华法林抗凝患者起搏器术后囊袋出血的观察

目的评价不同措施预防华法林抗凝患者起搏器术后囊袋出血的疗效。方法回顾分析华法林抗凝患者行起搏器植入术的临床资料,根据术中采用不同预防囊袋出血措施分为两组。A组患者术前调整INR至1.5～2.0,围手术期不停用华法林,术中局部应用凝血酶原涂抹囊袋;B组患者术前3天停用华法林,改用低分子肝素替代抗凝治疗,术后恢复使用华法林。比较两种方法预防起搏器术后囊袋出血的效果。结果共840例行起搏器手术患者中,有78例为长期使用华法林抗凝的患者。A组患者42例,术后发生轻度囊袋出血4例,中度囊袋出血1例。B组患者36例,术后发生轻度囊袋出血7例,中度囊袋出血3例,重度囊袋出血1例。结论华法林抗凝患者起搏器植入术后囊袋出血的风险增高,而术前调整INR值并在术中局部应用凝血酶原较围术期低分子肝素替代对预防囊袋出血具有更好的疗效。     

人工心脏起搏术后并发症的临床分析

我院自１９７３～１９９５年８月共植入永久性心脏起搏器８００例，术后各种并发症１４９例，发生率为１８．６％。并发症的发生与起搏方式、术中操作、起搏系统质量及起搏器使用不当有关。与起搏方式有关的并发症８２例，占并发症发生率的５５．０％；与手术有关的并发症３０例，占２０．１％；起搏系统并发症３７例，占２４．８％。对患者危害较大的并发症有ＶＶＩ起搏后心力衰竭、起搏器综合征及术后皮囊感染。并发症处理不当会影响起搏功能，重者可能危及到患者生命。本组并发症经及时处理绝大部分对患者预后无影响。并发症防止的重点应放在“预防”上，即合理选用起搏器及严把手术操作关。     

起搏器囊袋并发症的临床分析

目的 探讨永久心脏起搏器患者发生囊袋并发症的可能原因、与年龄的关系及处理策略.方法 选择2003年9月～2013年8月于我院置入永久起搏器患者182例,分析囊袋并发症发生的原因.结果 发生起搏器囊袋血肿12例,总发生率为6.6％,其中≥80岁6例,发生率为6.5％;＜ 80岁6例,发生率为6.7％.囊袋破溃及感染2例,总发生率为1.1％,其中≥80岁1例,发生率为1.1％;＜ 80岁1例,发生率为1.1％.并发症的发生与术前未及时停用抗凝药物、术中止血不彻底、囊袋大小不合适有关,与年龄无关.结论 年龄不增加囊袋并发症的发生率,积极术前准备、术中规范操作、术后严格管理,可降低并发症发生的风险.     

老年患者永久起搏器植入术中抗生素冲洗囊袋对囊袋感染发生率的影响

目的了解使用抗生素液冲洗起搏器囊袋对囊袋感染的预防作用。方法122例患者分为抗生素囊袋预防组和生理盐水对照组,两组手术操作相同,术后经静脉使用抗生素7d,第7天拆线。术后1、3、6、12月、3年常规随访,观察手术切口及囊袋情况。结果两组各有1例于术后第4天和第7天发生囊袋感染,两组囊袋感染发生率无显著差别。结论在老年患者永久起搏器植入术中,使用抗生素冲洗囊袋对囊袋感染发生率无明显影响。     

心脏永久起搏器安置术后囊袋血肿临床诊治

目的总结分析32例心脏永久起搏器安置术后患者囊袋血肿形成的原因及治疗。方法回顾性分析我院自2008年01月份开始至2012年06月份期间32例行心脏永久起搏器安置术后患者囊袋血肿形成的原因及其治疗,总结起搏器安置术后囊袋血肿的治疗经验。结果32例患者中早期囊袋血肿（起搏器植入术后1周内出现的囊袋内出血称为中早期囊袋血肿）22例,迟发性囊袋血肿10例,（起搏器植入术后1周以上出现的囊袋内出血称为迟发性囊袋血肿）,均取囊袋内液体行细菌培养结果为阴性。所有患者均予抗生素预防感染并积极治疗原发病,均未发生起搏器囊袋感染,32例患者术口均愈合出院。结论早期发现囊袋血肿,及时进行正确的治疗,有利于术口愈合。     

老年人永久起搏器置入术并发症的发生原因及处理策略

目的探讨老年人永久起搏器置入术并发症的发生原因及处理策略。方法393例老年患者，男251例，女142例，年龄60～94（77．5±5．3）岁。病态窦房结综合征237例，高度房室传导阻滞144例，双束支阻滞12例。置入单腔起搏器255例；双腔起搏器135例；三腔起搏器1例；置入性心脏除颤器2例。结果各种并发症共29例，发生率7．4％。导线电极移位14例（3．56％），囊袋血肿6例（1．53％）、囊袋感染3例（0．76％），废弃电极脱入右室、起搏器综合征各2例（0．51％），电极导线不全断裂、心肌穿孔各1例（0．25％）。结论做好充分的术前准备工作．术中熟练的无菌操作技术以及术后的密切观察和随访，可减少老年人永久起博器置入术并发症的发生；及时有效地处理并发症．可避免严重后果。     

The use of fibrin glue as an operative sealant in dental extraction in bleeding disorder patients

Controlling haemorrhage by using a celluloid splint as an adjunctive therapy in patients with bleeding disorders is very beneficial in dental extraction. However, this technique still requires specific replacement therapy. The use of fibrin glue as a local treatment in dental extraction, without the use of any blood product replacement, recommended to improve efficiency in controlling haemorrhage during dental extraction. This method was modified using a combination of celluloid splint and fibrin glue for use in dental extraction in bleeding disorder patients. It was found that this method was effective in controlling bleeding, was cost effective, did not require replacement therapy and posed no risk of viral transmission.     

Coexistent coronary artery disease in Indian patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) for symptomatic bradyarrhythmia

BackgroundThe cause-effect of conduction disturbance in chronic lesion of coronary arteries is complicated. This study was designed to evaluate coexistent CAD in patients with symptomatic bradyarrhythmia to find common anatomic basis for conduction disturbances and its relationship to conventional coronary risk factors.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, 929 patients who admitted for symptomatic bradyarrhythmia requiring permanent pacemaker implantation were included. All included patients underwent coronary angiography and were divided into groups based on angiographic findings. Association between conduction disturbances and these groups were analyzed.ResultsA total of 929 patients with mean age of 63.1 years were included in our study. We found age ≥50 years, male sex, presence of diabetes and hypertension as statistically significant predictors of abnormal coronary angiography. Obstructive CAD (≥50% stenosis) was found in 34.4% patients. Prevalence of single vessel disease, double vessel disease and triple vessel disease was 15.3%, 10.2% and 8.9% respectively. Severe coronary obstruction (≥90% obstruction) was found in 16.25% patients. Revascularization was advised in three fourth of cases of obstructive CAD. Approximately two third of patients didn’t have significant obstruction in coronaries supplying the conduction system. Type 4 was the commonest anatomy in obstructive CAD. SA Nodal artery was found more diseased in patients of SSS with p value of 0.01.ConclusionObstructive CAD was found in one third of patients undergoing PPI. Age ≥50 years, male sex, diabetes and hypertension were found significantly correlated with presence of CAD and may act as important markers for the judgment of further coronary evaluation.     

Dual antiplatelet therapy increases pocket hematoma complications in Chinese patients with pacemaker implantation

Objective To assess the prevalence of the bleeding complications in pacemaker implanted patients receiving different antiplatelet regimens, and the influence of each regimen on hospital stays after device implantation. Methods We prospectively enrolled 364 patients receiving the cardiac rhythm device implantations in Fuwai Hospital from July 2012 to December 2013. Bleeding complications including pocket hematoma, hemothorax, cardiac tamponade and blood transfusion requirement were measured as endpoints. Post operation hospital stay was also included in the endpoints. Results Bleeding complications were detected in 15 patients (14 with hematoma, one with hemothorax) out of all 364 patients (4.12%). Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT) significantly increased hematoma (19.3%) compared with aspirin treatment (ASA) (3.2%, P = 0.001) and no antiplatelet therapy (1.9%, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in incidence of pocket hematoma between the ASA group and the control group (P = 0.45). The post procedure hospital stay was longer in DAT group (5.45 ± 2.01 days) compared to those in the ASA group (3.65 ± 1.37 days, P < 0.05) or control group (3.99 ± 2.27 days, P < 0.05). Pocket hematoma was considered an independent predictor of hospital stay prolongation (OR: 5.26; 95% CI: 1.56-16.64; P = 0.007). Conclusions Among the Chinese patients undergoing device implantation in this study, the use of dual antiplatelet agents significantly increased the risk of pocket hematoma complications and led to a longer hospital stay. Use of aspirin alone did not increase the risk.     

D-二聚体水平监测在起搏器植入术中的价值

目的 通过监测植入起搏器患者D-二聚体水平,比较单腔、双腔和三腔(心脏再同步治疗,CRT)起搏器植入对静脉血栓形成和栓塞影响程度,以减少静脉栓塞并发症的发生.方法 随机选取2010年6月～2011年6月在江苏省苏北人民医院植入起搏器患者80例,根据起搏模式分为VVI、DDD、CRT起搏器3组,分别于术前2d,术后24 h、7d监测D-二聚体水平.所有患者随访至少1年,随访期间定期监测D-二聚体水平.结果 3组患者植入起搏器后24 h D-二聚体水平较术前均增高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.029,0.026,0.003);术后7d,DDD、CRT起搏器组患者的D-二聚体水平较术前均增高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.023,0.020);CRT起搏器组患者术后24 h D-二聚体水平较VVI、DDD起搏器组增高,差异有统计学意义[(3.76±2.68) μg/ml对(2.59±2.13) μg/ml,P=0.028;(3.76±2.68) μg/ml对(1.46±0.74)μg/ml,P=0.010].随访期间共发生2例血栓事件.结论 起搏器植入可以导致机体凝血和纤溶系统的激活,通过监测D-二聚体水平,发现CRT植入术后D-二聚体水平明显高于普通起搏器.能否通过监测D-二聚体水平,判断患者凝血状态、预防血栓形成的发生,还需进一步的临床研究和证据.     

Permanent pacemaker implantation via the femoral vein: an alternative in cases with contraindications to the pectoral approach.

BACKGROUND: This paper presents a consecutive series of permanent pacemakers (PPM) implanted via the femoral vein in patients with contraindications to pacing systems via the superior vena cava (SCV). The femoral vein approach is a less invasive and feasible alternative to epicardial lead placement. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients had femoral pacemakers inserted. Indications for femoral vein pacemaker insertion were: SVC/subclavian obstruction (12 patients, 44.4%), previous infection in SVC leads (four patients, 14.8%), mastectomy and/or radiotherapy to chest (four patients, 14.8%), multiple leads in SVC (two patients, 7.4%), recurrent erosion (two patients, 7.4%), abnormal anatomy (one patient, 3.7%), painful pacemaker pocket (one patient, 3.7%) and burns (one patient, 3.7%). Fifty-one leads, 25 atrial and 26 ventricular, were inserted. The majority of leads were active fixations (96% of atrial leads and 85% ventricular leads). RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 36.5 months (range 0.9-116.5), six additional unplanned procedures were performed in four patients. Atrial lead displacement occurred in five leads (20%). There were no ventricular lead displacements. In two patients, box revision for pre-erosion was required. One patient had persistent pain at the site of abdominal pacemaker generator. Infection, thromboembolic events, thromophlebitis, evidence of lower limb venous occlusion and lead fracture did not occur. CONCLUSION: Femoral vein PPM are a simple and feasible alternative in patients in whom the SVC approach is contraindicated.     

Permanent pacemaker implantation after valve and arrhythmia surgery in patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation

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房室结消融联合起搏治疗老年永久性房颤患者的初步探讨

目的观察房室结消融联合起搏治疗与正规药物治疗对老年房颤患者心功能及生存质量的影响。方法选择2003年7月至2006年7月在两家3级甲等医院心内科住院且未正规口服抗心律失常药物治疗的老年永久性房颤患者52例。将患者分成两组,其中10例接受房室结射频消融联合起搏手术治疗(手术组),42例接受正规药物治疗(药物组)。采用心脏超声测量心功能,在常规二维超声切面上测量心输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、每搏输出量(SV)、心搏出量指数(SVI)、左室射血分数(LVEF)。以中文版简明健康调查问卷SF-36,评估患者生存质量。首次问卷调查及心功能检查在入院后进行,随访调查在正规药物治疗6个月及起搏手术治疗后6个月进行。采用配对t检验、两个独立样本的秩和检验进行统计学分析。结果老年永久性房颤患者房室结消融联合起搏治疗与常规药物治疗后比较,患者心功能及生存质量各项指标均得到改善(P<0.01);两组组间比较分析,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论房室结消融联合起搏治疗与药物治疗均能改善老年房颤患者的心功能及生存质量。     

房室结消融加永久起搏器植入治疗难治性房扑房颤

目的评价房室结消融加永久起搏器植入治疗难治性房扑房颤的安全性和有效性。方法在临时起搏器保护下，对一例阵发性房扑房颤患者实施射频消融房室结并植入永久起搏器；观察其术中、术后及随访情况。结果该患者手术成功，未发生与射频相关性猝死；术后生活质量改善。结论房室结消融加永久起搏器植入可作为多种治疗无效的房扑房颤患者控制心室率的适当方法，该方法简单有效。     

永久性心脏起搏器植人术后感染患者的临床资料分析

目的回顾性分析永久性心脏起搏器植入术后感染患者的临床特点,并对不同治疗方法进行评价。方法纳入2005年8月~2013年3月植入心脏起搏器[包括双腔及三腔起博器（CRT）]后发生感染的患者12例,分析感染者的临床特点,同时比较不同抗感染治疗（包括抗生素＋局部换药;抗生素＋原囊袋清创消毒＋起搏器原侧换位植入;起搏器及导线拔除＋抗生素＋起搏器对侧植入）方案的疗效差异。结果12例患者中植入双腔起搏器11例（91.6%）,CRT 1例（8.3%）,感染出现的中位时间为4.5个月,平均随访（33.0±19.0）个月。12例患者中有10例（83.3%）患者合并1种或以上其他疾病（包括糖尿病、心功能不全、慢性阻塞性肺病、结缔组织病等）,4例（33.3%）患者体内有2根以上的电极导线。10例首选保守治疗（应用抗生素＋局部换药,或抗生素＋原囊袋清创消毒＋起搏器原侧换位置入）中有8例感染复发,其中6例通过去除整个起搏系统治愈,1例起搏器消毒后重新置入治愈,1例形成窦道持续换药;2例首选去除起搏系统的患者均痊愈。结论起搏器感染多发生在合并危险因素的患者,一旦感染累及起搏系统,去除整个起搏系统是合理的。     

Serum AGEs and sRAGE levels are not related to vascular complications in patients with prediabetes

BackgroundWhile hyperglycemia has a key role in the pathogenesis of microvascular complications of diabetes, it is just one of the many factors contributing to macrovascular damage. The aim of the present study is to investigate the link between serum pentosidine and sRAGE levels and vascular complications in patients with prediabetes compared to normal glucose tolerance controls with obesity.MethodsIn this study were included 76 patients with mean age 50.7 ± 10.7 years, divided into two age and BMI-matched groups – group 1 with obesity without glycemic disturbances (n = 38) and group 2 with obesity and prediabetes (n = 38).ResultsThere was no significant difference in pentosidine and sRAGE levels between patients with obesity and prediabetes. Patients with hypertension had lower levels of sRAGE compared to nonhypertensive subjects. sRAGE showed a weak negative correlation to blood glucose on 60th min of OGTT and HOMA index. There was no correlation between sRAGE and pentosidine levels and the markers of micro- and macrovascular complications. There was no difference in sRAGE and pentosidine levels between patients with and without endothelial dysfunction.Conclusions: sRAGE and pentosidine levels are similar in patients with obesity with and without prediabetes and do not correlate to the markers of micro- and macrovascular complications.