经皮加压螺钉内固定术治疗腕舟骨腰部骨折的效果

 目的 探讨掌侧入路经皮加压螺钉内固定治疗军事训练致急性腕舟骨腰部骨折的效果。方法 回顾性分析2017-09至2020-06武警贵州总队医院收治的15例急性腕舟骨腰部骨折患者,采用微创经皮掌侧入路螺钉内固定治疗,予注射器针头定位成功后置入导针,沿导针完成螺钉置入。术后石膏制动2周,分阶段功能锻炼。15例术后随访平均(18.13±8.68)个月,采用修订版Mayo腕关节功能评分系统评估疗效,疼痛视觉模拟评分评定患者疼痛情况,末次随访记录双腕关节屈伸、尺桡偏的关节活动度及握力。结果 15例手术均顺利完成,术中出血(2.50±1.02) ml;手术时间(44.73±5.67) min;术中、术后均无并发症发生。术后骨折顺利愈合,平均愈合时间(10.33±2.29) 周,Mayo腕关节功能评分优14例,良1例。疼痛视觉模拟评分0分12例,4分1例,1分2例。末次随访记录双腕屈伸、尺桡偏的关节活动度及握力进行对比,差异无统计学意义。结论 经皮加压螺钉内固定术治疗急性腕舟骨腰部骨折,方法简单、有效,手术时间短,避免了长时间石膏制动产生的关节僵硬。     

骨伤复原汤在腕舟骨骨折经皮微创螺钉内固定术后的应用效果分析

目的分析骨伤复原汤在腕舟骨骨折经皮微创螺钉内固定术后的应用效果。方法选取2018年3月至2021年2月郑州市第七人民医院收治的100例腕舟骨骨折患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法将其随机分为观察组(50例)和对照组(50例),观察组患者于经皮微创螺钉内固定术后予以支具固定等常规处理联合骨伤复原汤进行辅助治疗,对照组患者于经皮微创螺钉内固定术后予以支具固定等常规处理,对比观察两组患者疼痛程度以及患侧握力、屈伸活动度和尺、桡偏度变化情况与骨折愈合时间、腕关节功能恢复情况。结果术后1周,观察组患者视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分明显低于对照组(t=19.056,P<0.001),患侧握力、屈伸活动度以及尺、桡偏度明显大于对照组(t=4.715、2.143、3.969、3.837,P<0.001、P=0.035、P<0.001、P<0.001);观察组患者骨折愈合时间为(10.2±2.1)周,明显短于对照组患者的骨折愈合时间(12.5±2.8)周(t=4.647,P<0.001);术后6个月,观察组患者腕关节功能优良率为96.0%,明显高于对照组患者的腕关节功能优良率78.0%(χ^(2)=7.162,P=0.007)。结论经皮微创螺钉内固定术后联合应用骨伤复原汤治疗腕舟骨骨折,能够减轻术后疼痛程度,缩短骨折愈合时间,提高患者握力、屈伸活动度和尺、桡偏度,改善腕关节功能。     

切开复位内固定手术治疗腕舟状骨骨折

采用切开复位螺钉内固定治疗不稳定型新鲜腕舟骨骨折29例,随访6～18个月,术后腕关节功能得到明显改善,未发现骨折不愈合、腕舟骨缺血性坏死等并发症。     

腕关节镜下复位固定治疗Herbert B2、B3型腕舟骨骨折

目的:探讨腕关节镜下腕舟骨骨折复位固定的治疗方法及临床疗效。方法:自2012年6月至2014年1月,对9例Herbert B2、B3型腕舟骨骨折的患者采用腕关节镜辅助下复位Herbert螺钉固定,进行回顾性分析。术后定期拍摄X线片,观察骨折愈合情况。采用改良Mayo腕关节评分评估患者腕关节功能。结果:所有骨折均获得愈合,平均愈合时间12.7周。9例患者均获得随访,平均随访时间13.6个月。改良Mayo腕关节评分由术前的32.78±9.72,改善至术后的87.78±12.02(P<0.05),优4例,良4例,可1例,优良率88%。结论:对腕舟骨骨折患者采用腕关节镜下复位、Herbert螺钉固定,能取得理想的临床疗效。     

短臂管型石膏固定治疗陈旧腕舟骨骨折18例临床报告

目的:观察采用不固定所有掌指关节的聚氨酯短臂管型石膏外固定治疗陈旧腕舟骨骨折的疗效。方法:自1999年8月至2008年1月在本所就诊的18例陈旧腕舟骨骨折患者,受伤至开始石膏固定平均6.3个月(2~12个月),其中2例断端部分硬化,另2例舟骨近侧骨折块有缺血坏死改变。采用聚氨酯短臂管型石膏固定腕关节,固定范围从肘前横纹下5cm到手掌横纹,腕关节固定于10°背伸、20°尺偏位置,所有掌指关节都不固定。每1至2个月检查石膏固定情况并复查X线片,石膏若有松动及时更换。结果:16例经X线片证实获得骨折愈合(88.9%),平均固定4.7个月(3~8个月),其中2例舟骨近侧骨折块缺血坏死患者,其达到骨折愈合的固定时间分别是5个月和6个月。2例骨折未愈合:其中1例为骨折断端有部分硬化,固定5个月无愈合迹象;另1例固定2个月后未愈合,患者放弃治疗。骨折愈合的16例中,14例在去除石膏后随访平均9.3个月(2~24个月),有4例腕背伸受限约10°,3例诉腕活动时轻微疼痛,其余患者腕关节活动范围无受限,无疼痛。结论:陈旧腕舟骨骨折伤后1年内,骨折断端无明显硬化者,多数可以采用不固定所有掌指关节的聚氨酯短臂管型石膏固定治愈;陈旧腕舟骨骨折近端骨折块发生缺血坏死者,虽然石膏固定治疗所需时间较长,但仍有愈合可能。     

应用带骨间掌侧动脉背侧支血管蒂桡骨瓣治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合

目的　探讨一种良好的治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合的方法 ,丰富治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合的手术方式。方法　切除腕舟骨骨折不愈合之硬化骨 ,以克氏针贯穿固定骨折端 ,用带骨间掌侧动脉背侧支血管蒂桡骨瓣翻转移植治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合 15例。结果　术后随访 3～ 6个月 ,骨折完全愈合 ;9～ 18个月 ,腕关节活动正常无痛。结论　前臂间掌侧动脉背侧支解剖位置恒定 ,变异少 ,位置较表浅 ,血管蒂长、口径粗、游离安全容易 ,血供充分 ,能有效地促进舟骨骨折愈合。     

桡骨远端背侧带血管蒂骨瓣转位治疗陈旧性舟骨骨折

目的 评价桡骨远端背侧带血管蒂骨瓣转位治疗陈旧性舟骨骨折的中远期疗效.方法 回顾性分析1995-2006年行桡骨远端背侧带血管蒂骨瓣转位治疗的13例陈旧性舟骨骨折,其中9例伴近侧极缺血坏死.血管蒂为1,2区间间伸肌支持带上血管.固定方式包括螺钉内固定及外支架固定.评价内容包括Mayo腕关节临床功能评分以及影像学评价.结果 手术距受伤时间平均22.2个月,平均随访76.6个月.骨折愈合13例,平均愈合时间11.2周.功能评价:优3例,良8例,可2例.末次随访时,腕关节功能评分、关节活动度、握力均较术前有显著提高.舟骨角以及舟月角明显改善.结论 桡骨远端背侧带血管蒂骨瓣转位治疗陈旧性舟骨骨折手术过程相对简单,疗效满意.术中予腕关节松解,术后腕关节在外支架的保护下进行早期功能锻炼可促进关节功能的恢复.     

AO空心钉治疗腕舟骨骨折32例疗效分析

目的:探讨应用AO空心钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折的疗效。方法:自2005年8月到2009年9月采用AO空心钉内固定冶疗32例腕舟骨骨折,其中男5例,女7例,年龄13~55岁。受伤至手术时间3d~1个月,平均15天。右手23例,左手9例,按照骨折部位,近端骨折6例,远端骨折3例,腰部骨折23例。结果:所有病例随访29例骨折愈合,愈合时间3~12个月,2例骨不连,1例骨坏死。30例腕关节活动无疼痛及不适感,握拳无力的症状消失,2例日常生活中腕部略有疼痛,腕背伸力量减弱。未发生术后感染及内固定断裂。结论:AO空心钉是治疗腕舟骨骨折的理想选择。     

关节镜辅助下经皮螺钉内固定治疗Bennett骨折

目的探讨关节镜辅助下经皮螺钉内固定治疗Bennett骨折的临床疗效、影像学结果和并发症。方法 2009年5月—2015年5月,采用关节镜辅助下经皮螺钉内固定治疗Bennett骨折患者51例(51手),其中男性40例,女性11例;年龄(38.7±12.4)岁;体重指数(23.7±8.1)kg/m2。记录并评估并发症发生率、骨折愈合时间、第一腕掌关节有效活动度评分(Kapandji Score)、握力、捏力、关节面复位及内固定移位情况等。结果 51例患者均获得随访,随访时间(33.8±9.9)个月。骨折愈合时间为(5.9±1.8)周;第一腕掌关节有效活动度评分为(9.8±0.2)分;握力为(46.7±4.2)kg;捏力为(8.7±2.4)kg。所有患者均恢复创伤前工作状态,随访期间1例(2.0%)患者出现复杂性局部疼痛综合征,但不影响日常工作。术后即刻X线片检查,所有关节面均获得解剖复位,随访检查示所有骨折均获得骨性愈合,无一例患者出现关节退变及内固定移位。结论采用关节镜辅助下经皮内固定治疗Bennett骨折,能够获得解剖复位,临床疗效和影像学结果满意,并发症发生率低。     

加压骨钢针治疗第一掌骨基底部骨折

目的探讨加压骨钢针治疗第一掌骨基底部骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法对36例第一掌骨骨折患者行切开复位加压骨钢针内固定术,术后对第一腕掌关节功能、疼痛及拇指捏力、握力进行评估。结果 34例获得随访,时间4~12个月;影像学显示均达到骨性愈合,愈合平均时间为7周。随访时患侧拇指握力、捏力、总主动活动度(TAM)和外展角较健侧差异均无统计学意义。结论采用加压骨钢针治疗第一掌骨基底部骨折,是一种简单有效的内固定手术方法。     

经皮自体骨髓移植及弹性束带固定治疗腕舟骨骨不连

目的 探讨经皮自体骨髓移植及弹性束带固定治疗腕舟骨骨不连的疗效。方法 本组19例,均为男性：年龄14－27岁,平均22岁。在X线电视透视下,将16号骨穿针穿入舟骨骨不连部位,并轻轻剥离骨不连部位瘢痕组织,保留该针,在髂嵴部位用另一贯穿针抽取红骨髓5－10ml,平均7ml,即刻由腕部的骨穿针注入骨不连部位,腕部用弹性束带固定于中立位。平时鼓励患者做各指伸屈、握、捏等活动,但避免腕部活动。每周可解开束带1－2次,并用温水浸泡腕部15－20min。结果 16例骨不连愈合,愈合时间5－13个月,平均6．5个月。治疗期间未出现任何并发症。3例不愈合。结论 经皮自体骨髓移植及腕部束带外固定治疗腕舟骨骨不连,其创伤小,操作简单,疗效明显。     

High-resolution CT of the wrist: initial experience with scaphoid disorders and surgical fusions

We performed high-resolution CT scans on 30 wrists in 27 patients with either previous surgical intercarpal fusion or known or suspected scaphoid abnormalities. Most examinations used the same protocol: contiguous 1.5-mm axial sections parallel to the long axis of the body of the scaphoid, small reconstruction circle, and bone reconstruction algorithm. Fifteen patients were evaluated for union of previous surgical carpal fusions; eight patients were evaluated for healing of scaphoid fractures; and the other four patients had miscellaneous disorders, including a midcarpal dislocation with a scaphoid fracture. High-resolution CT clearly showed whether the carpal fusions were united. In addition, metallic fixation devices were easy to locate and did not significantly degrade image quality. Osseous union of healing scaphoid fractures was reliably assessed. We conclude that high-resolution CT of the wrist is a useful method for evaluating surgical carpal fusions and various disorders of the scaphoid.     

闭合复位经皮空心螺钉内固定与切开复位内固定治疗踝关节骨折的疗效比较

目的 探讨闭合复位经皮空心螺钉内固定(MINI)与传统切开复位内固定(ORIF)治疗踝关节骨折的疗效.方法 对2004年3月～2009年8月收治的98例非粉碎性内外踝双骨折临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据内固定方法不同分为MINI组和ORIF组,MINI组53例,男性42例,女性11例;年龄23～59岁,平均37.5岁;骨...     

双头加压螺纹钉贴股骨距内固定治疗股骨颈骨折

在Ｘ光电视下采用双头加压螺纹钉贴股骨距内固定治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折４２例，随访平均２．５年，其中１６例随访３年以上，骨折愈合率９５．２％，骨折不愈合并股骨头缺血性坏死率４．７６％。认为加压螺纹钉贴股骨距内固定可使钉的受力由较大剪应力变为较大轴向力承受，减少骨折处的剪应力，并加压于骨折端能促进骨折愈合。具有操作简单、进钉准确、创伤小、固定牢靠、并发症少等优点。     

Scaphoid fracture and nonunion: current status of radiological diagnostics

Scaphoid fractures, which involve approximately two-thirds of all wrist injuries, are often not detected during initial radiographic examination. By using high-resolution CT and dedicated MRI, it is possible to recognize scaphoid fractures soon at the first diagnostic approach and to assess fragment stability. CT imaging provides all the relevant information of the fracture extent and of the fracture healing in the follow-up. MRI is most sensitive in the detection of scaphoid fractures; however, fracture signs must be differentiated from those of a bone bruise. Both the initially overseen scaphoid fracture and the unsuccessful healing can lead to the natural history of scaphoid nonunion. In the injured scaphoid, CT imaging is essential for depicting the osseous morphology, whereas contrast-enhanced MRI is crucial for assessing the viability of the proximal fragment.     

Diagnosis and treatment of scaphoid fractures

The scaphoid bone in the wrist is the most frequently fractured carpal bone. This Directed Reading discusses types of scaphoid fractures, issues of special concern (eg, the risk of avascular necrosis and delayed union or non-union), steps involved in bone fracture healing and various imaging modalities used for scaphoid fracture diagnosis. Types of fracture management such as casting and surgical intervention are examined. Factors that can negatively influence bone healing, such as certain disease processes and tobacco use, are also investigated. This article is a Directed Reading. Your access to Directed Reading quizzes for continuing education credit is determined by your area of interest. For access to other quizzes, go to www.asrt.org/store.     

Symptomatic,partial union of the hook of the hamate fracture in athletes

BACKGROUND: Many clinicians believe that after fracture of the hook of the hamate, nonunions are the rule rather than the exception. PURPOSE: To describe a previously unreported condition in which the fractured hook of the hamate unites only along its ulnar column and causes pain similar to that in cases of nonunion. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Eight patients who had sustained a hook of the hamate fracture were identified, on the basis of their persistent pain, as having achieved only partial union. This diagnosis was made despite evidence on computed tomography of healed bone across a significant portion of the fracture. All eight patients underwent subperiosteal excision of the hamulus because of persistent pain. At an average of 4 years after excision, each patient was evaluated by dynamometer grip strength testing and a subjective outcome assessment. RESULTS: All patients were able to return to their preinjury level of sports participation at an average 8 weeks after excision of the hook of the hamate. Grip strength was not adversely affected in any patient. Subjective evaluation of each patient revealed no residual pain. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic or unresolved pain on the ulnar side of the wrist after hook of the hamate fracture can be due to partial union. This condition should be managed no differently from a symptomatic nonunion, with excision of the hook of the hamate and repair of the ligament attachments.     

Skaphoidfraktur und -pseudarthrose

Scaphoid fractures, which involve approximately two-thirds of all wrist injuries, are often not detected during initial radiographic examination. By using high-resolution CT and dedicated MRI, it is possible to recognize scaphoid fractures soon at the first diagnostic approach and to assess fragment stability. CT imaging provides all the relevant information of the fracture extent and of the fracture healing in the follow-up. MRI is most sensitive in the detection of scaphoid fractures; however, fracture signs must be differentiated from those of a bone bruise. Both the initially overseen scaphoid fracture and the unsuccessful healing can lead to the natural history of scaphoid nonunion. In the injured scaphoid, CT imaging is essential for depicting the osseous morphology, whereas contrast-enhanced MRI is crucial for assessing the viability of the proximal fragment.