DF方案加放疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌疗效观察

 目的　观察DF方案加放疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效。方法　 1994年 3月至 1997年 10月 ,对36例Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌患者治疗用DF方案化疗加放疗 ,并与同期行单纯放疗的 2 8例患者进行对比分析。结果　化放组和单放组鼻咽肿瘤完全消退率分别为 91.7%和 85 .7% (P >0 .0 5 ) ;颈部转移淋巴结完全消退率分别为 6 3.9%和 5 0 % (P >0 .0 5 ) ;两组 3年生存率分别为 6 3.9%和 4 6 .4 % (P >0 .0 5 ) ;5年生存率分别为 6 1.1%和35 .7% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;5年鼻咽部肿瘤控制率分别为 6 6 .7%和 39.3% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;5年发生远处转移率分别为 2 5 %和 5 0 % (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　DF方案化疗和尽早放疗的综合治疗能提高晚期鼻咽癌生存率 ,局控率和减少远处转移     

放疗联合5-Fu和顺铂治疗晚期鼻咽癌临床观察

目的 观察放疗联合氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)+顺铂(DDP)治疗晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效.方法 1998年9月至2002年10月对36例Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌患者治疗应用氟尿嘧啶+顺铂联合放疗,并与同期行单纯放疗的28例患者进行对比分析.结果 化疗+放疗组和单纯放疗组鼻咽肿瘤完全消退率分别为91.7%和85.7%(P<0.05);颈部转移淋巴结完全消退率分别为63.9%和50%;两组3年生存率分别为63.9%和46.4%(P<0.05).结论 氟尿嘧啶+顺铂化疗和同期放疗等综合治疗能提高晚期鼻咽癌患者的生存率、局部控制率,减少远处转移.     

化疗配合加速分割放疗治疗Ⅲ和ⅣA期鼻咽癌的临床观察

目的:对比观察诱导化疗和后程同步化疗配合加速分割放疗治疗Ⅲ和ⅣA期鼻咽癌的疗效.方法:72例Ⅲ和ⅣA期鼻咽癌患者分成诱导化疗配合加速分割放疗组(36例,A组)和后程同步化疗配合加速分割放疗组(36例,B组)两组;均采用每周照射6d,每天1次,每次1.8~1.9Gy的加速分割放疗方法,A组在放疗前用PF方案化疗,B组放疗至36~38Gy缩野后加用PF方案同步化疗.结果:A组和B组鼻咽肿块控制率分别为91.7%(33/36)和94.4%(34/36),P=0.64;颈部肿块控制率分别为81.3%(26/32)和77.4%(24/31),P=0.71;颈淋巴结完全消退时剂量分别为(44.78±11.79)和(50.03±13.03)Gy,P=0.14.A组和B组鼻咽肿块CR率分别为80.6%(29/36)和83.3%(30/36),P=0.76;1年远处转移发生率分别为16.7%(6/36)和13.9%(5/36),P:0.74,1年生存率分别为94.4%(34/36)和91.7%(33/36),P=0.64.结论:诱导和后程同步化疗配合加速分割放疗对Ⅲ和ⅣA期鼻咽癌均获得较好的局部控制率,但两者的疗效无差异,急性毒副反应相当,能耐受,其长期疗效及后期不良反应有待进一步随访观察.     

Ⅲ及Ⅳ期子宫内膜癌预后因素探讨

目的 :探讨影响Ⅲ、Ⅳ期子宫内膜癌的预后因素。方法 :Ⅲ、Ⅳ期子宫内膜癌 78例 ,按治疗方式分 4组 :单纯放疗组 8例 ,单纯手术组 7例 ,手术联合化疗及放疗组 4 6例 ,放疗加化疗组 14例 ,另 3例为化疗加激素治疗。结果 :78例总的 3和 5年生存率分别为 6 1 5 % (4 8 78)和 2 9 0 % (18 6 2 ) ;子宫内膜腺癌为 6 5 2 % (4 5 6 9)和 34 0 % (18 5 3) ,子宫内膜腺鳞癌为 3 8和 0 ,两者 3年生存率 ,P >0 2 5 ,腺磷癌无 1例生存 5年。 3年生存率 :Ⅲ期 75 0 % (4 2 5 6 ) ,Ⅳ期 2 7 3% (6 2 2 ) ,P <0 0 0 1。 5年生存率 :Ⅲ期 4 0 5 % (17 4 2 ) ,Ⅳ期 5 0 % (1 2 0 ) ,P <0 0 1,差异均有极显著意义。腺癌组织学分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级 5年生存率差异有显著意义 ,P <0 0 5。治疗方式中以手术联合化疗及放疗组疗效佳 ,与单纯放疗及化疗加放疗组间差异无显著意义 ,3、5年生存率 ,P >0 0 5。结论 :影响晚期子宫内膜癌预后因素主要为FI GO期别、组织学类型、组织学分级及治疗方式的选择     

顺铂+5-氟尿嘧啶联合化放疗治疗中晚期鼻咽癌疗效观察

 目的 评价由顺铂（DDP）+5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）组成的PF方案化疗联合放疗治疗中晚期鼻咽癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法 84例Ⅲ，Ⅳ期鼻咽癌患者随机分为两组，放化疗组在放疗前、放疗开始后3周及放疗结束后均用PF方案各化疗1疗程，两组放疗方法相同，鼻咽部剂量为65～70 Gy／6.5～7周，颈淋巴结转移灶剂量为65～70 Gy／6.5～7周。结果 放化疗组及单放组治疗结束后3个月鼻咽部肿瘤完全消退率分别为92.6 %，85.7 %（P＞0.05），颈淋巴结转移灶完全消退率分别为88.1 %，64.3 %（P＜0.05）。毒性分析表明，放化疗组毒性反应较单放组高。结论 PF方案联合放疗可显著提高中晚期鼻咽癌患者的近期疗效，但加用化疗同时也增加了毒性。     

诱导化疗配合加速分割放疗治疗中晚期鼻咽癌的临床观察

目的:探讨诱导化疗配合加速分割放疗对Ⅲ期、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌放疗疗效的影响。方法:78例初治鼻咽癌患者随机分组:观察组在放疗前给予PF方案诱导化疗1周期,对照组予加速分割放疗。结果:诱导化疗可以减轻鼻咽癌症状及缩小颈部淋巴结;观察组淋巴结消退时颈部放疗剂量DT(45.37±7.26)Gy明显低于对照组(60.37±8.24)Gy(P<0.01);观察组淋巴结完全缓解率92.31%明显高于对照组71.79%(P<0.05),而两组淋巴结有效率(分别为100%、94.9%)差异无显著性(P>0.05);观察组放疗结束时淋巴结残留率7.69%明显低于对照组24%(P<0.05)。观察组放疗后急性毒副反应如恶心呕吐、口腔黏膜反应及白细胞下降等与对照组相比无明显增加(P>0.05)。结论:诱导化疗可以提高鼻咽癌放疗的近期疗效,而急性毒副反应并无增加。     

后程缩野加速超分割放疗联合化疗治疗Ⅲ和Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的临床研究

 目的　研究后程缩野加速超分割放疗联合化疗治疗Ⅲ和Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的疗效和毒副作用。方法　 178例Ⅲ和Ⅳa期鼻咽癌患者随机分为研究组和对照组 ,均先诱导化疗两疗程 ,而后研究组行常规分割放疗 4 0Gy加缩野加速超分割放疗至 70～ 76Gy ,对照组常规分割放疗 70Gy ,放疗后两组均再化疗两疗程。结果　肿瘤原发灶CR、PR率 ,1、3年局部控制率和 3年无瘤生存率两组间有显著性差异 ;1、3年生存率和 3年累计远处转移率两组间无显著性差异 ;研究组Ⅱ～Ⅲ度急性放射性口咽黏膜反应发生率高于对照组。结论　后程缩野加速超分割放疗联合化疗提高了Ⅲ和Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的肿瘤消退率、局部控制率及无瘤生存率 ,急性放射反应加重但可以耐受 ,能否提高总生存率有待进一步观察     

放疗联合诱导化疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌

目的 :观察放、化疗联合治疗晚期鼻咽癌的疗效。方法 :78例Ⅲ和Ⅳ期鼻咽癌患者信封法随机分为 2组 (综合组及单放组 ) ,每组 3 9例。放疗采用直线加速器照射 ,鼻咽癌原发灶 60～ 68Gy/6～ 7周 ,颈部 5 0～ 70Gy/5～ 7周 (分高能X线及电子线照射 ) ,两组放疗方法、时间、剂量和分割均相同。综合组放疗前、中、后采用PF方案化疗 4～ 6个周期 :顺铂 (cis platin ,DDP ) 3 0～ 40mg/d ,连续 3d ;5 -氟尿嘧啶 ( 5 fluorouracil,5 FU ) 10 0 0mg/d ,连续 5d ;2 8d为 1个周期。第 1个周期化疗在放疗前给予。结果 :综合组和对照组 5年生存率分别为 61 5 % ( 2 4/3 9)和 3 5 9% ( 14 /3 9) ,局部控制率分别为69 2 % ( 2 7/3 9)和 41 0 % ( 16/3 9) ,颈部淋巴结转移控制率分别为 64 1% ( 2 5 /3 9)和 3 8 5 % ( 15 /3 9) ,差异有统计学意义 ,P<0 0 5。综合组急性毒性反应较单放组重 ,但未影响治疗进程。结论 :放疗联合诱导化疗能提高晚期鼻咽癌的生存率、局部控制率及减少远处转移     

超分割放疗联合化疗Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期鼻咽癌前瞻性研究

目的 :比较超分割加同期化疗与单纯超分割放射治疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ期鼻咽癌的生存率和局部控制率。方法 :12 6例鼻咽癌患者 ,随机分入超分割加同期化疗组 (研究组 )和单纯超分割放射治疗组 (对照组 )。放射治疗方式 2个组相同 ,1 2Gy/次 ,2次 /天。研究组在放射治疗前、中加用化疗 ,放疗、化疗同期进行。结果 :研究组和对照组 5年生存率分别为 6 6 7%和5 0 8% (P <0 0 5 ) ,局部控制率分别为 96 8%和 92 1% (P >0 0 5 )。研究组的急性粘膜反应高于对照组 ,但能耐受 ,无严重并发症发生。结论 :超分割放射同期化疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ期鼻咽癌生存率和控制率有所提高 ,且能耐受。     

46例原发性阴道癌临床分析

目的 :探讨原发性阴道癌临床治疗方法及失败原因。方法 :本组 4 6例患者 ,单纯放疗 2 7例 ,手术 8例 ,采用放疗同时辅以PDD为主的全身化疗 11例。结果 :总的 5年生存率为 5 4 3% ,各期 5年生存率分别为Ⅰ期 90 90 %、Ⅱ期6 8 4 2 %、Ⅲ期 2 2 2 2 %、Ⅳ期 0 %。Ⅰ～Ⅱ期早期患者与Ⅲ～Ⅳ期晚期患者 5年生存率分别为 76 6 7%及 12 5 % (P <0 0 5 )。Ⅰ～Ⅱ期早期患者中单纯放疗或加化疗与手术治疗相比 ,5年生存率分别为 86 36 %和 5 0 0 % (P >0 0 5 )。Ⅲ～Ⅳ期晚期患者中单纯放疗及放疗加化疗 5年生存率分别为 0 %及 2 2 2 2 % (P >0 0 5 )。局部未控 8例患者 ,仅 1例为Ⅱ期 ;远处转移 5例全为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期晚期患者。结论 :早期阴道癌患者治疗失败原因为局部控制失败 ,有效控制局部可以获得好的预后 ,手术与放疗或加化疗疗效一样 ;而晚期患者同时控制远处转移是十分必要的 ,单纯放疗对晚期患者疗效不佳 ,联合化疗可以提高生存率。     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to Tetracycline,Doxycycline, Erythromycin,Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin,Azithromycin, Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin

Abstract

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The miC50 and miC90 of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: Tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC₉₀). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. Urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Fat, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and risk of colorectal adenomas

A case-control study was conducted at the National Naval Medical Center (Maryland, USA) from 1994 to 1996 to investigate the possible association between dietary factors and colorectal adenomas. Cases (n = 239) were subjects diagnosed with adenomas (146 new and 93 recurrent) by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Those with no evidence of adenomas found by sigmoidoscopy were recruited as controls (n = 228). Dietary variables, assessed by a 100-item food frequency questionnaire, were analyzed by the logistic regression model, which was adjusted for age, gender and total energy intake. Variables of fat intake were further adjusted for red meat intake. An increased risk of 7% [odds ratio (OR): 1.07; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.94-1.22] per 5% energy/day from total fat was observed. Every additional 5% unit of oleic acid intake/day significantly increased the adenoma risk by 115% (OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.05-4.39). Red meat fat increased the risk by 20% (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.71-2.04), and white meat fat decreased the risk by 67% (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.19-0.95) for every additional 5% unit of respective intake/day. Risk decreased by 41% (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.41-0.86) for every additional 5% unit of fiber intake/day. Vegetable [OR per 100 g of vegetable intake/day: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.67-1.04] and fruit (OR per 100 g of fruit intake/day: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.03) intake showed an inverse association, and the results are suggestive of an association with the risk for adenomas. In conclusion, a strong positive association between oleic acid intake and colorectal adenoma risk was observed. This is likely to be an indicator of "unhealthy" food (meat, dairy, margarine, mayonnaise, sweet baked food) consumption in this population. Increased intake of dietary fiber was associated with a moderately decreased risk of adenomas.     

Occurrence,Efficacy, Metabolism,and Toxicity of Triclosan

Triclosan has broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is widely used in personal care products, household items, medical devices, and clinical settings. Due to its extensive use, there is potential for humans in all age groups to receive life-time exposures to triclosan, and, indeed, triclosan has been detected in human tissues and the environment. Data gaps exist regarding the chronic dermal toxicity and carcinogenicity of triclosan, which is needed for the risk assessment of triclosan. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nominated triclosan to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for toxicological evaluations. Currently, the NTP is conducting several dermal toxicological studies to determine the carcinogenic potential of triclosan, evaluate its endocrine and developmental-reproductive effects, and investigate the potential UV-induced dermal formation of chlorinated phenols and dioxins of triclosan. This paper reviews data on the human exposure, environmental fate, efficacy of anti-microbial activity, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, endocrine disrupting effects, and toxicity of triclosan.     

Tobacco, alcohol, diet, occupation, and carcinoma of the esophagus

Information on occupation, smoking, food and beverage consumption, and medical history were compared between 275 incident cases of carcinoma of the esophagus and 275 neighborhood controls who were matched to the cases on age (within 5 years), race, and sex. Tobacco use, mainly cigarette smoking, was a significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus. Ex-smokers of cigarettes showed a reduced risk relative to those who continued to smoke, and current smokers of two or more packs per day displayed a higher risk than those who smoked less. Alcohol consumption was another significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus; there was a highly significant trend with average daily dose of ethanol. Relative to controls, cases also consumed significantly more fried bacon or ham, less fresh fruits and raw vegetables, and were more likely to prefer white than whole grain bread. Finally, there was a significant association between carcinoma of the esophagus and long-term occupational exposure to metal dust; this association was largely confined to the lower one-third section of the esophagus.     

Age,Race, Sex,Stage, and Incidence of Cutaneous Lymphoma

BackgroundThe incidence of the T- and B-cell CLs has been well documented, but information pertaining to racial incidence by age, and by burden of disease (stage) have not been extensively documented.Materials and MethodsThe SEER 2004-2008 public use database was investigated. The relative incidence of CL in different races and age groups was examined. Univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression was performed for the likelihood of presenting at a higher stage.ResultsOf 4496 patients diagnosed with CL between 2004 and 2008; 1713 patients were diagnosed with MF, 1518 with non-MF cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and 1265 patients with cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. For MF, there was a trend for females to be less likely to present with a higher T-stage (T3-T4) than males (odds ratio [OR], 0.73) on multivariate analysis (P = .06). For race, AA had a significantly increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage (T3-T4) MF (OR, 1.72) on multivariate analysis (P = .02), compared with white patients. For white, AA, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Native American/other/unknown, the mean age at diagnosis was 59.2, 51.5, 51.3, and 53.8. These groups presented at a significantly different age than white (P = .0001, 0.0001, and 0.0006).ConclusionNonwhite racial groups present with MF at an earlier age compared with white, and AA have increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage compared with white. These findings have significant implications regarding need for earlier diagnosis and understanding the reasons for racial disparity in age and stage of presentation.     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC(90)). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Cutaneous,gastrointestinal, hepatic,endocrine, and renal side-effects of anti-PD-1 therapy

BackgroundAnti-programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) antibodies represent an effective treatment option for metastatic melanoma as well as for other cancer entities. They act via blockade of the PD-1 receptor, an inhibitor of the T-cell effector mechanisms that limit immune responses against tumours. As reported for ipilimumab, the anti-PD-1 antibodies pembrolizumab and nivolumab can induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These side-effects affect skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, endocrine system and other organ systems. Since life-threatening and fatal irAEs have been reported, adequate diagnosis and management are essential.Methods and findingsIn total, 496 patients with metastatic melanoma from 15 skin cancer centers were treated with pembrolizumab or nivolumab; 242 side-effects were described in 138 patients. In 116 of the 138 patients, side-effects affected the skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, endocrine, and renal system. Rare side-effects included diabetes mellitus, lichen planus, and pancreas insufficiency due to pancreatitis.ConclusionAnti-PD1 antibodies can induce a plethora of irAEs. The knowledge of them will allow prompt diagnosis and improve the management resulting in decreased morbidity.     

Antitumor activity of halogen analogs of phosphoramide,isophosphoramide, and triphosphoramide mustards,the cytotoxic metabolites of cyclophosphamide,ifosfamide, and trofosfamide

A series of halogen analogs of phosphoramide mustard, isophosphoramide mustard, and triphosphoramide mustard, the cytotoxic metabolites of the antitumor drugs cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and trofosfamide, respectively, was evaluated in vitro against human tumor cell lines and in vivo against experimental tumors to investigate the effect of replacement of chlorine with bromine or fluorine on the antitumor activity of the parent phosphoramide mustards. In the experimental tumors L1210 leukemia, B16 melanoma, mammary adenocarcinoma 16/C, and ovarian sarcoma M5076, the antitumor activity of the analogs was observed to be generally comparable with that of the parent mustards when chlorine was replaced by bromine but uniformly lower when chlorine was replaced by fluorine. Furthermore, the monobromo analog of isophosphoramide mustard displayed equal or somewhat greater activity in comparison with cyclophosphamide when evaluated against subcutaneously implanted L1210 leukemia with intraperitoneal drug treatment and against mammary adenocarcinoma 16/C.This work was financially supported by NIH, NCI grant PO1 CA34200