普通外科住院患者心理状态与影响因素调查

目的 了解普通外科患者的心理状态及其影响因素,为临床实施心理护理提供指导和依据.方法 通过对2所综合医院的普通外科住院患者和资深护士的访谈以及参考以往的心理量表,自行编制普通外科患者心理状况调查问卷,对306例普通外科住院患者进行问卷调查.结果 普通外科患者的心理问题主要来自5个方面,即焦虑与抑郁状态、对手术与治疗的恐惧、机体功能下降、逃避现实和对预后的忧虑.其中对预后的忧虑评分最高;女性对手术与治疗的恐惧程度显著高于男性(P＜0.01);癌症患者的焦虑与抑郁程度显著高于非癌症患者(P＜0.01).结论 影响普通外科患者心理状态的首要因素是对预后的忧虑,女性患者对手术或治疗的恐惧体验比男性强烈,癌症患者更为焦虑、抑郁.需针对不同人群采取相应的心理干预措施.     

多次化疗患者配偶的心理特征及其需求调查

目的 了解多次化疗患者配偶的焦虑和抑郁情况，探讨其相关因素。方法 采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）对60名化疗3次及以上患者的配偶进行问卷调查。结果 18．3％配偶存在焦虑情绪．16．7％存在抑郁情绪，其均值均高于常模（均P〈0．01）；其中配偶焦虑与患者化疗不良反应严重程度、配偶年龄呈正相关（P〈0．01、P〈0．05）；抑郁与患者年龄呈负相关；女性焦虑、抑郁得分均高于男性（均P〈0．01）；配偶希望通过多种方式了解关于化疗方案、不良反应表现、预防及处理等相关信息。结论 多次化疗患者的配偶存在一定程度的焦虑抑郁情绪．应结合其需求，对其身心健康给予重视。及时关注化疗期间配偶的心理波动。     

女性慢性心力衰竭患者抑郁现状及相关因素研究

目的了解女性慢性心力衰竭患者抑郁发生情况及易患因素，为采取相应策略提高其生活质量提供依据。方法采用一般资料问卷、Beck抑郁自评量表（BDI）对82例女性、96例男性心力衰竭患者进行调查。结果女性心力衰竭患者抑郁发生率和抑郁评分显著高于男性（P〈0.05，P〈0.01）；文盲患者抑郁评分显著高于其他文化程度者（均P〈0．01）。结论女性心力衰竭患者抑郁发生率高，尤其是文盲女性，应针对重点人群加强干预。     

普通外科患者心理状态评定量表的初步编制

目的 编制普通外科患者的心理状态调查量表,为普通外科患者心理状态的评估提供工具.方法 在访谈普通外科患者及护士、查阅文献、专家咨询的基础上,编制初始问卷,并对350例普通外科患者的心理状态进行调查,运用探索性因子分析得出问卷的结构框架.结果 普通外科患者的心理状态由焦虑/抑郁状态、恐惧、一般躯体状况、预感性悲哀、社会退缩5个因子34个项目构成,量表总Cronbach's α系数为0.95,内容效度较好,与医院焦虑抑郁情绪评定量表(HAD)相关系数r为0.67.结论 编制的普通外科患者心理状态评定量表条目清晰,信度、效度较高,可用于普通外科患者不良心理状态的评估.     

心理干预对不同妇科疾病患者焦虑抑郁状态的影响

目的探讨心理干预对不同妇科疾病患者焦虑抑郁的影响。方法选取恶性组、切除组、核除组各50例共150例患者，住院期间在常规护理的基础上给予心理支持、松弛训练、内心意象等措施，入院及出院时采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）评定患者情绪状态。结果干预后恶性组SAS、SDS较干预前显著降低（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；切除组、核除组SAS较干预前显著降低（P〈0．05）。结论妇科疾病患者存在明显的焦虑、抑郁状态，针对性心理干预可有效缓解其焦虑、抑郁状态。     

白癜风患者心理健康状况调查分析

目的了解白癜风患者的心理健康状态，探讨相应的心理护理措施。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、应付方式问卷（CSQ）对44例白癜风患者进行心理状态调查，并与常模及34例慢性湿疹患者进行比较。结果白癜风患者在强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖及精神病性7个方面评分均显著高于常模和慢性湿疹患者（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），其幻想、退避评分显著高于慢性湿疹患者（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）。结论白癜风患者的心理健康状况较差，常采用不成熟的应付方式进而产生社交危机感，有针对性地实施心理护理对其治疗和预后有重要意义。     

青年乳腺癌患者拼贴画心理疗法的实施

目的探讨拼贴画心理疗法在青年乳腺癌患者癌症复发恐惧干预中的应用效果。方法将87例青年乳腺癌患者按照住院时间分为对照组43例和观察组44例。对照组实行常规健康教育,观察组在对照组基础上实施拼贴画心理疗法,干预前及干预12周后采用癌症患者恐惧疾病进展简化量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表、Herth希望量表进行评价。结果干预12周后,观察组癌症复发恐惧、焦虑、抑郁评分显著低于对照组,希望评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论拼贴画心理疗法有利于缓解青年乳腺癌患者负性情绪,并提升其希望水平。     

维、汉族心血管病住院患者抑郁焦虑状况调查分析

目的了解新疆地区维、汉族心血管病患者抑郁、焦虑状况，使临床心理护理更具有针对性。方法 采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、汉密顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）对雏、汉族心血管病住院患者各100例进行调查。结果汉族患者SAS、SDS、HAMA、HAMD评分显著高于维族患者（均P〈0．01）。结论 新疆地区汉族心血管病住院患者抑郁、焦虑状况显著高于维族患者，应根据民族差异实施针对性的心理护理。     

个性化心理护理在高位复杂性肛瘘围手术期患者中的应用

为探讨个性化心理护理对高位复杂性肛瘘围手术期患者焦虑、抑郁、疼痛及术后恢复的影响,将57例高位复杂性肛瘘围手术期患者随机分为观察组（28例）和对照组（29例）。对照组采用传统心理护理方式干预,观察组采用个性化心理护理方式干预,对比两组患者围手术期焦虑、抑郁及疼痛情况,以及住院时间、住院费用、创面愈合时间、患者生活质量。结果显示,观察组手术当日及术后第7天焦虑、抑郁、疼痛评分均明显低于对照组,P〈0．05;观察组住院时间、住院费用明显少于对照组,P〈0．05;两组术后创面愈合时间差异无统计学意义,P〉0．05;两组患者治疗后生活质量评分较治疗前均显著提高,P〈0．05,但组间比较差异无统计学意义,P〉0．05。结果表明,个性化心理护理可缓解高位复杂性肛瘘手术患者围手术期焦虑、抑郁等不良心理反应,减轻疼痛,有助于患者术后恢复。     

慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者焦虑状况及影响因素

目的了解慢性乙型病毒性肝炎（下称慢性乙肝）患者的焦虑状况及其影响因素，为实施针对性的心理护理提供依据。方法应用自行设计的问卷及状态一特质焦虑量表对67例慢性乙肝患者进行调查。结果慢性乙肝患者的状态焦虑和特质焦虑得分显著高于北京及长春地区的正常人（均P〈0．05）；影响慢性乙肝患者状态焦虑的主要因素有年龄、职业、经济状况、文化程度（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），影响特质焦虑的主要因素有经济状况、婚姻状况和文化程度（P〈0．05，P〈O．01）。结论慢性乙肝患者焦虑水平较高，年龄、职业、经济状况、文化程度及婚姻状况是主要影响因素；护理人员应重视其人口学资料的收集及心理状况的评估，以实施针对性心理护理。     

精神分裂症患儿父母心理健康状况调查

目的探讨精神分裂症患儿父母心理健康状况。方法采用SCL 90对 36例精神分裂症患儿父母进行调查。结果患儿父母整体心理健康状况较常模差 ,其中人际关系、抑郁、焦虑及偏执 4项因子分与常模比较 ,差异有极显著性意义 (均P <0 0 1) ;躯体化、敌对和恐怖 3项因子分与常模比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (均P <0 0 5 )。患儿母亲躯体化、抑郁、焦虑 3项因子分均明显高于父亲 ,两者比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (均P <0 0 5 ) ;而人际关系因子分明显低于父亲。结论临床医护人员应重视精神分裂症患儿父母的心理健康状况 ,并给予相应的心理干预措施。     

Mental health, anxiety, and depression in patients with cerebral aneurysms

OBJECT: Aneurysm disease and its treatment can have an adverse impact on mental health, yet the affects of cerebral aneurysms on general mental health, anxiety, and depression are poorly understood. METHODS: Patients with cerebral aneurysms who were seen at a neurosurgery clinic underwent a structured interview, completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short Form Health Survey (providing a mental component summary [MCS] score for general mental health), and were assigned functional status scores based on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), Rankin Scale, and Barthel Index. Rank-order methods were used to assess the relationship between mental health, aneurysm characteristics and history, and functional status. Data were collected in 166 patients (71% women) with a mean age of 53.7 years. Depression was present in 8% of the study population and an anxiety disorder in 17%. Patients with both an unsecured aneurysm and a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) tended toward higher anxiety scores (p = 0.086). Higher depression scores were associated with a decreased functional status on the GOS (p = 0.015) and Rankin Scale (p = 0.010). The mean +/- standard deviation adjusted MCS score (37.9 +/- 7.1) was significantly less than that of the US population (p < 0.001). Lower MCS scores were associated with a decreased functional status on the GOS (p = 0.052), Rankin Scale (p < 0.001), and Barthel Index (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with cerebral aneurysms have increased levels of anxiety and depression and poor general mental health. Those who have experienced an SAH and harbor an unsecured cerebral aneurysm demonstrate increased levels of anxiety. A lower functional status in patients with aneurysms is associated with depression and decreased general mental health.     

未婚人工流产手术妇女术前焦虑抑郁与心理压力的关系研究

目的：探讨术前人工流产术妇女术前焦虑抑郁与心理压力的状况及其关系。方法采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和中文版知觉心理压力量表（CPSS）对200例术前未婚人工流产术妇女进行术前调查,分析SAS 、SDS与CPSS之间的关系。结果术前人工流产术妇女CPSS评分总分为（27.52±6.39）分,HRS者检出率为39％;SAS、SDS评分分别为（56.38±13.25）分、（53.38±11.25）分,明显高于国内常模（37.23±12.58）分、（41.38±10.57）分（t=193.47、14.64,P＜0.01）。术前未婚人工流产术妇女焦虑抑郁与心理压力存在显著正相关（P＜0.01）。结论焦虑抑郁情绪会加重术前未婚人工流产术妇女的心理压力,消除焦虑抑郁情绪能够缓解心理压力。     

Preoperative emotional states in patients with breast cancer and postoperative pain

BACKGROUND: The present study examined the relationship between psychological variables, including anxiety, depression, and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) use in patients who underwent radical mastectomy. METHODS: Ninety-nine ASA I-II women with breast cancer between 18 and 60 years scheduled for modified radical mastectomy completed the state scale of the state-trait anxiety inventory and the Beck depression inventory before the day of surgery. Standard general anesthesia, surgery, and IV-PCA therapy was conducted. Postoperative ratings of pain intensity, opioid consumption and satisfaction with PCA were recorded for the first 24 h on the ward. The degree of pain intensity was evaluated by a visual analog scale (VAS, 1-10). Satisfaction with pain control was reported using an five-point scale from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied). RESULTS: The pain intensity, total analgesic consumption and dose/demand ratio were significantly related to preoperative anxiety and depression (P<0.05). Degree of dissatisfaction with PCA was significantly correlated with preoperative anxiety and depression (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Patients with higher anxiety and depression levels had higher postoperative pain and analgesic requirements in this study.     

成人心脏手术患者合并焦虑和抑郁的研究进展

焦虑是一种带有恐惧成分的强烈行为和心理反应,抑郁是一种以心境的高涨或低落为主的精神障碍,两种症状均伴有认知和行为的改变,是心脏病患者常见的共患病。心脏手术是引发患者特定情绪和生理反应的重要因素之一,术后持续或首发的抑郁和焦虑不仅会增加手术并发症、近期或远期的死亡率和医疗费用等,还会严重影响患者的社会功能和生活质量。随着生物-心理-社会医学模式的转变,对心脏手术患者进行围术期的心理状态和生物学风险评估必不可少。本文对心脏手术患者焦虑和抑郁的特点、相关机制及治疗干预等进行综述。     

妇幼专科医院护理带教老师心理健康状况及与社会支持的相关性

目的 调查妇幼专科医院护理带教老师心理健康状况,并探讨其心理健康与社会支持的关系。 方法 采用整群抽样法抽取1所妇幼专科医院护理带教老师288人,采用一般资料问卷、症状自评量表和社会支持评定量表进行调查。 结果 妇幼专科医院护理带教老师心理健康总均分为1.61±0.50,除躯体化外,其抑郁、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执及精神病性因子得分与全国护士常模比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）;护理带教老师的社会支持总分为41.50±8.39,其社会支持各维度得分及总分与心理健康各维度及总分呈负相关（均P＜0.01）。 结论 妇幼专科医院护理带教老师的心理健康水平及社会支持均有待提高,医院护理管理者可以通过提高护理带教老师社会支持水平促进其心理健康,使其更好地平衡工作压力和自身需求,保证护理工作质量。     

The visual analog scale allows effective measurement of preoperative anxiety and detection of patients' anesthetic concerns

The advent of managed care, reduction of costs, and advances in medical technology place increasing demands on anesthesiologists. Preoperative anxiety may go unnoticed in an environment that stresses increased productivity. The present study compares different methods for measuring preoperative anxiety, identifies certain patient characteristics that predispose to high anxiety, and describes the quantity and quality of anxiety that patients experience preoperatively. Seven hundred thirty-four patients participated in the study. We assessed aspects of anxiety by means of visual analog scales (VAS) and the State Anxiety Score of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The mean STAI anxiety score was 39 +/- 1 (n = 486) and the mean VAS for fear of anesthesia was 29 +/- 1 (n = 539). Patients feared surgery significantly more than anesthesia (P < 0.001). The VAS measuring fear of anesthesia correlated well with the STAI score (r = 0.55; P < 0.01). Young patients, female patients, and patients with no previous anesthetic experience or a previous negative anesthetic experience had higher anxiety scores. Patients worried most about the waiting period preceding surgery and were least concerned about possible awareness intraoperatively. Factor analysis of various anxiety items showed three distinct dimensions of fear: 1) the fear of the unknown 2) the fear of feeling ill, and 3) the fear for one's life. Among these dimensions, fear of the unknown correlated highest with the anxiety measuring techniques STAI and VAS. The simple VAS proved to be a useful and valid measure of preoperative anxiety. IMPLICATIONS: The study of qualitative aspects of anxiety reveals three distinct dimensions of preoperative fear: fear of the unknown, fear of feeling ill, and fear for one's life. Groups of patients with a higher degree of preoperative anxiety and their specific anesthetic concerns can be identified using the visual analog scale.     

Improvement in patient-reported outcomes in Chinese adults after bariatric surgery: 1-year follow-up of a prospective cohort

BackgroundImpaired health-related quality of life is commonly observed in patients with obesity who are scheduled for bariatric surgery. However, bariatric surgery tends to improve quality of life physically, with no final conclusion regarding mental domains.ObjectiveTo assess changes of patient-reported outcomes in terms of health-related quality of life, depression, anxiety status, and physical activity (PA) after bariatric surgery among patients with obesity.SettingsQueen Mary Hospital, Tung Wah Hospital, and United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong SAR; a longitudinal study.MethodsA multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in Hong Kong between 2017 and 2018. Follow-up interviews at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively were administrated via telephone. Short Form-12 Health Survey Version 2, Euroqol 5-dimension-5-level, and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite were used to assess health-related quality of life. Scores of anxiety and depression were evaluated by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Walking, moderate, and vigorous metabolic equivalent tasks and PA levels were measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. Demographic and clinical characteristics, including age, sex, body mass index, and preexisting co-morbidities at baseline were collected. Comparisons of scores were made between baseline and 12 months using paired t test or McNemar test.ResultsA total of 25 patients who have received bariatric surgery (laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: 96%; laparoscopic gastric bypass: 4%) and 25 control patients matched using propensity scores derived by baseline covariates were involved. Significant improvements were observed in health-related quality of life regarding physical functioning (P < .001), role physical (P = .013), bodily pain (P = .011), general health (P < .011), vitality (P = .029), social functioning (P = .017), and physical composite summary (P < .001) of Short Form-12 Health Survey Version 2 from baseline to follow-up 12 months after surgery. Scores of physical composite summary, mental composite summary, and Short Form-6 D of surgical patients all had an overall upward trend during observation compared with those in the control group. All domains in Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite were significantly higher at 12 months compared with baseline (P = .001 in sexual life domain, P < .001 in other domains). Patients experienced a decrease in depression score of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 12 months after bariatric surgery (P = .026), while anxiety score was not found to differ from baseline (P = .164). No significant differences in total metabolic equivalent tasks (P = .224) and PA levels (P = .180) between baseline and 12-month follow-up were found.ConclusionAfter 12 months of follow-up, increase in physical quality of life, reduction in depression status and less impairment caused by weight were observed, without significant changes in anxiety score and postoperative PA.     

全膝关节置换术前心理状态与术后早期膝关节功能的相关性研究

  目的 探讨全膝关节置换术前患者心理状态与术后膝关节功能的相关性。方法 2010年7至10月接受全膝关节置换且符合纳入标准的骨关节炎患者 111例（155膝）,按照医院焦虑抑郁量表（Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,HADS）对术前心理状态进行评估。HADS≥8分（有焦虑、抑郁）者纳入心 理组（21例）,HADS0.05）;与术后6个月膝关节疼痛呈正相关（r=0.613,0.530,0.500,0.473;P0.05）。结论 患者术前的焦虑、抑郁状态对全膝关节置 换术后膝关节功能的恢复有负面影响。     

The Impact of Mental Illness on Postoperative Adverse Outcomes After Outpatient Joint Surgery

BackgroundThe effect of pre-existing mental illness on outpatient surgical outcomes is not well characterized. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between pre-existing mental illness diagnosis and postoperative complications after outpatient total knee (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) and 2) compare with inpatient total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsThe Mariner Claims Database was used to capture patients undergoing outpatient TJA from 2010 to 2017. Patients were grouped into three categories: those with an existing history of anxiety and/or depression, those with severe mental illness, and those without history of mental illness. Additional subgroup analysis compared those with severe mental illness undergoing outpatient vs inpatient TJA. Outcomes were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression (P < .05).ResultsPatients undergoing outpatient TJA with prior history of anxiety and/or depression or severe mental illness had an increased risk of emergency department (ED) visits (TKA, P < .001; THA, P = .014) within 90 days compared with those without history of mental illness. Severe mental illness was also associated with increased risk of medical complications at 90 days (TKA, P < .001; THA, P = .006). When compared with those undergoing inpatient surgery, patients undergoing outpatient TKA with severe mental illness were at increased risk of periprosthetic infection (P = .005) and ED visit (P = .003) within 90 days of surgery.ConclusionAnxiety/depression and severe mental illness are associated with higher rates of ED visits after outpatient TJA. Patients with severe mental illness also experienced more adverse events, whereas those with anxiety and/or depression had similar rates compared with control. A higher rate of adverse outcomes was seen after TKA in patients with severe mental illness when surgery was performed in the outpatient setting vs those that had surgery as an inpatient.Level of EvidenceIII.