外路小切口提上睑肌腱膜修复术矫治腱膜性上睑下垂

目的 :探讨矫治腱膜性上睑下垂的手术方法 ,并评价其临床效果。方法 :对 13例 18眼腱膜性上睑下垂患者 ,施行提上睑肌腱膜修复术。手术前后测量上睑缘与角膜中心反光之间之距离 ,及术后观察上睑形态。结果 :术前上睑缘与角膜中心反光之间之距离平均为 0 8± 0 3mm。随访时间 4～ 13月 ,平均 6 8月。术后上睑缘与角膜中心反光之间之距离平均为 3 8± 0 4mm。 1眼轻度欠矫 ,1眼轻度成角畸形。 16眼上睑高度和弧度令人满意。结论 :本术式方法简单 ,创伤较轻 ,恢复较快。用于经仔细选择的腱膜性上睑下垂患者 ,效果可靠。     

老年腱膜性上睑下垂手术治疗

目的探讨老年腱膜性上睑下垂的手术治疗方法，并评价其临床效果。方法对12例（21眼）老年腱膜性上睑下垂根据上睑下垂程度的不同，分别行上睑提肌腱膜折叠术或上睑提肌腱膜修复术。中度下垂6眼行上睑提肌腱膜折叠术，重度下垂15眼行上睑提肌腱膜修复术，术后随访3—12个月。结果20眼上睑缘位于角膜上缘下1．5—2．5mm，1眼上睑缘位于角膜上缘下4mm，所有病例上眶区凹陷明显改善，收到治疗和美容的双重效果。结论采取加强上睑提肌力量的手术方式治疗老年腱膜性上睑下垂，手术安全，效果好。     

提上睑肌腱膜折叠术在上睑成形术中的应用

目的:探讨上睑成形术中联合应用提上睑肌腱膜折叠术矫正轻度上睑下垂的手术效果。方法:对326例652眼行上睑成形术,其中36例65眼合并轻度上睑下垂,在行上睑成形术同时行提上睑肌腱膜折叠术。结果:随访1～6mo,重睑对称流畅,上睑下垂矫正,睑裂平均提高1.5mm。轻度成角畸形2眼,通过局部按摩于术后3mo消失。术后欠矫1眼,术后早期闭睑不全1～3(平均2.1)mm,1mo后闭睑不全消失,无暴露性角膜炎发生。结论:轻度上睑下垂患者行上睑成形术时联合实施提上睑肌腱膜折叠术,可提高上睑成形术的成功率与患者满意度。     

改进的上睑提肌缩短术矫治上睑下垂的临床分析

目的评价上睑提肌缩短术矫治上睑下垂的效果。方法共治疗上睑下垂28例37眼，其中轻度10例16眼，中度18例21眼。此改进的术式与常规术式不同之处在于增加分离上睑提肌腱膜的长度(22mm)和宽度(16mm)，腱膜在睑板上固定4对缝线，以增加其牢固度。结果术后3～4月进行随访，成功35眼(94．59％)，上睑缘达角膜上缘以下1mm；2眼(5．41％)上睑缘达角膜上缘以下1．5～2mm。结论该上睑提肌缩短术与常规手术比较有改进，术后的睑缘高度易保持在上方角膜缘，弧度与健侧对称，不易形成眼角畸形，能较好提高矫治效果。     

加强提上睑肌力量的手术方式治疗老年腱膜性上睑下垂

目的:观察和评价利用加强提上睑肌力量的手术方式治疗老年腱膜性上睑下垂的效果及可行性.方法:对明确诊断为老年腱膜性上睑下垂的患者,根据上睑下垂程度的不同,分别行提上睑肌缩短术或提上睑肌折叠术矫正,术中按拟定缩短或折叠量预置缝线固定于睑板上缘下2 mm,观察上睑缘与角膜缘的位置关系,并随时调整缩短或折叠量,使上睑缘位于角膜上缘下0.5～1 mm,上睑缘位置与弧度满意后结扎缝线.结果:本组对18例31眼明确诊断为老年腱膜性上睑下垂患者行提上睑肌缩短术或提上睑肌折叠术矫正,随访3 wk～18 mo,疗效确切.结论:采取加强提上睑肌力量的手术方式治疗老年腱膜性上睑下垂,达到了矫正上睑下垂的目的,具有实际临床应用价值.     

额肌腱膜悬吊术治疗重度上睑下垂8例

目的：探讨额肌腱膜悬吊术矫正重度上睑下垂的有效性。方法：8例(10眼)重度上睑下垂采用额肌腱膜悬吊术,利用额肌力量提起上睑。结果：术后上睑缘位于角膜上缘下1mm8眼,2mm2眼,无复发。结论：额肌腱膜悬吊术矫正重度上睑下垂效果确切。     

重度先天性上睑下垂的早期手术治疗

目的探讨儿童重度先天性上睑下垂早期手术治疗方法。方法采用改良的双切口提上睑肌腱膜瓣-额肌吻合术治疗15例(22眼)重度先天性上睑下垂合并遮蔽性弱视的患儿，年龄4～12岁(平均6．5岁)。结果术后上睑缘高度变化具有明显规律性，术后早期上睑缘回落较快，幅度较大，一般在术后1周时，平均下降2．5mm；术后1个月时上睑缘高度又有所回升，平均1mm；术后3个月上睑缘高度再次缓慢下降，直至术后半年时稳定。随访1年，18眼上睑缘位于角膜缘下1～2mm。重睑和睑缘弧度自然美观；4眼上睑缘位于瞳孔上缘，重睑和睑缘弧度自然美观。术后睑裂闭合不全，一般在术后3个月至半年时消失。本组病例均未发生其它术后并发症。结论该手术方法适用于早期治疗儿童重度先天性上睑下垂。     

上睑下垂额肌瓣悬吊术中上睑缘位置控制法探讨

目的 探讨上睑下垂额肌瓣悬吊术中上睑缘位置与手术效果的关系。方法 28例35眼先天性上睑下垂，全部在局麻下采用额肌瓣悬吊术治疗，术中将上睑缘位置矫正到角膜上缘处，术后常规处理，并严密观察上睑缘位置的下降程度。结果 术后随访1～3年，上睑缘位于角膜七缘以下1mm者4眼(11．43％)，2mm者28眼(80．00％)，3mm者3眼(8.57％)。术后上睑缘位置下降2mm，符合正常人上睑缘遮盖上方角膜2mm左右的解剖结构和生理要求。全部病人均获得满意和比较满意的矫正效果。结论 上睑下垂额肌瓣悬吊术术中上睑缘应恰位于角膜上缘处，方可获得良好的手术矫正效果。     

经皮肤的睑板-腱膜-Muller肌部分切除术矫正轻度上睑下垂

目的探讨一种矫正轻度上睑下垂简便的有效的手术方法的效果。方法37例（40眼）轻度上睑下垂行经皮肤的睑板-腱膜-Muller肌部分切除术,术后随访3个月～3年。结果本组病例40眼中37眼（92．50％）治愈,获得良好效果。双眼上睑皱襞及睑缘弧度自然对称,睑裂高度基本一致,平视前方时瞳孔完全暴露,上睑缘位于角膜缘下1～2mm;2眼欠矫;1眼过矫。无其它并发症发生。结论经皮肤的睑板-腱膜-Muller肌部分切除术操作简单、损伤小、术后反应轻。恢复快,并发症少,对矫治上睑提肌功能良好的轻度上睑下垂,是一种较好的术式。     

提上睑肌缩短术的改进

我们自1992年11月一1995年9月用改进的提上睑肌缩短术，治疗上睑下垂43例，取得较好的手术效果。现报道如下：一般资料：本组病例43例（54眼），男26例，女17例。年龄8－28岁。轻度：（下垂1－2mm）6眼，中度：（下垂3－4mm）45眼，重度：（下垂4mm以上）3眼。所有病例均为先天性上睑下垂。手术方法：1．术前检查：（1）测量上睑下垂程度。（2）测定提上睑肌功能，（着重检查上凝视状态时上睑缘中央到6点钟角膜线的距离）。（3）测定眼外肌机能。2．在提上睑肌缩短术（内外路联合法）[1]的基础上我们加以改进，主要步骤如下：（1）用美兰画…     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.