洛阳市乳腺癌筛查结果分析

目的掌握职业女性乳腺疾病患病情况,为乳腺癌早期预防工作提供依据。方法对洛阳市3 158名35～69岁妇女通过视触诊并结合乳腺血氧功能影像仪检查、日本F-CR钼靶照相和病理检查。结果发现各种乳腺疾病1 245例,患病率为39.4%。其中乳腺增生1 204例,占96.7%,占各种乳腺疾病之首位;良性肿瘤34例,占2.7%;乳腺癌7例,占0.6%。乳癌按TNM分期,Ⅰ期1例,Ⅱ期2例,Ⅲ期1例。结论乳腺增生病为妇女常见病、多发病。乳腺癌筛查对早期发现癌前病变及原位癌、降低发病率和死亡率、有效地保障女性健康具有重要意义。     

乳腺癌的早期诊断问题

<正> 乳腺癌是危害广大妇女健康的疾病,治疗手段近20年来虽几经改进,但死亡率迄今无下降趋势,其根本的原因是,目前临床上发现的乳腺癌多为中、晚期,真正早期乳腺癌比例甚少。为了改善乳腺癌的疗效,探索如何诊断乳腺癌的途径是至关重要的。本文就有关乳腺癌早期诊断问题进行综述。一、早期乳腺癌的含义何谓早期乳腺癌目前尚无统一定义。不少人将临床Ⅰ期,甚至未发现腋淋巴结转移的局部Ⅱ期癌列入早期。据实验及临床     

新乡市城镇妇女乳腺癌筛查临床分析

目的对新乡市城镇妇女乳腺癌的发病情况进行筛查,以达到早期发现、早期诊断及早期治疗,降低新乡市城镇妇女乳腺癌的病死率。方法由固定的专业医务人员采用临床乳腺检查进行初筛,按年龄分层选择性乳腺超声检查及乳腺X线检查的乳腺癌筛查方案,对9048名新乡市城镇适龄妇女进行乳腺癌筛查。结果 9048名妇女共检出乳腺癌15例,检出率为165.78/10万(15/9048),其中Ⅰ期9例,Ⅱ期4例,Ⅲ期2例。乳腺临床检查中发现乳腺腺体结节样增厚2738例,乳腺肿块389例,病理性溢液53例,占筛查人群的35.14%(3180/9048),各年龄段乳腺异常情况的差异有统计学意义。结论开展乳腺癌筛查对新乡市城镇妇女乳腺癌的早期发现有重要意义。     

乳腺肿块针吸组织端粒酶活性表达的研究

乳腺癌是危害妇女健康的主要恶性肿瘤，全世界每年约120万妇女发生乳腺癌，有50万死于乳腺癌，乳腺癌已成为威胁女性生命的第二大疾病。目前已公认乳腺癌是一种全身性疾病，早期即有转移，因此，探索提高乳腺癌早期确定诊断的方法对于提高乳腺癌的治疗效果有重要意义。端粒酶(Telomerase)是由RNA成分和蛋白质组分构成的一种核糖     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗患者前哨淋巴结活检的研究进展

乳腺癌是严重威胁妇女健康的常见恶性肿瘤,也是目前导致妇女死亡的重要疾病之一.随着对乳腺癌基础及临床研究的不断深入,乳腺癌的治疗理念发生了巨大变化.新辅助化疗早期仅用于局部晚期乳腺癌的治疗,近年来研究发现该治疗手段对于早期乳腺癌患者可明显减少体内微小转移病灶,缩小原发肿瘤体积,降低肿瘤临床分期,增加手术切除及保乳机会.前哨淋巴结活检主要适用于早期乳腺癌患者,那么对于新辅助化疗后降期的乳腺癌患者,是否能够通过前哨淋巴结活榆来判断其腋窝淋巴结的状态?目前尚未达成共识,本文就乳腺癌新辅助化疗及前哨淋巴结活检的研究作一综述.     

1447例女工乳腺疾病普查结果分析

近年来乳腺癌的发病率逐年攀升,已成为影响妇女身体健康的最大杀手之一,要做到乳腺癌的早期发现、早期治疗,降低病死率,首先要加大乳腺疾病防治知识的宣传力度,提高妇女的自我保健意识,做到定期乳腺自查结合影像学检查,才能更好的早期筛查出乳腺癌。为了解女性乳腺疾病,尤其是乳腺癌的流行情况,石河子开发区医院于2008年6～74对石河子天业集团女工进行了乳腺疾病普查,现将结果分析如下     

万例妇女乳腺癌筛查结果分析

目的 探讨适龄妇女早期发现、早期诊断乳腺癌的筛查方法.方法 行乳腺临床体检、乳腺钼靶X线摄片和超声检查相结合的筛查方法对适龄妇女进行体检,并以组织病理学检查为诊断依据.结果 红塔区16个社区35～69岁一万例适龄妇女接受筛查,检出乳腺疾病24例,确诊乳腺癌5例,乳腺癌发病率为50/10万.结论 乳腺癌筛查方法安全、有效、经济,并能早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗,提高患者远期生存率,降低死亡率,值得推广应用.     

彩色多普勒超声在乳腺疾病筛查中的价值

近年来,妇女乳腺疾病特别是乳腺癌的发病率有逐渐上升趋势,发病年龄不断提前,已成为我国城市妇女发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,欧美国家妇女目前乳腺癌的发病率较10年前增加了大约3%,而死亡率却下降了20%,其根本原因就在于这些国家的妇女每年都接受一次乳腺癌的筛查,因而使乳腺癌的早期诊断和治疗得到了实现。通过对正常人群的乳腺癌筛查,     

彩色多普勒超声对乳腺癌的诊断价值

乳腺癌是严重危害妇女健康的主要疾病之一。目前在我国乳腺癌居妇女恶性肿瘤第二位,并且发病率有逐年上升的趋势。超声因其简便易行,已成为诊断乳腺疾病的常规检查方法之一。本文回顾性分析了近期110例经手术病理证实的乳腺癌超声图像,进行总结分析,以期进一步提高乳腺癌诊断水平。     

乳腺癌综合影像学检查的应用价值

近年来,世界范围内的乳腺疾病呈明显增多趋势,尤其是乳腺癌严重地危害广大妇女的身心健康.据统计我国乳腺癌的发病率占女性肿瘤的第二位,乳腺癌治疗后生存率高.鉴于目前乳腺癌的一级预防在尚无良策的情况下，早期发现、早期诊断和早期治疗则是降低乳腺癌死亡率和改善预后的关键，     

The role of central nervous system on hypoglycemia and the feasibility of the brain theory in traditional Chinese medicine on treatment of diabetes mellitus

The central nervous system （CNS） plays a key regulatory role in glucose homeostasis. In particular, the brain is important in initiating and coordinating protective counterregulatory responses when blood glucose levels fall. This may due to the metabolic dependency of the CNS on glucose, and protection of food supply to the brain. In healthy subjects, blood glucose is normally maintained within a relatively narrow range. Hypoglycemia in diabetic patients can increase the risk of complications, such as heart disease and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The clinical research finds that the use of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a positive effect on the treatment of hypoglycemia. Here the authors reviewed the current understanding of sensing and counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia, and discuss combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine and the theory of iatrogenic hypoglycemia in diabetes treatment. Furthermore, the authors clarify the feasibility of treating hypoglycemia on the basis of TCM theory and CNS and have an insight on its clinical practice.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究:津液辨证(英文)

Intraditional Chinese medicine (TCM),the so-called津液refers to all the fluid and liquid flowingand maintaining inside the human body.In Chineselanguage,津液is a phrase composed of twoChinese characters which describes two differentkinds of fluid or liquid in the human body .According to the theory of TCM,津refers to thepart of fluid that is thin in texture and flowss moothly inside the body while液refers to thepart of fluid that is thick in texture and mainlymaintains in the joints of the body to nourish andlubr...     

Effects of the aqueous extract of Schizandra chinensis fruit on ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety in rats

Background We previously demonstrated that the aqueous extract of the Schizandra chinensis fruit （AESC） ameliorated Cd-induced depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain through antioxidant activity.In the present study,we investigated the effect of AESC on anxiety-like behavior and the levels of norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol （a metabolite of norepinephrine） in different brain regions during ethanol withdrawal in rats.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 3 g/kg of ethanol （20％,w/v） or saline by daily intraperitoneal injection for 28 days followed by three days of withdrawal.During withdrawal,rats were given AESC （100 mg.kg 1.d-1 or 300 mg.kg 1·d1,P.O.） once a day for three days.Thirty minutes after the final dose of AESC,the anxiogenic response was evaluated using an elevated plus maze,and the plasma corticosterone levels were examined by radioimmunoassay.Meanwhile,the concentrations of norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and hippocampus were also measured by high performance liquid chromatography.Results Rats undergoing ethanol withdrawal exhibited substantial anxiety-like behavior,which was characterized by both the decrease in time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and the increased level of corticosterone secretion,which were greatly attenuated by doses of AESC in a dose-dependent manner.The high performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that ethanol withdrawal significantly increased norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol levels in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus,while not significantly altering them in the hippocampus.Similar to the results from the elevated plus maze test,the AESC significantly inhibited the elevation of norepinephrine and its metabolite in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions These results suggest that AESC attenuates anxiety-like behavior induced by ethanol withdrawal through modulation of the hypothalamic norepinephrine system in the brain.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：八纲辨证（三）

The Chinese characters 寒 and 热, 虚, and 实 are quite common concepts in Chinese language. However in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, they are used as four principles in syndrome differentiation. In terms of translation, 寒 and 热 are very easy to understand and can be simply translated as ＂cold＂ and ＂heat＂. But the transla- tion of 虚 and 实 used to be a problem. For a quite long time in translation practice,     

Chinese herbal medicine Xinfeng Capsule in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis： study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND： Rheumatoid arthritis （RA）, as a common systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, affects approximately 1 in 100 individuals. Effective treatment for RA is not yet available because current research does not have a clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of RA. Xinfeng Capsule, a patent Chinese herbal medicine, has been used in the treatment of RA in recent years. Despite its reported clinical efficacy, there are no large-sample, multicenter, randomized trials that support the use of Xinfeng Capsule for RA. Therefore, we designed a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of Xinfeng Capsule in the treatment of RA. METHODS AND DESIGN： This is a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial on the treatment of RA. The participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group at a ratio of 1：1. Participants in the experimental group will receive Xinfeng Capsule and a pharmaceutical placebo （imitation leflunomide）. The control group will receive leflunomide and an herbal placebo （imitation Xinfeng Capsule）. The American College of Rheumatology （ACR） Criteria for RA will be used to measure the efficacy of the Xinfeng Capsule. The primary outcome measure will be the percentage of study participants who achieve an ACR 20% response rate （ACR20）, which will be measured every 4 weeks after randomization. Secondary outcomes will include the ACR50 and ACR70 responses, the side effects of the medications, the Disease Activity Score 28, RA biomarkers, quality of life, and X-rays of the hands and wrists. The first four of the secondary outcomes will be measured every 4 weeks and the others will be measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. DISCUSSION： The result of this trial will help to evaluate whether Xinfeng Capsule is effective and safe in the treatment of RA. TRIAL REGISTRATION： This trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. The identifier is N CT01774877.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：八纲辨证（一）（英文）

The so-called eight principles include阴,阳,表,里,寒,热,虚,实which are usually transliterated and translated as yin,yang,exterior, interior,cold,heat,deficiency and excess.These eight principles serve as a theoretical basis for treatment based on syndrome differentiation. These eight principles are easy to understand, translate and standardize.     

WHO西太区与世界中医药学会联合会中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：各科辨证（二）

外伤瘀滞证pattern/syndrome of stasis and stagnation due to traumatic injury：a pattern/syndrome attributedtotraumaticinjury causinglocal stagnation of qi and blood,manifested by local ecchymosis,pain and tendernessIn Chinese language,瘀and滞are two concepts which are si milar to each other in meaning under certain context,     

关于WHO/ICTM术语问题的几点建议

2008年,世界卫生组织（World Health Organization,WHO）启动了＂疾病名称国际分类第11版＂（International Classification of Diseases-11,ICD-11）的修订工作[1]。与ICD前10版不同的是,在第11版的修订工作中,专门设置了第23章,拟将传统医学纳入其中。但就目前的发展来看,能纳入其中的,只有源自中国的传统医学,即中医药学。