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1.
青少年高血压的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。 相似文献
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Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account. 相似文献
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老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。 相似文献
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Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
B. A. Blanchard S. Steindorf S. Wang S. D. Glick 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》1993,17(5):968-973
In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system. 相似文献
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Yoshihiko Hoshida Yasuhiko Tomita Masahiko Ohsawa Xu Ning Katsuyuki Aozasa 《Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology》1997,123(9):509-513
A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations
PCB
polymerase chain reaction
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EBV
Epstein-Barr virus
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NHL
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 相似文献
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目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150~200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4~5h和3~4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。 相似文献
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The incidence of unexplained deaths (‘dead in bed syndrome’) in Norwegian diabetic patients under the age of 40 was investigated during the period 1981–1990. During this 10-year period there were 240 deaths of all causes in the age group 0–39 years. Sixteen of these cases fulfilled the following criteria of the ‘dead in bed syndrome’: (1) patient found dead in an undisturbed bed; (2) patient observed to be in good health condition the day before; (3) no clinical evidence of late complications (except background retinopathy in two cases). Of the 16 cases ascertained, 10 were males and 6 females. The age range was 7–35 years, and the duration of diabetes varied between a few months and 26 years. Autopsy, performed in 13 cases, did not reveal any cause of death. Nine patients had been using insulin regimens with multiple daily doses. Twelve patients were reported as having had frequent episodes of hypoglycaemia, with nocturnal episodes in 10 cases. There was apparently an increasing incidence of unexplained deaths during the study period, with 12 of 16 cases occurring in the years 1988 to 1990. 相似文献
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Six cases of pulmonary sporotichosis were observed in 2 institutions in Oklahoma City, Okla. Three of the patients were treated with iodides with or without surgery. Although one patient required a second course of iodides, the patients have remained well after at least 34 months of follow-up. Three patients treated with amphotericin B, single course as well as multiple courses, and other antifungal agents (hydroxystilbamidine and miconazole) have all relapsed. These cases and a reviewed of more than 40 cases of pulmonary sporotrichosis susceptibilities of Sporothrix schenckii that we observed in vitro suggest that amphotericin B is not an effective agent for the treatment of pulmonary sporotrichosis. It is our opinion that the treatment of choice for pulmonary sporotrichosis is a supersaturated solution of potassium iodide. If the patient is allergic to the medication or fails to respond, then a combination of amphotericin B plus flucytosine may be tried. 相似文献
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Stringer JR Larson JS Fischer JM Medvedovic M Hersh MN Boivin GP Stringer SL 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2005,102(7):2408-2413
Transgenic mice that allow mutant cells to be visualized in situ were used to study variation in tumors. These mice carry the G11 placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) transgene, a mutant allele rendered incapable of producing its enzyme product by a frameshift caused by insertion of a tract of G:C base pairs in a coding region. Spontaneous deletion of one G:C base pair from this tract restores gene function, and cells with PLAP activity can be detected histochemically. To study tumors, the G11 PLAP transgene was introduced into the polyoma virus middle T antigen mammary tumor model. Tumors in these mice exhibited up to 300 times more PLAP+ cells than normal tissues. PLAP+ cells were located throughout each tumor. Many of the PLAP+ cells were singlets, but clusters also were common, with one cluster containing >30,000 cells. Comparison of these data to simulations produced by computer models suggested that multiple factors were involved in generating mutant cells in tumors. Although genetic instability appeared to have occurred in most tumors, large clusters were much more common than expected based on instability alone. 相似文献
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Kenneth B. Camacho Dean J. Tuma Carol A. Casey 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》1996,20(3):589-594
We have previously shown that ethanol administration impairs the processes of fluid-phase endocytosis (FPE) and receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) in isolated rat hepatocytes after as early as 1 week of ethanol administration. The defects in RME were most prominent in the perivenule (PV) region of the liver lobule, the area wherein alcoholic liver disease has been shown to start and predominate. We undertook the present study to see if changes in FPE were likewise more apparent in the PV versus the periportal (PP) region of the liver. For these studies, we fed male Sprague-Dawley rats with an ethanol-supplemented liquid diet or an isocaloric control diet for 1 or 5 weeks. PV and PP hepatocytes were isolated using a digitonin-collagenase perfusion method. Internalization and efflux of the marker dye, Lucifer Yellow, was then examined in the cell populations. After as early as 1 week of feeding, cells from the PV region in ethanol-fed animals showed dramatic impairments in the net internalization of dye, compared with PV cells from the pair-fed controls, and these changes persisted throughout the 5-week feeding period. In contrast, internalization of Lucifer Yellow in cells from the PP region of the liver were not different between control and ethanol animals. Because net internalization represents the balance between uptake into the cells versus efflux from the cells, we examined these components individually. Early uptake of the dye into the cell was not altered by ethanol treatment. The decreased net internalization seemed to be caused by enhanced efflux of the dye, which was significantly increased in PV cells, compared with the same cell type in control animals. Cells from the PP region of the ethanol-fed animals did not exhibit altered efflux after either 1 or 5 weeks of feeding. These results indicate that ethanol-induced impairments in FPE are more dramatic in the PV region of the liver, and these impairments seem to result from an ethanol-induced enhancement of efflux. 相似文献
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Typhoid fever in children in Africa 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Estimates for the year 2000 suggested that there were approximately 21.5 million infections and 200,000 deaths from typhoid fever globally each year, making the disease one of the most serious infectious disease threats to public health on a global scale. However, these estimates were based on little data, especially from Africa. Global prominence and high-profile outbreaks have created the perception in Kenya that typhoid is a common cause of febrile illness. The Widal test is used widely in diagnosis. We have reviewed recent literature, taking the perspective of a healthcare provider, to collate information on the prevalence of typhoid in children particularly, and to explore the role of clinical diagnosis and diagnosis based on a crude, but common, interpretation of the Widal test. Data suggest that typhoid in children in rural Africa is uncommon, perhaps 100 times or 250 times less common than invasive disease because of Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectively. Frequent use of the Widal test may result in many hundreds of over-treatment episodes for every true case treated and may perpetuate the perception that typhoid is common. Countries such as Kenya need better bacterial disease surveillance systems allied to better information for healthcare providers to promote appropriate decision-making on prevention and treatment strategies. 相似文献
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Advances in carrier detection in haemophilia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. C. GOODEVE 《Haemophilia》1998,4(4):358-364
Summary. Increasing worldwide use of molecular genetic analysis is enabling accurate carrier detection for the haemophilias to be made more widely available. Use of DNA polymorphisms in linkage analysis is an accurate method for carrier detection applicable to the majority of families. For those families with severe haemophilia A, the inversion mutation can be sought by most molecular genetics laboratories. For families remaining uninformative by these procedures, a range of point mutation screening techniques is available. Dedicated electrophoresis equipment is enabling use of these techniques to become more widespread. 相似文献
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《Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993)》2013,35(2):271-284
In this paper the general changes in the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the elderly are summarized. The suggestion is proposed, that in the case of diuretics - which act after renal excretion -the results of these changes are totally different: contrary to other drugs the standard dose of a diuretic must have less sali-uretic effect instead of more effect.This thesis is supported by the results of experiments with furo-semide in old patients: the kinetics are changed as expected, leading to higher plasma levels and increased Area Under the (plasma level versus time) Curve (AUC), but the effects are -dependent on renal function - decreased. To a certain degree kinetics and dynamics of furosemide can be explained and predicted on the basis of simple patient parameters. If diuretics are used in old people to treat congestive heart failure, the normal adult dose has to be used, and occasionally a larger dose has to be given. 相似文献
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目的 研究微小RNA(miR)-122在肝星状细胞活化/增殖及肝纤维化发生过程中的水平变化及其可能的作用机制。方法 建立CCl4诱导的C57BL/6小鼠肝纤维化模型,以10 ng/ml转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)处理HSC-T6细胞,分别在小鼠体内和肝星状细胞转染miR-122 激动剂和miR-122模拟物以过表达miR-122。采用RT-PCR和Western-blot法检测组织和细胞miR-122、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、I型胶原、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子1(TIMP-1)和血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)表达,采用CCK-8法检测HSC-T6细胞增殖。结果 模型组小鼠肝组织α-SMA表达水平显著高于对照组(9.92±2.12对1.12±0.54,P<0.01),而miR-122水平显著低于对照组(0.95±0.31对2.07±0.28,P<0.01);在CCl4诱导的肝纤维化小鼠,miR-122激动剂转染组肝组织miR-122水平显著高于miR-122激动剂对照组(6.27±1.73对2.78±0.21,P < 0.01);miR-122 激动剂转染组肝组织α-SMA、I型胶原、TIMP-1和PDGF蛋白水平显著下降;在TGF-β1处理的HST-T6细胞,随着处理时间的延长,肝星状细胞α-SMA水平逐渐升高(0h:0.61±0.02,12 h:0.69±0.05, 24 h:0.75±0.01,48 h:1.01±0.03,P<0.05),而miR-122水平随TGF-β1处理时间的延长而逐渐下降(0 h:0.72±0.05,12 h:0.45±0.01, 24 h:0.37±0.03,48 h:0.29±0.08, P<0.05);与miR-122 阴性对照转染组比,miR-122模拟物转染组细胞miR-122水平显著增加(178.45±30.62对12.18±2.39,P <0.01);Western Blot检测发现miR-122模拟物转染组细胞α-SMA蛋白表达水平显著下调;采用TGF-β1处理HST-T6细胞,与miR-122 阴性对照转染组比,miR-122 模拟物转染组细胞增殖活力显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 肝纤维化组织细胞miR-122水平下调,而过表达miR-122可抑制肝星状细胞的活化和增殖,从而可能抑制肝纤维化的发生和发展。 相似文献