Calpain免疫BALB／c鼠后IFN-γ和IF-4水平的动态变化

目的探讨弓形虫疫苗候选分子-钙离子激活的中性蛋白激酶（Calpain）的保护性免疫力和免疫保护性机制。方法用重组纯化的Calpain抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,RT—PCR分析Calpain抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠一氧化氮激酶（iNos．eNos．nNos）mRNA的表达;ELISA分析免疫小鼠体外培养脾细胞产生的细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-4的动态变化。结果重组Calpain抗原免疫小鼠后,RT—PCR测定重组Calpain抗原免疫1周小鼠iNos mRNA的表达显著性的增强,培养24h免疫鼠脾细胞上清中IFN-γ浓度显著性的高于对照组,而IL-4的产生在免役组与对照组差异无统计学意义。结论Calpain抗原能够诱导IFN-γ的产生,提示Calpain诱导Th1的免疫应答反应来抗弓形虫的感染。     

Calpain重组分子免疫小鼠IFN-γ和IL-4表达的变化

目的探讨日本血吸虫疫苗侯选分子-钙离子激活的中性蛋白激酶（Calpain）的保护性免疫和免疫保护机制. 方法用重组纯化的Calpain抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,RT-PCR分析小鼠-氧化氮激酶（iNos.enos.nNos）mRNA的表达;ELISA分析免疫小鼠体外培养脾细胞产生的细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-4的动态变化.结果重组Calpain抗原免疫小鼠1周后,小鼠iNos mRNA的表达显著增强;培养24h免疫鼠脾细胞上清中IFN-γ浓度显著高于对照组,而IL-4的产生在免役组与对照组之间无显著性差异. 结论Calpain抗原能诱导IFN-γ的产生,提示Calpain诱导Th1的免疫应答反应来抗日本血吸虫的感染.     

重组Calpain蛋白诱导抗体产生及检测日本血吸虫感染的研究

目的 研究在大肠杆菌中表达的日本血吸虫Calpain蛋白的免疫原性及其在日本血吸虫病诊断上的应用。方 法用重组Calpain蛋白免疫BALB／c小鼠，ELISA法测定特异性IgG抗体的动态变化及其IgG亚型(IgG1，IgG2a，IgG2b，IgG3)产生特征；同时用重组Calpain蛋白作为诊断抗原，粪检血吸虫病阳性患者血清作为一抗，肝吸虫阳性患者血清作为考核交叉反应血清。结果 重组Calpain抗原免疫小鼠后，产生了一个极高的抗Calpain特异性抗体，免疫4周IgG类抗体达到高峰，与对照组鼠相比较免疫鼠血清中IgG1，IgG2a，IgG2b特异性抗体也显著上升；Calpain重组抗原血清检测日本血吸虫和粪检的符合率为100％，粪检阳性EPG低的个体抗Calpain抗体滴度高，EPG高的患者抗Calpain抗体滴度反而低，与肝吸虫的交叉反应率为37％。结论 日本血吸虫Calpain是一个具有免疫原性的蛋白，能够激发宿主产生高水平的免疫球蛋白，能够敏感地测定日本血吸虫的感染，提示Calpain可以发展成为日本血吸虫病的诊断抗原和日本血吸虫疫苗候选分子。     

抗日本血吸虫童虫表膜单克隆抗体的制备

目的为制备分泌抗日本血吸虫感染保护性单克隆抗体细胞株。方法应用杂交瘤技术，将照射致弱尾蚴免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠的脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤的细胞融合。结果经两次以上有限稀释克隆化后，抗日本血吸虫童虫表膜抗原阳性率为１００％，建立了５株稳定分泌抗童虫表膜单抗的细胞株。杂交瘤细胞诱生腹水，ＥＬＩＳＡ效价达１０．６４×１０５～１１．２８×１０５。初步鉴定单克隆抗体类型分别为ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ２ａ和ＩｇＧ２ｂ。抗原抗体定位于童虫表膜。结论该单抗的制备为进一步研制抗日本血吸虫童虫表膜分子疫苗奠定基础。     

日本血吸虫抗原的表位模拟肽筛选及免疫保护性

目的　筛选日本血吸虫雄虫抗原的表位模拟肽 ,并探讨其诱导小鼠抗日本血吸虫的免疫保护性。　方法　用日本血吸虫可溶性雄虫抗原的IgG对噬菌体随机 1 2肽库进行亲和筛选。 3轮筛选后 ,经Dot-ELISA检测获得阳性噬菌体克隆 ,并用混合特异性噬菌体克隆免疫小鼠及进行抗日本血吸虫免疫保护性分析。　结果　 1 8个特异性噬菌体克隆均显示有抗原性 ,其噬菌体混合克隆免疫诱导小鼠产生了特异性抗体 ,以及 31 72 %的减虫率和 51 54%的减卵率 ,与对照组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 0 1 )。　结论　筛选噬菌体肽库获得的日本血吸虫可溶性雄虫抗原的表位模拟肽分子能诱导小鼠产生抗日本血吸虫的保护性免疫。     

小鼠中性粒细胞对体外培养日本血吸虫童虫杀伤作用的研究

用体外培养方法,观察了小鼠腹腔中性粒细胞、中性粒细胞与免疫血清、补体等因子对体外机械转变的日本血吸虫童虫的杀份作用。实验结果表明:单纯小鼠中性粒细胞对童虫无杀伤作用;但在抗体及补体参与下,对童虫的杀伤明显增强,提示中性粒细胞与血清免疫因子对童虫的杀伤有协同作用。此外,比较正常小鼠和感染小鼠中性粒细胞对童虫的杀伤能力,比较不同虫龄对中性粒细胞参与的免疫作用的敏感性,证实机械转变童虫孵育24h 后对中性粒细胞参与的免疫杀伤的抵抗力增强(P<0.01)。文中对中性粒细胞依赖抗体、补体对童虫的杀伤机理进行讨论。并提出评价血吸虫细胞免疫标准化问题的意见。     

血吸虫单克隆抗体的研究进展

Verwaerde等(1979年)采用感染的大鼠脾脏作为免疫细胞的来源,制备了抗血吸虫抗原的单克隆抗体,用免疫荧光法显示这些抗体能与血吸虫童虫表膜起强烈反应。在2份培养的上清液中测得IgE抗体,该种IgE抗体显示高滴度(1/256)的被动皮肤过敏反应活性。在5份培养上清液中测得对童虫有补体依赖的细胞毒作用的抗体。在4份标本中测出IgG2a抗体,此种抗体对童虫有明显的嗜酸性粒细胞依赖的细胞毒作用,与感染35 d鼠免疫血清的细胞毒水平一致。Taylor等(1982年)用小鼠骨髓癌细胞(NS-1)与血吸虫慢性感染或注射照射尾蚴免疫的小鼠脾细胞融合,建立了41株克…     

表达mIFN-γ的重组链球菌的构建及其对重组Sj-F1链球菌疫苗免疫调节作用研究

目的 构建表达mIFN-γ的重组链球菌,并与重组日本血吸虫Sj-F1链球菌疫苗进行联合免疫,观察IFN-γ对重组日本血吸虫Sj-F1链球菌疫苗的免疫调节效应.方法 用PCR法扩增mIFN-γ基因,亚克隆至链球菌重组质粒pGMB1,经PCR、限制性酶切和测序鉴定筛选阳性重组子.将阳性重组质粒转化链球菌载体,经抗生素抗性转化及染色体PCR鉴定筛选阳性重组链球菌.用Streak blot和Westem blot分析鉴定重组链球菌的表达情况.鉴定后的重组mIFN-γ链球菌与重组Sj-F1链球菌疫苗联合应用,经滴鼻接种免疫昆明小鼠,观察诱导产生的减虫和减卵效果.结果 成功构建了分泌mIFN-γ重组链球菌.Streak blot和Westem blot分析表明重组链球菌能分泌mIFN-γ并可稳定遗传.免疫保护性实验表明,重组mIFN-γ链球菌与重组日本血吸虫Sj-F1链球菌疫苗联合免疫,减虫率和减卵率分别为31.56％和47.48％,与单用重组Sj-F1链球菌疫苗比较减虫率和减卵率均增加.结论 结果表明,重组mIFN-γ链球菌能增强重组Sj-F1链球菌疫苗抗日本血吸虫感染的保护力.     

BALB/c小鼠口服重组幽门螺杆菌热休克蛋白A疫苗的免疫应答

目的评价重组热休克蛋白A(rHspA)作为幽门螺杆菌(Hp)口服疫苗成分的效果.方法采用重组Hp保护性抗原HspA与粘膜免疫佐剂(霍乱毒素,CT;大肠不耐热肠毒素B亚单位,LTB)共口服免疫BALB/c小鼠,ELISA分析小鼠血清、胃肠粘液中IgA、IgA抗体水平,体外培养脾淋巴细胞在Hp刺激下的增殖情况以及IL4、IFN-γ的变化.结果单纯口服rHspA组产生的抗体水平与对照组(PBS)相差不显著,而rHspA 佐剂组与对照组相差非常显著.rHspA 佐剂组小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外培养,在Hp抗原刺激作用下出现明显的增殖反应;不加佐剂免疫组分泌IFN-γ水平增加,IL-4水平未发现增加;而加佐剂免疫组除IFN-γ水平增加外,IL-4水平也发现显著增加.结论BALB/c小鼠口服rHspA和CT以及LTB混合制剂能有效激发机体产生全身和局部特异性的体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答.     

重组核酸疫苗诱导小鼠抗血吸虫感染的免疫学研究

目的为日本血吸虫病的防治寻求新的高效联合基因免疫策略。方法构建共表达日本血吸虫相对分子质量23000表膜蛋白(Sj23)基因与鼠IL12基因的核酸疫苗质粒pVIVO2IL12Sj23,转染HEK293细胞,通过RTPCR,Westernblot及ELISA法检测Sj23和IL12蛋白的表达。接种并攻击感染BALB/c小鼠,以减虫率和减卵率评价其免疫保护力,同时设攻击感染对照组、空白质粒pVIVO2组、pVIVO2IL12组和pVIVO2Sj23组。用ELISA法和WesternBlot分析免疫小鼠血清中抗体。以脾细胞培养法检测经SEA刺激后,小鼠脾细胞分泌IFNγ和IL4的水平。并以FCM分析脾细胞亚群。结果经瞬时转染HEK293细胞证明质粒pVIVO2IL12Sj23能在体外进行表达。免疫小鼠后获得了4553%的减虫率和5835%的减卵率,较单价DNA疫苗pVIVO2Sj23免疫效果好(P<005)。ELISA法和WesternBlot检测抗体结果表明免疫小鼠产生了抗Sj23特异性IgG抗体。pVIVO2IL12Sj23免疫组IFNγ的水平较对照组显著升高而IL4水平较对照组低。攻击感染后各实验组小鼠脾细胞的CD4+,CD8+亚群比率无显著差别(P>005)。结论pVIVO2IL12Sj23DNA疫苗具有诱导BALB/c小鼠产生较好的抗血吸虫感染免疫保护效果。细胞因子IL12作为基因佐剂,具有诱导Th1型免疫反应从而增强DNA疫苗免疫保护性的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.