牛磺酸镁抗豚鼠离体心脏2型短QT综合征作用的研究

目的观察牛磺酸镁配合物(taurine-magnesium coordination compound,TMCC)对豚鼠离体心脏表面心电图的影响,初步探索TMCC抗2型短QT综合征(type 2 short QT syndrome,SQT2)的作用。方法采用Langendorff主动脉逆行灌流法对豚鼠离体心脏进行灌流,利用Biopac生理记录仪采集豚鼠离体心脏表面Ⅱ导联心电图以观测TMCC在应用吡那地尔(pinacidil)诱导SQT2条件下,对豚鼠离体心脏QT间期、有效不应期、跨室壁复极离散度、RR和QT间期不稳定性等的影响。结果 TMCC能够逆转吡那地尔所致QT间期的缩短,逆转吡那地尔所致有效不应期的缩短,降低吡那地尔所致的跨室壁复极离散度增大,减小吡那地尔所致的RR、QT间期不稳定性增大。结论 TMCC通过延长QT间期和有效不应期、降低跨室壁复极离散度和不稳定性等作用对SQT2有一定治疗作用。     

药物致心律失常及其评价模型研究进展

目的综述药物致心律失常的可能机制,对模型做一简要回顾评价,为找出合适的临床前评价模型提供帮助。方法检索近几年的文献资料进行分析归纳。结果与讨论只有对药物致心律失常的机制充分掌握,才能建立合适的模型预防心律失常。     

药物致心律失常及其评价模型研究进展

目的综述药物致心律失常的可能机制,对模型做一简要回顾评价,为找出合适的临床前评价模型提供帮助。方法检索近几年的文献资料进行分析归纳。结果与讨论只有对药物致心律失常的机制充分掌握,才能建立合适的模型预防心律失常。     

兔左室肌三层细胞动作电位和L型钙离子流异质性以及胺碘酮急性灌流作用的研究

摘要 目的 本实验用膜片钳技术研究正常兔心室内、外膜层及M细胞的动作电位时程（APD）跨壁离散度（TDR）和三层细胞的L-型钙通道电流的异质性,以及胺碘酮急性灌流对上述生理指标的影响。方法 以混合气-二型胶原酶消化法分离兔左室游离壁内、中、外三层心肌,继而对其采用全细胞膜片钳记录生理台氏液和10μmol/L浓度胺碘酮急性灌流测量AP和Ica-L离子电流。结果：(1)APD以M细胞为最长,内膜细胞最短,外膜细胞居中,APD 90分别为488.13±22.88 ms、326.36±14.51 ms和391.1±23 ms,P<0.05;TDR为185 ms。存在显著的l相切迹和2相驼峰。(2)应用胺碘酮后的三层细胞动作电位的APD 20,50和90在M细胞显著缩短（P<0.05）,Edno显著延长（P<0.05）,TDR明显减小。胺碘酮对动作电位的形态无影响。(3)正常兔三层心肌细胞的ICa-L电流密度存在明显差异,外膜细胞和内膜细胞的ICa-L电流密度分别为：6.21±1.35 和 7.20±0.83 pA／pF。M细胞的ICa-L电流密度较大为11.59±3.71pA／pF, P <0.05。三层细胞的ICa-L 电压-电流曲线形态和电压依赖性无差异。(4)10μmol/L胺碘酮急性灌流对ICa-L的影响,在内、外细胞和M均有所抑制,但只有M细胞有统计学意义11.59±3.71 vs 7.28±2.01,（P<0.05）。胺碘酮对三层细胞的ICa-L的电压-电流（I-V )曲线形态和电压依赖性无差异。结论 (1)兔三层心肌细胞的AP存在明显的异质性,M细胞拥有明显大的APD,Endo细胞的APD最短,三层细胞的TDR较大。外膜细胞的AP形态有大的2相穹窿,M细胞拥有小的穹窿和尖锐的0时相上升支,呈尖峰圆顶型。M细胞明显大的ICa-L,外膜细胞和内膜细胞的ICa-L大小相仿,三层细胞的ICa-L的形态无差异。(2)胺碘酮延长Endo细胞的APD,缩短M细胞的APD,使得TDR减小。胺碘酮能显著抑制M细胞的ICa-L,但不影响三层细胞的ICa-L的形态。     

异甜菊醇抗豚鼠离体心脏缺氧复灌损伤作用

目的　拟证实双萜类化合物异甜菊醇抗豚鼠离体心脏缺氧复灌损伤作用及与线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道 (mito KATP)的关系。方法　Langendorff装置逆向心脏灌注。预先灌注异甜菊醇 1,5和 10μmol·L- 1,5min ,流速约为 9.5mL·min- 1,全心停灌 30min ,复灌 2 0min ,观察心脏舒缩功能、冠脉流出液酶学和心肌组织学改变。结果异甜菊醇预处理有效减轻缺氧复灌引起的左室舒缩功能下降 ,降低冠脉流出液中乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶浓度 ;延迟停灌后心脏出现挛缩的时间。mito KATP关闭剂 5 羟基癸酸 10 0 μmol·L- 1可部分逆转异甜菊醇 10 μmol·L- 1的心肌保护作用。光学和电子显微镜观察结果表明 ,异甜菊醇预处理可减轻缺氧复灌引起的心肌纤维和线粒体损伤。结论　异甜菊醇 1～ 10 μmol·L- 1预灌注可有效减轻豚鼠离体心肌缺氧复灌引起的损伤 ,该作用可能与mito KATP的开放有关。     

Coronary vasoconstriction and PGI2 release by leukotrienes in isolated guinea pig hearts

In isolated, perfused guinea pig hearts, leuokotrienes C₄ and D₄ (0.1–100 ng) dose-dependently decreased coronary flow rate and left ventricular systolic pressure. The leukotrienes (10–100 ng) released prostacyclin, but not thromboxane A₂, from the heart. In isolated atria, they (10⁻⁸–10⁻⁶ M) showed slight positive inotropism. Thus, it is concluded that leukotrienes C₄ and D₄ are potent coronary vasoconstrictors, and might play a role in coronary vasospasm during cardiac anaphylaxis.     

Effect of antiarrhythmic drug E 4031 on Na /Ca 2 exchange currents in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes

应用全细胞电压钳的斜坡脉冲程序测定离体豚鼠心肌细胞准稳态电流电压关系曲线,研究Ⅲ类抗心律失常药Ｅ－４０３１对Ｎａ＋／Ｃａ２＋交换电流的影响,结果表明Ｅ－４０３１０．１,１．０,１０,５０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１使Ｎｉ２＋敏感电流浓度依赖性增加,膜电位＋５０ｍＶ时分别增加（７０±３８）％,（９１±５３）％,（１１８±６３）％,（１２２±５１）％;膜电位－１００ｍＶ时增加（２５±２０）％,（５１±３２）％,（１１３±８４）％,（９３±７３）％。提示Ｅ－４０３１对心室肌细胞Ｎａ＋／Ｃａ２＋交换电流的增强作用可能是其正性变力作用的重要机理。     

低浓度毒毛旋花子苷原对离体豚鼠衰竭心脏的影响

目的　研究低浓度毒毛旋花子苷原 (strophanthidin ,Str)对离体衰竭心脏心功能及心肌细胞膜Na+,K+ ATP酶活性的影响。方法　Langendorff离体心脏灌流装置制备戊巴比妥钠心衰模型 ,八道生理记录仪测定不同浓度Str对心功能的影响 ,无机磷法测定各组心肌细胞膜Na+,K+ ATP酶活性。结果　Str 1× 10 -9～ 1× 10 -7mol·L-1均能不同程度地持续增加衰竭心脏的心率、左室收缩压及左室收缩的最大速率 ,但 1× 10 -7mol·L-1对Na+,K+ ATP酶活性无明显抑制 ,1× 10 -10 ～ 1× 10 -8mol·L-1则可升高Na+,K+ ATP酶的活性 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。 1× 10 -6 ～ 1× 10 -4 mol·L-1可使心功能指标先升高、后降低 ,且伴有心脏收缩不规则和心律失常 ,也可剂量依赖性地抑制Na+,K+ ATP酶活性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　高浓度Str的正性肌力及伴有的心脏毒性作用是通过抑制Na+,K+ ATP酶实现的 ;而低浓度的正性肌力作用则和Na+,K+ ATP酶抑制无关     

硫酸镁对离体豚鼠心肌细胞钙通道的影响

硫酸镁对离体豚鼠心肌细胞钙通道的影响１樊济海２，杨钧国，唐明３，王杨淦，刘庆华３（同济医科大学心血管疾病研究所，３心电生理实验室，武汉４３００２２，中国）Ｅｆｅｃｔｏｆｍａｇｎｅｓｉｕｍｓｕｌｆａｔｅｏｎｃａｌｃｉｕｍｃｈａｎｎｅｌｓｉｎｉｓｏｌａｔ...     

抗心律失常药E-4031通过蛋白激酶C途径影响豚 鼠心室肌细胞Na+/Ca2+交换 (英文)

应用全细胞电压钳技术的斜坡脉冲程序 ,测定离体豚鼠心肌细胞准稳态电流 -电压关系曲线 ,研究E- 40 31增强 Na /Ca2 交换电流的机理 .结果表明蛋白激酶 C激动剂十四酰佛波乙酯 ( TPA) 5,1 0和1 5nmol· L-1使膜电位 50 m V时的 Ni2 敏感电流分别增加 ( 1 1 6± 43) % ,( 2 2 5± 63) %和 ( 2 89±69) % .使膜电位 - 1 0 0 m V时的 Ni2 敏感电流分别增加 ( 2 9± 1 7) % ,( 1 0 4± 2 1 ) %和 ( 1 40± 2 9) % .蛋白激酶 C拮抗剂他莫昔芬 2 0 μmol· L-1可完全阻断 E- 40 31和 TPA对该电流的刺激作用 .结果提示 ,E- 40 31通过蛋白激酶 C途径激动 Na /Ca2 交换 .     

Inhibitors of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in guinea pig isolated ischemic hearts

During heart ischemia, ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the sarcolemmal membrane (sarcK_ATP) open and cause shortening of the action potential duration. This creates heterogeneity of repolarization, being responsible for the development of re-entry arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, the aim is to develop selective blockers of the cardiac sarcK_ATP channel. In the present study we established an in vitro model and classified 5 K_ATP channel inhibitors with respect to their potency and selectivity between cardiomyocytes and the coronary vasculature and compared the results with inhibition of Kir6.2/SUR2A channels expressed in HEK293 cells, recorded with the Rb⁺-efflux methods. We used Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts, where low-flow ischemia plus hypoxia was performed by reducing the coronary flow (CF) to 1.2 ml/min and by gassing the perfusion solution with N₂ instead of O₂. Throughout the experiment, the monophasic action potential duration at 90% repolarization (MAPD₉₀) was recorded. In separate experiments, high-flow hypoxia was produced by oxygen reduction in the perfusate from 95% to 20%, which caused an increase in the coronary flow. Under normoxic conditions, the substances glibenclamide, repaglinide, meglitinide, HMR 1402 and HMR 1098 (1 M each) reduced the CF by 34%, 38%, 19%, 12% and 5%, respectively. The hypoxia-induced increase in CF was inhibited by the compounds half-maximally at 25 nM, approximately 200 nM, 600 nM, approximately 9 M and >100 M, respectively. In control experiments after 5 min low-flow ischemia plus hypoxia, the MAPD₉₀ shortened from 121±2 to 99±2 ms (n=29). This shortening was half-maximally inhibited by the substances at concentrations of 95 nM, 74 nM, 400 nM, 110 nM and 550 nM, respectively. In HEK293 cells the Rb⁺-efflux through KIR6.2/SUR2A channels was inhibited by the compounds with IC₅₀ values of 21 nM, 67 nM, 205 nM, 60 nM and 181 nM, respectively. In summary, the present data demonstrate that the sulfonylurea glibenclamide, and the carbamoylbenzoic acid derivatives repaglinide and meglitinide are unselective blockers of K_ATP channels in cardiac cells and in the cardiac vascular system, whereas the sulfonylthioureas HMR 1402, and especially HMR 1098 selectively blocked the cardiac sarcK_ATP channel. Blockade of Kir6.2/SUR2A channels in HEK293 cells occurred with comparable efficacy as in the cardiac tissue, indicating that the expression system is suited for screening for novel inhibitors.     

Screening of inotropic drugs on isolated rat and guinea pig hearts

A technique is described for screening the effects of inotropic drugs on isolated rat or guinea pig hearts perfused at constant coronary pressure and at a frequency of 6 Hz. Their performances, including function curves, were recorded using an intraventricular balloon. Both preparations became either sensitive from initially having been insensitive, or more sensitive from having been slightly sensitive at the outset, to inotropic interventions, provided the external calcium concentration was reduced to 0.25 mM for the rat and 0.50 mM for the guinea pig. The inotropic effect of drugs such as isoproterenol, forskolin, and theophylline was only slightly altered by lowering [Ca]_o. Amrinone, sulmazole, and beta agonists such as xamoterol, cicloprolol, pindolol, or RU 42173 almost never caused an inotropic effect at the serum calcium concentration of 2.50 mM, whereas they did provoke a positive response at low [Ca]_o. Other compounds such as ouabain, salbutamol, and pimobendan were toxic at high [Ca]_o, although at reduced [Ca]_o their positive effect on contractility was quite evident.