Me32aT22/2L细胞内肝豆状核变性基因的表达恢复铜转运功能的实验研究

目的 观察Me32aT22/2L细胞内肝豆状核变性基因(ATP7B基因)的表达是否可以转运细胞内的多余铜及纠正铜对细胞的毒性作用.为基因治疗肝豆状核变性奠定基础. 方法 采用脂质体lipofectamin2000,将含ATP7B cDNA重组真核表达质粒pRc/CMV-WD导人Me32aT22/2L细胞内,免疫荧光检测ATP7B在细胞内的表达分布;高铜孵育培养观察外源性ATP7B的铜转运功能,以及检测ATP7B减低高铜对细胞的毒性作用. 结果 转染后的Me32aT22/2L细胞内可检测到ATP7B的表达,且分布在细胞核的周围;在高铜孵育24、48、72 h后,转染空载体组细胞内铜的含量分别为(600.60±69.71)ng/mg、(890.72±65.74)ng/mg和(1189.20±85.71)ng/mg,而表达有外源性ATP7B的细胞内铜的含量分别为(351.33±49.86)ng/mg、(427.38±30.95)ng/mg和(539.10±34.91)ng/mg,两组相比差异均有统计学意义(P,0.01);同时,与转染空载体组相比,转染ATP7B基因的细胞中的细胞凋亡率明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01). 结论 ATP7B基因转人Me32aT22/2L细胞后能得到有效表达,并可以将细胞内多余的铜转运出去,从而降低了铜对细胞的凋亡诱导作用.     

白细胞介素12基因修饰大鼠胶质瘤9L/rIL-12细胞的建立

目的 构建大鼠白细胞介素12（rIL-12）基因真核表达载体质粒,建立rIL-12基因修饰并稳定表达的大鼠胶质瘤9L/rIL-12细胞.方法 用Trizol提取大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞总RNA,RT-PCR方法分别获取rp40和rp35 cDNA,依次克隆人pcDNA3.1（-）/mycHis A质粒中,以IRES连接双亚基,构建成双顺反子真核表达载体质粒pcDNA3.1/rIL-12.将构建的重组质粒转染大鼠胶质瘤9L细胞,G418筛选单克隆细胞株,ELISA法检测其培养上清rIL-12（p70）蛋白含量,同时抽提细胞RNA,RT-pCR方法检测rp40、rp35基因在9L/rIL-12细胞中的表达.结果 所得rp40cDNA序列与Gene Bank NM022611及AF133197、rp35cDNA序列与Gene Bank NM053390及AF177031均一致,构建的质粒经PCR、酶切及测序鉴定正确.质粒转染9L细胞后,获得2个rIL-12基因稳定、高效表达的9L/rIL-12单克隆细胞株,其培养上清rIL-12（p70）蛋白含量分别为139.0、162.1 pg/ml,RT-PCR结果显示细胞中rIL-12基因表达呈阳性.结论 成功构建了rIL-12真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1/rIL-12,并建立了9L/rIL-12细胞株,为rIL-12基因修饰的胶质瘤疫苗研究打下了基础.     

人重组NT-3基因体外转染胚胎干细胞及其表达

目的 探讨神经营养素-3(NT-3)基因体外转染小鼠胚胎干细胞(ES)的可能性及其表达情况.方法 用脂质体介导的方法,将重组真核表达载体PCDNA-3.1(+).NT-3瞬时转染ES.用细胞免疫组化及RT-PCR检测转染细胞NT-3蛋白及mRNA表达.ELISA检测细胞分泌上清液中NT-3蛋白表达.结果 细胞免疫组化结果显示,转染NT-3基因的ES细胞胞浆呈红色染色;RT-PCR得到200 bp的基因片段;ELISA检测细胞分泌上清液中NT-3蛋白表达呈阳性,与对照组有显著差别(P＜0.05).结论 重组真核表达载体PCDNA-3.1(+).NT-3可成功转染ES,获得稳定表达NT-3的ES细胞株.     

线粒体加工肽酶干扰RNA真核表达载体转染PC12细胞系的构建及鉴定

目的利用干扰RNA技术构建线粒体加工肽酶(MPPs)的干扰RNA真核表达载体,稳定转染大鼠PC12细胞来抑制MPPs基因的表达,为研究MPPs蛋白的功能提供实验基础。方法脂质体转染已经构建好的4个MPPs干扰RNA真核表达载体和阴性对照干扰RNA真核表达载体到大鼠PC12细胞株,G418筛选阳性转染细胞克隆,制备稳定转染5个MPPs干扰RNA真核表达载体的PC12细胞系。用RT-PCR检测MPPs基因表达。结果获得稳定转染5个MPPs干扰RNA真核表达载体的PC12细胞系,RT-PCR证实所有4个干扰组(siRNA1,siRNA2,siRNA3 and siRNA4)MPPs-mRNA表达均下调,分别达到28%、38%、26%、16%。结论成功建立稳定转染MPPs干扰RNA的PC12细胞系。通过RT-PCR等相关方法证实MPPs干扰RNA真核表达载体转染PC12细胞成功。     

PTEN重组腺病毒对胶质瘤细胞株凋亡及凋亡抑制蛋白因子家族的影响

目的探讨以腺病毒为载体转染第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源基因(phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)对胶质瘤细胞株增殖和凋亡的影响,并探讨其相关作用机制。方法以携带PTEN的重组腺病毒(Ad-PTEN)转染胶质瘤细胞株,应用RT-PCR、Western blot检测PTEN基因mR-NA、蛋白表达的变化,MTT、TUNEL和流式细胞法检测转染后细胞增殖能力及凋亡率的改变。RT-PCR检测转染后凋亡抑制蛋白因子家族(inhibtor of apoptosis family of proteins,IAPS):CIAP1、CIAP2、XIAP、SURVIVIN的mRNA水平的变化,Westernblot检测细胞CIAP1、CIAP2、XIAP、SURVIVIN的蛋白表达水平的变化。结果经荧光显微镜证实Ad-PTEN转染成功,Western blot、RT-PCR显示转染后PTEN基因表达显著增加。PTEN转染U251、U87、A172细胞株后3d细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组(F分别为93.80、95.70、72.52,P0.01),PTEN转染组中CIAP1、CIAP2、XI-AP、SURVIVIN mRNA及蛋白水平与空白转染组mRNA及蛋白水平相比明显下降(F分别为73.8、49.5、50.4、69.1、39.7、48.8、54.3、70.3,P0.01)。结论 PTEN转染后可能通过抑制IAPS家族表达途径促进细胞凋亡,从而抑制胶质瘤细胞株的的生长。     

人NR2B基因真核表达载体的构建及其在CHO细胞中的表达

目的 克隆人NR2B基因,构建其真核表达载体,获得暂态表达NR2B的CHO细胞.方法 RT-PCR方法克隆人NR2B基因,并插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1中,将该重组载体转染至CHO细胞.通过RT-PCR、Western blot及间接免疫荧光鉴定细胞中NR2B的表达,通过流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡.结果 成功获得人NR2B基因,转染的CHO细胞可检测到NR2B的表达,表达NR2B的CHO细胞并不会凋亡.结论 成功克隆和构建了人NR2B基因的真核表达载体,并在CHO细胞中得到了表达.     

NOV基因真核表达载体的构建及在大鼠真皮多能干细胞中的表达

目的 构建肾母细胞瘤过度表达(NOV)基因真核表达载体并检测其在真皮多能干细胞中的表达. 方法 利用逆转录-多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法,以新生大鼠大脑组织总RNA为模板,扩增出1 178bp的NOV基因的cDNA编码区序列,然后用Hind Ⅲ和BamH Ⅰ双酶切后定向克隆入真核表达载体pEGFP-N1质粒中,用脂质体法将重组质粒转染入大鼠真皮多能干细胞中,荧光显微镜观察转染产物,RT-PCR法检测转染细胞中NOV基因表达. 结果 NOV基因cDNA正确克隆到真核表达载体pEGFP-N1质粒中;重组质粒体外转染入大鼠真皮多能干细胞后,可见转染细胞有绿色荧光表达.转染细胞中检测到NOV基因. 结论 构建成功NOV基因重组质粒,并能在大鼠真皮多能干细胞中稳定表达,为NOV基因及真皮多能干细胞的作用研究提供了有利的分子工具.     

RNA干扰PDGF-B基因对胶质瘤U251细胞凋亡和增殖的影响

目的利用RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)技术特定沉默胶质瘤U251细胞株的血小板源生长因子-B(PDGF-B)基因,观察其对U251细胞株细胞凋亡和增殖的影响。方法利用脂质体将针对PDGF-B基因的siRNA转染进入U251细胞,利用实时荧光定量多聚核苷酸链式反应(RTPCR)检测PDGF-B基因表达;Western blot检测显示siRNA转染组PDGF-B蛋白表达,采用MTT法检测胶质瘤U251细胞的增殖,应用流式细胞计数观察抑制PDGF-B基因后胶质瘤U251细胞的凋亡情况。结果 RT-PCR检测PDGF-B基因表达明显下降;Western blot检测显示siRNA转染组PDGF-B蛋白表达明显抑制(抑制率60%),MTT结果显示siRNA转染组U251细胞增殖较对照组明显降低;流式细胞学检测提示降低PDGF-B在胶质瘤细胞的表达能抑制胶质瘤细胞的有丝分裂,促进细胞的凋亡。结论构建针对胶质瘤细胞PDGF-B的RNA干扰质粒并转染人胶质瘤U251细胞株后,可明显抑制U251细胞株PDGF的表达,对人胶质瘤U251细胞株有明显的生长抑制和促进凋亡作用。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子-慢病毒真核表达载体的构建及转染

背景：以往研究多采用质粒载体,由于其转染效率不高,且转染时需借助脂质体转染剂进行转染,转染具有细胞毒性,操作复杂等难以应用于临床。 目的：构建携带人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)基因的慢病毒载体,转染成骨方向诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs),鉴定bFGF基因表达。 方法：实验组：设计人bFGF基因引物,用Trizol法提取胎盘组织RNA,用RT-PCR的方法扩增出bFGF基因,连接至pLenti6/V5-D-TOPO® 表达质粒,经Xho-Ⅰ、BamH-Ⅰ双酶切和DNA测序证实质粒正确构建。在脂质体转染剂Lipofectamine 2000的介导下,将bFGF-pLenti6/V5-D-TOPO表达质粒同包装质粒pLP1、pLP2、 包膜质粒pLP/VSVG 共转染293FT细胞株,收集bFGF-慢病毒上清转染诱导后第2代的兔BMSCs。对照组：设计GFP基因引物,以GFP- PMSLV-Plazmid为模板,PCR的方法扩增出GFP基因,连接至pLenti6/V5-D-TOPO® 表达质粒,构建GFP-慢病毒载体,并转染BMSCs。RT-PCR和Wetern-blot方法检测bFGF、GFP基因的表达。 结果与结论：转染48 h后,对照组BMSCs可见绿色荧光蛋白表达;实验组BMSCs在转染15 d后,RT-PCR方法扩增出bFGF基因,Western-blot检测出目的蛋白表达。提示成功构建携带人bFGF和GFP基因的真核表达载体,建立转染兔BMSCs的方法。     

外源EGFP和hTH基因在恒河猴骨髓源神经干细胞内的稳定表达

目的构建携带人酪氨酸羟化酶(hTH)的荧光真核表达质粒-pEGFP-C2-hTH,转染骨髓基质细胞源神经干细胞(BMSCs-D-NSCs),观察外源EGFP和hTH基因在BMSCs-D-NSCs中的表达情况。方法应用基因重组技术,将pWAV2-TH中的TH目的基因亚克隆到荧光真核表达载体 pEGFP-C2,以酶切和测序鉴定重组质粒pEGFP-C2-hTH的正确性:pEGFP-C2-hTH经NucleofectorTM 核转染仪转染培养的恒河猴BMSCs-D-NSCs,24 h后观察绿色荧光蛋白的瞬时表达情况,10 d后行 TH单克隆抗体的免疫组化和TH基因的RT-PCR。结果 (1)酶切、PCR和DNA序列鉴定均证实插入片段的正确性;(2)细胞转染24 h后,荧光显微镜下可观察到绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达,观察到 80％的转染细胞发出绿色荧光;转染10 d后细胞的RT-PCR检测到hTH基因的表达,TH单克隆抗体免疫组化结果显示转染细胞呈阳性染色,同时在荧光显微镜下观察到绿色荧光。结论构建的 hTH荧光真核表达重组质粒pEGFP-C2-hTH,经电转染方法转染至BMSCs-D-NSCs内,成功表达hTH 和EGFP,为BMSCs-D-NSCs基因治疗提供了实验基础。     

经DNA测序证实的肝豆状核变性基因突变热区的研究

目的研究我国肝豆状核变性（ＷＤ）基因突变的特征。方法应用聚合酶链反应－单链构像多态（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）技术，结合ＤＮＡ测序技术，筛查４０个ＷＤ家系的５６例患者及无亲缘关系的６０名正常人的ＷＤ基因第５、８、１４号外显子（ｅｘｏｎ５，ｅｘｏｎ８，ｅｘｏｎ１４）的突变及多态。结果２１例患者（来自１５个ＷＤ家系）在ｅｘｏｎ８检出２种错义突变，占３７．５％（１５／４０），其中２例（来自同一家系）发生Ａｒｇ７７８Ｇｌｎ纯合子突变（２．５％），８例（分别来自８个ＷＤ家系）发生Ａｒｇ７７８Ｌｅｕ纯合子突变（２０．０％），余１１例（来自６个ＷＤ家系）发生Ａｒｇ７７８Ｌｅｕ杂合子突变（１５．０％，６／４０）。此外，在第８号外显子区域发现了两种多态；在ｅｘｏｎ５和ｅｘｏｎ１４侧翼的内含子区域各发现了１种新多态。这是我国首次经ＤＮＡ测序证实的ＷＤ基因突变热区。结论ｅｘｏｎ８为我国ＷＤ病人基因突变的热区之一，这对于建立准确快速的ＷＤ直接基因诊断方法具有重要意义，该测序方法对明确基因变异的具体部位和内容的具有一定的重要性。     

应用限制性酶谱分析法快速检出Wilson病基因突变热点

目的建立Wilson病（WD）基因突变热点的快速检出方法，并探讨其在WD临床可疑患者诊断中的价值。方法PCR扩增我国WD基因的突变热区──第8号和12号外显子，分别以限制性内切酶MspI和TaiI消化扩增产物，2％琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离，得出相应限制性酶切图谱并进行分析。56例非同源家系的WD患者及60例正常对照进行了该项检测。其中44例同时进行这两个外显子的测序检测。结果37．5％（21／56）的WD患者在第8号外显子检测到Arg778Leu／Gln点突变，其中12例为纯合点突变，9例为杂合点突变，染色体突变频率为29．5％（33／112）。16．1％（9／56）的患者在第12号外显子检测到Thr935Met点突变，均为杂合点突变，染色体突变频率为8．0％（9／112）。结果与测序相符。结论采用限制性酶谱分析法可准确检出WD基因最常见的两个突变点，有助于对临床可疑患者进行诊断。并具有简便快速、结果清晰可靠、不需用同位素等优点，易于推广应用。     

微卫星标记AFM084xc5多态性与Wilson病基因诊断的研究

目的 评估中国人群Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ病（ＷＤ）基因侧翼微卫星ＤＮＡ（ＳＴＲ）位点ＡＦＭ０８４ｘｃ５的基因多态性及在ＷＤ基因诊断中的价值。方法 采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）,变性聚丙酰酰胺凝胶电泳和银染法分析８１名无血缘关系中国人ＡＦＭ０８４ｘｃ５的片段长度多态性;并对１９个ＷＤ家系进行ＳＴＲ连锁分析。结果 ＡＦＭ０８４ｘｃ５有１７个等位片段,长度范围。为７１￣１０３ｂｐ,多态信息含量（ＰＩＣ）为０．９０７     

A novel deletion mutation within the carboxyl terminus of the copper-transporting ATPase gene causes Wilson disease

In patients with Wilson disease (WD), an autosomal recessive disorder, toxic accumulation of copper results in fatal liver disease and irreversible neuronal degeneration. ATP7B, the gene mutated in WD, contains 21 exons and encodes a copper-transporting ATPase. In this study, all exons of the ATP7B gene of nine WD patients were screened for alterations by conventional mutation detection enhancement (MDE) heteroduplex analysis, followed by direct sequencing of the regions that showed heteroduplex formation. For the first time, a novel deletion mutation (4193delC) in exon 21, causing a frameshift leading to premature truncation of the protein was detected in four of nine patients. The 4193delC removes several signals within the carboxyl terminal domain that may disrupt trafficking of ATP7B protein through trans-Golgi network at the cellular level.     

A clinical and genetic study of 56 Saudi Wilson disease patients: identification of Saudi-specific mutations

Wilson disease (WD) is a hereditary disorder, with recessive transmission and genetic heterogeneity. Several mutations of ATP7B, the gene underlying WD, were reported in many ethnic groups. In this study, mutation screening in ATP7B of 56 Saudi Arabian WD patients was undertaken. The clinical data of all patients were recorded. The entire ATP7B coding sequence, including intron-exon boundaries were screened for mutation by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based mutation detection technique and DNA sequencing. Thirty-nine patients were symptomatic at presentation and 17 subjects were pre-symptomatic siblings of affected patients. Fourteen patients had neurological, 11 patients had mixed (hepatic and neurological), and 14 patients had hepatic presentations. Family history suggestive of WD was present in 72% of cases and 68% had consanguineous parents. Genetic analysis showed disease-causing mutations in three exons (exons 8, 19 and 21) of the ATP7B gene in 28 patients (50%). Mutations in exons 21 (18 cases) and 19 (one case) were unique for Saudis. This large series of Saudi patients with WD has shown wide variability in the genomic substrate of WD. There is no correlation between genotype and clinical presentation.     

Using Fluorescence PCR Analysis For Gene Diagnosis and Carrier Detection of Chinese Wilson's Disease

Objective To develop a noval gene diagnostic method for detecting the high frequency spot of gene mutation in Chinese Wilson's disease by using the most advanced fluorescence PCR in order to make an early diagnosis and carrier detection. Methods 66 Chinese WD patients from 58 families had typical nanifestations of WD, and significant low levels of serum ceruioplasmin (CP), low levels of serum copper., high levels of urine copper. 55 family members (parents 33 and siblings 22) from 42 families of 58 WD families were normal phenotype with normal levels of CP. 30 in patients suffering from acute cerebrovascular disease, vertigo and headache had no blood relationship to be the control group. We got 5ml blood from each object to collect DNA, and designed two fluorcscent gene probes to hybridize with thc normal and mutant sequence of Arg778Leu respectively. The content of probe hybridization was concordant with the fluoresccin which was released during PCR process. The homozygote, heterozygote of WD and normal were identified by thc results of fluorescence PCR and through analysis we obtained the mutation rate of Arg778Leu. After that we selected 3 random samples (2 from WD patients, I from control group) for direct DNA sequencing in exon 8 of WD gencto testify the accuracy of fluorescence PCR. Results Among 66 Chinese WD patients, homozygous for mutation of Arg778Leu had been found in 5 cases and compound heterozygous found in 21 cases. and the mutation rate of Arg778Leu in our study was totally 39.4%. Of 55 normal phenotype family members. 12 individuals incluing parents 7 and siblings 5 were detected as heterozyous in which 11 (7 parents and 4 siblings) had been confirmed as WD gene carriers but not pre-symptomatic patients according to the throughtout examination and the normal CP. There were no mutation of Arg778Leu in all 30 control cases. Thc results of direct DNA sequencing of 3 at random samples were consilient to those results detected by fluorescence PCR. Conclusion The viewpant which the Arg778Leu mutation is the high frequency spot of Chincse WD gene should be supported by our study. Fluorescence PCR analysis is a rapid. accurate gene diagnostic method and demonstrates a high detecting rate. therefore. it is now the most advanced gene diagnostic method for Wilson's disease.     

Subcortical white matter abnormalities related to drug resistance in Wilson disease

Wilson disease (WD) produces typical lesions in the brain, which can aid in diagnosis and therapy. The authors present a drug-resistant WD case with atypical cerebral lesions with marked involvement of white matter as visualized on MRI scans. The diagnosis was confirmed by identification of mutations in the ATP7B gene. The case demonstrates an uncommon pathology-related cerebral copper accumulation and emphasizes the importance of genetic screening in the diagnosis of WD.     

Sleep disorders in Wilson’s disease

Background: Wilson’s disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease with copper accumulation; neurodegeneration is associated with dopaminergic deficit. The aim of the study is to verify sleep co‐morbidity by questionnaire and objective sleep examinations (polysomnography, multiple sleep latency test). Methods: Fifty‐five patients with WD (22 hepatic, 28 neurological, five asymptomatic form) and 55 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects completed a questionnaire concerning their sleep habits, sleep co‐morbidity, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and answered screening questions for rapid eye movement (REM) behaviour disorder (RBD‐SQ). Twenty‐four patients with WD and control subjects underwent polysomnographic examination. Results: Unlike the controls, patients with WD were more prone to daytime napping accompanied by tiredness and excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy‐like episodes and poor nocturnal sleep. Their mean ESS as well as RBD‐SQ was higher than that of the controls. Total sleep time was lower, accompanied by decreased sleep efficiency and increased wakefulness. Patients with WD had lower latency of stage 1 and stage 2 of non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and less amount of NREM sleep stage 2. One‐third of the patients with WD were found to have short or borderline multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) values independent of nocturnal pathology (sleep apnoea, periodic leg movements and/or restless leg syndrome). Conclusions: Patients with WD often suffer from sleep disturbances (regardless of the clinical form). The spectrum of sleep/wake symptoms raises the suspicion that altered REM sleep function may also be involved.     

Wilson disease with an initial manifestation of polyneuropathy

BACKGROUND: Recognition of Wilson disease (WD) is sometimes difficult because of its diverse manifestations. Peripheral neuropathy is rarely reported in the context of WD. OBJECTIVE: To report an unusual patient with WD whose initial manifestation was peripheral neuropathy. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Neurology department in a tertiary referral center. METHOD: Personal observation. RESULT: A 17-year-old man, who was eventually diagnosed with WD, was initially seen with polyneuropathy at least 6 months prior to developing more typical symptoms of WD. Electrophysiological and pathological studies suggested a neuropathy of mixed type. Treatment for WD resulted in clinical and electrophysiological improvement. CONCLUSION: Wilson disease may initially appear as a treatable polyneuropathy.