院指导后患儿各项复查率均高于使用前,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.01）。结论 NICU使用表格式出院指导,可以提高家属对健康教育的满意度,提高对健康教育的依从性。     

个体化护理服务模式对新生儿重症监护室早产儿预后的影响

目的探讨个体化护理服务模式对新生儿重症监护室(NICU)早产儿预后的影响。方法选取2017年1月至2019年2月入住该院NICU诊治的早产儿150例作为研究对象,根据入院先后顺序分为个体组(75例)和对照组(75例)。对照组早产儿给予常规护理,个体组在对照组护理的基础上给予个体化护理服务模式干预,记录与调查两组早产儿的预后。结果个体组早产儿护理1个月和3个月后的体质量与身长均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。个体组早产儿护理3个月后的智力发育指数与心理运动发育指数评分均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组早产儿护理3个月后的行为神经评分量表评分均明显高于护理前,并且个体组评分明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。个体组早产儿护理期间的再住院率为1.3%,明显低于对照组的10.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论个体化护理服务模式在NICU早产儿中的应用能促进其生长发育,加快早产儿的神经发育与智力发育,降低再住院率。     

Mothers' experiences of having their newborn child in a neonatal intensive care unit

BACKGROUND: From birth the child has an ability to respond to the environment, which influences the interaction between mother and child. If this attachment is interrupted, the child's emotional development is negatively influenced. When the child needs care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) it is difficult to establish contacts between mother and child. Separation from the child is found to be the most difficult aspect for mothers when their newborn child is hospitalized in a NICU. AIM: The aim of this study was to describe mothers' experiences when their full-term newborn child was cared for in a NICU during the postpartum maternity care period. METHOD: A phenomenological hermeneutic interview study was performed. Ten mothers were interviewed once, 6 months to 6 years after the experience. RESULTS: The essence of the experience is understood as an alternation between two opposite concepts, exclusion and participation, with emphasis on exclusion. A feeling of exclusion dominates when the new mother feels a lack of interaction and a sense of not belonging to either the maternity care unit or the NICU. This has a negative effect on her maternal feelings. On the contrary, when a feeling of participation dominates, a continuous dialogue exists and the mother is cared for as a unique person with unique needs. This supports her maternal feelings in a positive direction. The implication of the result for nurses is that it is important to decrease mothers' experience of exclusion and to increase their feeling of participation when their child is cared for in a NICU. A return visit to the responsible nurse to go through the treatment and experiences should be offered to all parents whose child has been cared for in a NICU.     

Reducing nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care: An intervention study

Nosocomial infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality for hospitalized neonates. This report describes measures taken to reduce the prevalence of nosocomial infection within a 34‐bed neonatal intensive care unit in Malaysia. Interventions included a one‐to‐one education programme for nursing staff (n = 30); the education of cleaners and health‐care assistants allocated to work in the unit; and the introduction of routine (weekly) screening procedure for all infants with feedback given to staff. The education programme for nurses focused on the application of standard precautions to three common clinical procedures: hand washing, tracheobronchial suctioning and nasogastric tube feeding. These were evaluated using competency checklists. The prevalence of nosocomial blood and respiratory tract infections declined over the 7‐month study period. This study highlights the importance of education in contributing to the control of nosocomial infection in the neonatal intensive care unit.     

集束照护策略对提高NICU医护人员手卫生依从性的作用

目的 探讨集束照护策略对提高新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)医护人员手卫生依从性的作用.方法 通过开展品质罔活动,实施医护人员手卫生的集束照护策略(care bundle),即:(1)加强培训和管理,增强手卫牛意识,强化手卫牛观念;(2)进行环境改造和流程再造,创建手卫生的氛围和方便的洗手设施;(3)加强监督,医护人员共同参与,保证洗手的正确性.对实施集束照护策略前后NICU医护人员入室及接触患儿前手卫生的落实情况进行比较分析. 结果NICU医护人员入室、接触患儿前手卫生实施率分别由集束照护策略实施前的32.1%、92.0%上升至实施后的97.4%、99.3%;新生儿院内感染的发生率由实施前的2.22%下降到实施后的1.38%.结论 集束照护策略能有效提高医护人员手卫生的依从性,预防医院内感染发生.     

循征医学在新生儿重症监护病房感染控制中的应用

目的 应用循征医学的方法建立新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）感染控制流程.方法 通过对NICU感染控制相关资料的调查,确定存在的问题,利用医学文献数据库（Medline）等相关医学网站检索相关文献,进行评价整合证据,以系统科学的方法建立NICU感染控制流程.结果 对照组和观察组对比：奶瓶奶嘴清洁消毒合格率,空气、物体表面、保温箱湿化水监测以及两组医护人员洗手依从性,各项监测指标差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.结论 应用循征医学的方法建立NICU感染控制流程,是科学、有效的方法.     

月市部超声在ICU的应用

对于危重症患者来说,呼吸功能的评价至关重要。一般临床医生通过体格检查配合x线胸片及CT等放射学检查即可对患者肺部情况得出大致印象。通常X线胸片敏感性较低,往往需进一步CT检查,而CT又因为其辐照度高使得检查重复性较差。降低辐照度是现代影像医学的发展方向之一。     

新生儿重症监护病房医院感染的因素探讨及防控对策

目的探讨新生儿重症监护病房医院感染的原因及对策。方法采用回顾性调查研究的方法,对2007年1月至2008年12月我院新生儿重症监护病房收治的981例患儿的病例资料进行统计学分析。结果发生医院感染23例,感染率2.33%,感染部位以胃肠道为主,其次为呼吸道、皮肤黏膜、口腔、其他等,病原体以肺炎克雷伯菌、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为主。结论采取严格的消毒隔离制度,合理使用抗生素,尽量缩短住院时间等相应措施可有效减少新生儿医院感染的发生。     

Core measures for developmentally supportive care in neonatal intensive care units: theory, precedence and practice

Title. Core measures for developmentally supportive care in neonatal intensive care units: theory, precedence and practice. Aim. This paper is a discussion of evidence‐based core measures for developmental care in neonatal intensive care units. Background. Inconsistent definition, application and evaluation of developmental care have resulted in criticism of its scientific merit. The key concept guiding data organization in this paper is the United States of America’s Joint Commission’s concept of ‘core measures’ for evaluating and accrediting healthcare organizations. This concept is applied to five disease‐ and procedure‐independent measures based on the Universe of Developmental Care model. Data sources. Electronically accessible, peer reviewed studies on developmental care published in English were culled for data supporting the selected objective core measures between 1978 and 2008. The quality of evidence was based on a structured predetermined format that included three independent reviewers. Systematic reviews and randomized control trials were considered the strongest level of evidence. When unavailable, cohort, case control, consensus statements and qualitative methods were considered the strongest level of evidence for a particular clinical issue. Discussion. Five core measure sets for evidence‐based developmental care were evaluated: (1) protected sleep, (2) pain and stress assessment and management, (3) developmental activities of daily living, (4) family‐centred care, and (5) the healing environment. These five categories reflect recurring themes that emerged from the literature review regarding developmentally supportive care and quality caring practices in neonatal populations. This practice model provides clear metrics for nursing actions having an impact on the hospital experience of infant‐family dyads. Conclusion. Standardized disease‐independent core measures for developmental care establish minimum evidence‐based practice expectations and offer an objective basis for cross‐institutional comparison of developmental care programmes.