中医诊断设备的研发与开发

中医诊断设备在中医临床的治疗和研究中具有重要的作用,但目前能真正用于中医临床诊断的设备非常稀少,如何紧紧围绕中医学独特的理论体系,充分应用现代科学技术来获取中医诊断信息,改进现有的中医诊断仪器、研制和创新具有中医临床实用意义的诊断设备,应用现代信息处理技术推进中医诊断的数字化、客观化、标准化、网络化,促进中医诊断设备的推广、应用,为我们临床诊断和研究提供客观依据和经验总结.     

智能康复产品在中医诊疗设备中的应用前景

中医诊疗设备是以中医基础理论为核心,以现代科学技术为手段,以现代实际应用为目的,是古今技术的本质融合。智能手套、床垫、压力监测床单等设备器械结合到中医诊疗手段中,运用于手功能康复、睡眠呼吸检测、运动的康复中,将对我国传统中医药理论的应用和发展起着极其重要的作用。     

光子中医学研究概况

本文简要地论述了中医药学的基本特点及其优势,将现代光子学理论与技术纳入到中医学体系,提出了光子中医学的概念,对光子中医学的学科建设、研究领域及其前景进行了论述.在中医基础理论方面,光子中医学就阴阳的属性及判断、五行的划分及向五色的延伸、经络系统的穴位特征与效应特点等方面进行阐述;在中医临床应用上,研究了光生物效应的中医作用机理,对低强度激光照射治疗及激光针灸进行了初步临床疗效观察;在中药研究方面,对中药有效成分与药理分析提出了光子药理学分析.最后,总结了中医学现代化建设的光子学设备研究方向以及中医药学的现代建设的光子学方向.     

人工智能在中医药的研究现状及展望

中医药在世界范围内难以被广泛接受的主要问题是缺少足够客观定量的数据支撑和完备而自洽的理论体系。此外,传统中医术语的模糊性、理论知识的难以理解性、治疗思维的抽象性、中医医案的繁杂性也对中医现代化发展带来了极大的挑战。随着信息技术的日新月异,大数据和人工智能技术为规范中医诊疗数据、构建智能中医诊疗体系以及突破传统中医诊疗模式提供了新方法,进一步推动了中医药智能化的发展。经过半个多世纪的发展,中医与人工智能技术的融合逐步深入,取得了一定的应用成果,如中医药中医信息化数据库、中医四诊采集设备、中医辅助诊疗系统以及智慧中医健康管理等。但就目前而言,中医药智能化发展中仍存在数据标准欠缺、相关制度不够完善、交叉人才匮乏等问题,未来还需进一步建立规范的数据标准,完善数据共享、知识产权、伦理规范等法律法规,加速培养学科交叉复合型人才,创新思维革新医疗模式等,促进人工智能背景下的中医药创新发展。本文从知识发现与机器学习的角度,对人工智能在中医药的研究进展概括总结,以期为中医药智能化提供助力。     

中医药现代化学术会议征文通知

中医药现代化是党和政府在新时期发展中医药事业的政策导向和总体要求,也是当前中医药学术发展面临的紧迫课题。为此,我会诚邀全国从事中医药及相关学科科研的专家、学者,于2 0 0 4年秋季聚首南京,就当前中医药现代化的有关问题进行深入的探讨。一、会议征文内容1 中医药现代化含义、研究方法、发展途径探讨;2 结合现代科学技术手段和医药科技成果,探讨中医证候、藏象、经络理论的科学内涵;3 在继承中医治疗疾病的传统经验和学术理论的基础上,应用现代科技手段,探讨中医常见疾病证候的分布特点、变化规律及辨证规范;4 中医药养生保健传统…     

浅谈如何开设影像断层解剖学

随着现代科学技术的发展,各种先进的影像诊断、治疗设备在临床中得到广泛应用。目前国内大多数地县级医院已配置了CT和MRI等影像诊断仪器,而操作和使用这些仪器的影像诊断工作者,尚缺乏与之相适应的系统的影像断层解剖学知识。并且高等医学院校现培养的学生都是二十一世纪的实用型人才,为了适应影像诊断技术的快速发展,他们均需具备影     

浅谈医疗仪器的维修及方法

随着现代科学技术的不断发展,医疗仪器也发生了重大的变化.各种医疗仪器已经成为医院的重要诊断基础,也是临床诊断、抢救、治疗、康复保健以及医学研究的必备条件.     

我国中医工程的研究动态

中医工程是生物医学工程的一个重要分支,是随着中医事业的兴旺发达和现代自然科学的长足进步而诞生的新兴边缘学科.它是用现代自然科学技术和工程技术的原理和方法研究中医的基础理论、功能、机制和体系,并将其应用于中医疾病的防治与诊断上来,从而加快中医学发展的一门新学科.自1987年中国中医工程学会成立以来,近四年时间里这门新兴学科已广泛渗透到中医学的诸多领域.在一大批中医、中西医结合专家和自然科学家的共同探索下,这一领域的科研开发已取得了丰硕成果.主要表现在以下几个方面:     

舌脉客观化互动式辨证诊疗系统

客观化舌脉诊疗系统是用于中医诊疗的客观化辅助系统.在硬件上采用ZM-1型脉象仪作为心脉信号传感器,完成脉象采集、放大、滤波处理等任务;选用UA303型A/D采集器做为计算机接口;以计算机作为人机交互、软件处理和显示终端.在软件上,用Visual C 开发了基于数据库的舌象和脉象互动式综合辨证诊疗系统.本系统的任务是辅助中医师记录病情、参与辨证、提示诊断、协助处方,其特点是结构轻便,操作简单,成本低,稳定性好.适用于各科研单位的脉象客观化研究和各中医院、中医诊所的中医诊断,同时也可以为中西医结合提供中医的诊断依据.     

论中医工程学的研究方向

中医工程学是上世纪后期形成的新兴学科，它以显著的工程学特点和先进的现代科学技术优势从事祖国医学的研究。它的产生和发展，对于中医学的振兴、开拓和发扬光大将起到关键作用。     

Medical device development,from technical design to integrated product development

Abstract

The development process of medical devices (MDs) implies the integration of knowledge and skills from the fields of medicine and engineering. Such an integration is difficult because of lack of communication, mismatch of priorities and work-style differences among those fields. Besides, MD development has particularities that make the product development process (PDP) even more complex such as high level of regulations, concurrent technologies application as well as different end users requirements. In addition, these MDs are classified according to the level of risk they offer to users – low, medium and high – what makes their development project very complex in practice depending on the risk associated. For the specific case of SMEs in the broad mechanical and electronic area that develop physical MD with low and medium-risk levels, PDP models in place have proved to be not well fit to the reality they face. This research objective is to synthesise a PDP model for SMEs in the specific medical sector, by incorporating the best practices of the engineering area and particularities of the medical area. The methodology used was an extensive bibliographic analysis and field research conducted towards SMEs in the MD industry.     

Mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSD) in Japan: current status and future directions

The current status and future directions of mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs) in Japan are reviewed. Currently used clinical MCSDs, both domestic and imported systems and continuous flow devices that are coming into the clinical arena are emphasized. Clinical MCSDs include the extracorporeal pulsatile Toyobo and Zeon systems and the implantable Novacor and HeartMate I VE. A thorough review is presented of single-ventricle continuous flow MCSDs such as the Terumo DuraHeart and the SunMedical EVAHEART and the biventricular Miwatec/Baylor systems that are on the horizon. The future directions in management of end-stage cardiac patients with MCSDs are discussed, focusing on (1) device selection – pulsatile versus continuous flow devices; (2) single-ventricle support, biventricular support, or replacement; (3) bridge to transplantation, destination therapy, or bridge to recovery; and (4) government regulatory processes and the medical industry. We hope to promote the quality of life (QOL) of end-stage cardiac patients as well as the medical industry in Japan.This article is a summary review of the Rotary Blood Pump Symposium held on August 27, 2004, Tokyo, Japan     

人工心脏电动叶轮血泵的动物实验研究

作者报道了左心室辅助及双心室辅助叶轮血泵的急性实验和存活实验。证明离心型人工心脏在可植入性，血液相容性及机械可靠性等方面具有一定优势。并讨论了叶轮血泵的密封问题，从而为叶轮血泵的进一步动物实验，为过渡至急性心脏梗塞后心源性休克和心脏手术后的短期辅助为目标的临床应用准备条件，对于心脏移植前心室辅助超过２周甚至长达数月的叶轮血泵尚需作进一步的研究。     

医疗植入式电子系统供电方式的研究进展

在介绍植入式电子系统供电方式的基础上,分析了各种方式的优缺点并按植入式电子系统功耗、尺寸及植入时间长短等,讨论了各种供电方式的适用情况.最后,展望了植入式电子系统供电的未来发展趋势.     

A versatile restraining device for the unanesthetized cat

A versatile and easily constructed device for restraining the unanesthetized cat is described. The device prevents the animal from reaching the head and neck regions with its paws and restrains the body in a relatively fixed position. It is readily accepted by most cats and requires only a short adaptation period. Free air flow to most of the animal's body is maintained, and the animal is able to assume normal feline postures, to perform operant responses with its forepaws and to eat and drink while in the restraining device. The device should prove particularly useful in those studies requiring chemical or electrical stimulation of the brain in the awake cat.     

鼠用连续输液装置的研制

为能在鼠等小实验动物中顺利开展开展体液支持、静脉营养支持、静脉内持给药等研究,我们设计了一套既能保证鼠等小实验动物自由活动、自由进水、自由进食,又能确保持续静脉内输液和给药的输液装置,具有设计合理、操作简便、价廉实用、既可自行设计又可成套购置等特性。     

Q fever endocarditis associated with a cardiovascular implantable electronic device

Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are frequently related to endocarditis. Most cases of intravascular CIED infections are usually related to skin flora, but a few cases may occur with negative blood culture. Coxiella burnetii is one of the main causes of blood culture-negative endocarditis in native and prosthetic valves, but to date no cases related to CIED have been published. Herein we report two cases of Q fever endocarditis related to these non-valvular cardiovascular devices.     

A low-cost timing device for increasing the versatility of physiological stimulators

A versatile and inexpensive timing device suitable for driving standard stimulators and associated equipment used in neurophysiological experiments is described. Using this device as a building block, systems generating relatively complex stimulation patterns may easily be assembled. It delivers, as required, a square gate pulse of variable duration (1 msec-2 min), a brief trigger pulse with an adjustable delay (1 msec-2 min), or repetitive pulses at a variable frequency (0.005–600 Hz). The output voltage is adequate for triggering or modulating commercial stimulators, including older but still widely used vacuum-tube models. The device itself can be controlled by external signals.     

一种新的头颈部常规放疗立体定位装置及其使用方法

目的：介绍一种新的自行 地头颈部肿瘤常规放射治疗的立体定位装置及其使用方法。方法：本装置为附加在患者体外的一个带有三维坐标系的框架结构,在ＣＴ影像上构成建立坐标系的标志呈“Ｖ”型,采用义量法确定扫描范围内任一点相对于该坐标系的空间位置。据此可求出靶中心坐标、不同Ｇａｎｔｒｙ角野的大小及形状等各项放疗参数。应用本装置和方法对一模拟靶的各放疗参数进行确定,并应用模拟定位机对其进行验证。结果：通过本装置     

基于免疫磁珠法的自动化粪便脱落细胞提取仪的研制与应用

Objective To design a device based on immunobead method which enables extraction of exfoliated colonocytes from human feces to become an automatic concentrating process. Methods The automatic device for extraction of exfoliated colonocytes from human feces was designed based on the composition and physiochemical features of the feces as well as the distribution of exfoliated colonocytes, so as to integrate its functions in sample collection, pretreatment, exfoliated colonocyte-immunobead binding,and exfoliated colonocyte- immunobead complex washing. The immunobeads were prepared by coating magnetic beads with monoclonal antibody of epethelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) Ber-EP4 and used to concentrate colorectal cancer cells from cell culture. The binding of colorectal cells to immunobeads was observed under microscopy. Cancer tissues of 10 colorectal cancer patients (or tissues around cancer) were collected. The automatic device for extraction of exfoliated colonocytes from human feces was used to get exfoliated cells from stool specimens of the patients. QRT-PCR was used to detect gene expression of c-myc、cox-2、CD44v6 in tissues and cells collected. Rate of gene positive expression of different original specimens was compared. Results The automatic device for extraction of colonocytes from human feces was designed and manufactured. Extracting exfoliated coloncytes from feces sample was successfully completed by the automatic device and self-prepared immunobeads with coating special monoclonal antibody. The recovery rate of cells was 27%. Rate of c-myc, cox-2 and CD44v6 gene positive expression in cancer tissues or tissues around cancer was 20%, 10% and 20% respectively, and 100% in exfoliated cells from stool specimens. The difference of positive rate among specimens was significant (all P＜0.01). Exfoliated cells from stool specimens collected by the automatic device for extraction of exfoliated colonocytes from human feces were cancer cells. Conclusions As one of the latest-developed approaches, immunobead-based concentration of exfoliated colonocytes appears practical. An automatic device thereby developed may be used for early detection of colorectal cancers.