功能综合评定量表的研究(二)信度研究

目的 :探讨功能综合评定量表 (functionalcomprehensiveassessment ,FCA)在评测脑血管意外患者中的可信性。方法 :对已明确诊断的 2 0例脑血管意外患者进行评测者内部和评测者之间的信度分析 ,并对FCA的内部一致性进行分析。结果 :FCA评测员内部和评测员之间的信度较好 ,各选项组内相关系数 (ICC)范围在 0 .78— 0 .99(ICC总分 >0 .90 0 )。FCA的内部一致性较好 ,(运动功能α=0 .93 ,认知功能α=0 .98,FCA总分α =0 .96)。结论 :FCA具有很好的重测信度和内部一致性 ,是脑血管意外患者综合功能评定一项可信的评测量表     

康复护理ADL评定量表的信度和效度研究

目的　研究探讨康复护理ADL(ADLS RN)量表在患者日常生活活动功能评测中的信度与效度。方法　对 40例住院康复患者用ADLS RN量表进行评测者内部、评测者之间的信度分析 ;内部一致性用Cronbachα计算 ;并分别用ADLS RN和改良的Barthel指数 (MBI)进行出、入院各项目评定 ,用Pearson分析入院、出院及出入院之间的相关性。结果　ADLS RN评测者内部和评测者之间的信度良好 ,重测信度和评测者之间的相关系数 (ICC)范围分别为 0 .966～ 0 .998和 0 .996～ 0 .997;内部一致性信度系数α =0 .82 2 ,各项之间α =0 .92 5 ,ADLS RN内部一致性较好。ADLS RN和MBI的比较研究得出 :出、入院ADLS RN与MBI改变值间相关性良好 ,r =0 .89,P <0 .0 0 1。结论　ADLS RN具有很高的重测信度 ,内部一致性较好 ,与MBI有良好的关联效度 ,是康复护理日常生活活动能力可信、有效的评测量表。     

康复护理日常生活活动评定量表的信度和效度研究

背景在康复医学中有许多种日常生活活动(ADL)能力评定量表,但符合康复护理程序的评定量表甚少.为此,浙江省康复中心从2000年开始研究设计了康复护理ADL(rehabilitative nursing ADL,RNADL)评定量表,并制定了评定内容和评定标准.目的探讨康复护理ADL评定量表在患者日常生活活动功能评测中的重测信度、内部一致性及量表的有效信度.设计重复测量设计.单位浙江省望江山疗养院,浙江省康复中心.对象2001-04/2003-04浙江省望江山疗养院康复医学科进行康复治疗的ADL功能障碍的40例患者.方法对40例住院康复患者用RNADL量表进行评测者内部、评测者之间的信度分析;内部一致性用Cronbach α计算;并分别用RNADL和改良的Barthel指数(MBI)进行出、入院各项目评定,用Pearson分析入院、出院及出入院之间的相关性.主要观察指标RNADL评定量表的信度和效度检测结果.结果RNADL评测者内部和评测者之间的信度良好,各项组内相关系数(ICC)范围为0.966～0.998,r=0.996～0.997;内部一致性信度系数α=0.822,各项之间α=0.925,RNADL内部一致性较好.RNADL和MBI的比较研究得出出、入院RNADL与MBI改变值间相关性良好(r=0.89,P＜0.001).结论RNADL具有很高的重测信度,内部一致性较好,与MBI有良好的关联效度,是康复护理日常生活活动能力可信、有效的评测量表.     

12条简明健康状况调查问卷评价脑卒中患者的信度研究

目的:测试12条简明健康状况调查问卷(SF-12量表)用于评价脑卒中后偏瘫患者的信度,为其在国内的临床应用提供临床依据。方法:46例脑卒中后偏瘫患者,每次由2名评估者使用SF-12量表进行独立的评定,第1次评定后,隔1周再评定第2次,采用等级相关系数(ICC)检验SF-12量表的重测信度,并获得Crobachα信度系数检验其内部一致性。结果:SF-12量表的Crobachα信度系数为0.903,组内信度ICC为0.726—0.912,组间信度为0.805—0.912。结论:SF-12量表内部一致性良好,用于评价脑卒中后偏瘫患者具有良好的重测信度。     

扩展Barthel指数量表应用于脑卒中患者康复评定的信度研究

目的:研究扩展Barthel指数(EBI)评定脑卒中患者的重测信度及评测者间信度。方法:由第1位评定者应用EBI量表对30例脑卒中患者进行评定,3d内再次对该患者进行评定;第2位评定者在第1位评定者初次评定后2 d内再次对该患者进行评定。对不同评定者间的EBI结果进行等级间相关系数(ICC)分析以检验EBI的重测信度和评定者间信度。结果:第1位评定者两次评定总分的组内相关系数为0. 99(P 0. 01);第1位评定者与第2位评定者评定总分的组内相关系数为0. 98(P 0. 01)。结论:EBI量表应用于脑卒中患者康复评定时具有良好的重测信度及评测者间信度。     

功能综合评定量表用于脑卒中的信度、效度及敏感度再次评价

目的：究功能综合评定（FCA）量表在脑卒中患者综合功能评定中的信度、效度和敏感度。方法：82例脑卒中患者按脑梗死和脑出血分层，各层患者随机化分成康复组和对照组，康复组给予规范的康复治疗，对照组不给予规范的康复治疗，分别于人选时，发病后第1个月月末、第3个月月末和第6个月月末采用FCA量表及改良Barthel指数进行评定，并对FCA量表进行内部一致性信度、分半信度、内容效度、标准效度和敏感度检测。统计采用相关分析与重复测量数据的方差分析。结果：康复组和对照组，FCA量表Cronbach α系数为0．901～0．973；分半信度系数（R）为0．949～0．981，FCA量表内部一致性信度较好；FCA量表18个项目与总分之间呈现中度至高度相关，P〈0．01，具有较好的内容效度；FCA量表的BADL项目与改良Barthel指数的相关性研究，结果相关性均良好，r=0．41～0．98，P〈0．01。比较康复组与对照组治疗前、后FCA总分、FCA运动分量表分、FCA认知分量表分，康复组均表现出较大效应尺度，FCA量表敏感度较高。结论：FCA量表内部一致性、内容效度及与改良Barthel指数的标准效度均较好，是评定脑卒中综合功能可信度、有效度、敏感度均较好的评测量表。     

中国版脑卒中简明ICF核心要素量表的信度与效度研究

目的:检验中国版脑卒中简明ICF核心要素量表的信度与效度.方法:30例连续住院的脑卒中患者,按照中国版脑卒中简明ICF核心要素量表、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)和Barthel指数(BI)的评分规则进行评定.效度研究采用结构效度和校标效度的方法,信度研究采用重测信度、评测者问信度和内部一致性的分析方法.重测信度和评测者问的信度检验用Kappa相关;内容一致性检验用Cronbach a值分析;校标效度用Spearman相关,判断中国腑卒中简明ICF核心要素量表与美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)和Barthel指数(BI)的相关性.结果:中国版脑卒中简明ICF核心要素量表的四个成分中,身体功能、身体结构以及活动和参与成分的Kappa系数均在0.82-1.00之间,具有良好重测信度和评定者问信度.环境因素的Kappa系数稍低,在0.614-0.984之间,具有充分重测信度和评定者间信度.身体功能、活动和参与和环境因素三个成分都有很好的内容一致性,a值在0.779-0.970之间,身体结构成分因只有一个类目,不能计算a值.身体功能和活动和参与成分与BI和NIHSS间存在共同效度(r＞0.7).结论:采用中国版脑卒中简明ICF核心要素量表评定脑卒中患者的功能是可靠的、有效的,但这一结果的普适性尚需进一步检验.     

英文版腕关节功能患者自评量表的汉化及其信度研究

目的 研究中文版腕关节患者自行评估量表(PRWE)在桡骨远端骨折患者功能评定中的重测信度和内部的一致性。方法 运用中文版和英文版的PRWE分别对5l例桡骨远端骨折患者进行量表的重测信度和内在一致性对比观察。用Intra-class Correlation Coefficient(ICC)来表示量表的重测可信度；用Cron-bach Alpha来表示量表的内部一致性。结果 中文版的PRWE信度良好，ICC范围为0．88～0．92；内部一致性也较高，Cronbach Alpha值介于0．87-0．97之间，均大于0．70。结论 中文版PRWE具有良好的重测信度和内部一致性．可以作为桡骨远端骨折华人患者的主观功能评定量表。     

汉化版日本膝关节骨关节炎功能评估量表的信度研究

摘要 目的：探讨日本膝关节骨关节炎功能评估量表（JKOM）汉化版的信度,为临床应用提供客观依据。 方法：共选取171例KOA患者,按照JKOM的评分标准对上述患者进行膝关节功能评定,并进行信度分析：重测信度用组内相关系数ICC进行分析,内部一致性信度用Cronbach α进行分析。 结果：汉化版JKOM具有良好的重测信度(ICC=0.947—0.993)。健康状态的信度系数Cronbach α为0.632,其余4部分和总量表的信度系数Cronbach α为0.755—0.958,具有较高的内部一致性信度。 结论：汉化版JKOM具有良好的信度,适用于患者膝关节骨性关节炎的评价。     

康复护理日常生活活动评定量表的信度和效度研究

背景：在康复医学中有许多种日常生活活动(ADL)能力评定量表，但符合康复护理程序的评定量表甚少。为此，浙江省康复中心从2000年开始研究设计了康复护理ADL(rehabilitative nursing ADL，RNADL)评定量表，并制定了评定内容和评定标准。目的：探讨康复护理ADL评定量表在患者日常生活活动功能评测中的重测信度、内部一致性及量表的有效信度。设计：重复测量设计。单位：浙江省望江山疗养院，浙江省康复中心。对象：2001-04／2003-04浙江省望江山疗养院康复医学科进行康复治疗的ADL功能障碍的40例患者。方法：对40例住院康复患者用RNADL量表进行评测者内部、评测者之间的信度分析；内部一致性用Cronbach α计算；并分别用RNADL和改良的Barthel指数(MBI)进行出、入院各项目评定，用Peanson分析入院、出院及出入院之间的相关性。主要观察指标：RNADL评定量表的信度和效度检测结果。结果：RNADL评测者内部和评测者之间的信度良好，各项组内相关系数(ICC)范围为0．966～0．998，r=0.996-0.997；内部一致性信度系数a=0．822，各项之间a=0．925，RNADL内部一致性较好。RNADL和MBI的比较研究得出：出、入院RNADL与MBI改变值间相关性良好(r=0.89，P&;lt;0．001)。结论：RNADL．具有很高的重测信度，内部一致性较好，与MBI有良好的关联效度，是康复护理日常生活活动能力可信、有效的评测量表。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.