胰岛素抵抗大鼠肝脏丝氨酸/酪氨酸磷酸化IRS-1表达异常与脂联素相关的研究

目的 探讨胰岛素抵抗大鼠丝氨酸/酪氨酸磷酸化异常与脂联素(APN)的关系.方法 高脂饲料喂养10周建立胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型,并用正常血糖-高血浆胰岛素钳夹技术评估.应用ELISA法检测大鼠血清APN含量,Western blot法检测肝脏组织中胰岛素受体底物1(IRS-1)磷酸化丝氨酸(IRS-1Ser636)及磷酸化酪氨酸(IRS-1Tyr465)表达.结果 高脂组大鼠葡萄糖榆注率(GIR60～120)明显低于基础饲料组(1.56±0.43vs5.15±0.66 mg·kgM-1·min-1,P<0.01);与基础饲料组相比,高脂饲料组大鼠血清APN水平显著降低(0.70±0.07vs 0.85±0.12 pg/ml,P<0.01),IRS-1Tyr465蛳表达显著降低(111.68±13.41vs127.77±13.17,P<0.05),IRS-1Ser636水平显著升高(109.47±13.75vs94.23±15.05,P<0.05).血清APN水平与IRS-1Tyr465正相关(r=0.68,P<0.01),与IRS-1Ser636负相关(r=-0.70,P<0.0).结论 胰岛素抵抗大鼠APN水平与IRS-1Tyr465正相关,与IRS-1Ser626负相关,提示APN改善胰岛素抵抗机制可能与纠正IRS-1磷酸化异常有关.     

运动对高脂饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗大鼠血清脂联素水平的影响

目的 观察运动对高脂饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗(IR)大鼠血清脂联素(APN)水平的影响.方法 健康Wistar大鼠随机分为基础饲料喂养(NC)组和高脂饲料喂养(HF)组,喂养10周将HF组大鼠随机分为高脂饲料运动(HFE)组和高脂饲料非运动(HFN)组,HFE组大鼠进行4周游泳运动干预,采用正常葡萄糖-高血浆胰岛素钳夹技术评估运动前后大鼠胰岛素敏感性.应用ELISA方法检测大鼠血清APN水平.结果 喂养10周后HF组大鼠平均葡萄糖输注率(GIR)明显低于NC组(P<0.01),血清APN水平较NC组下降(P<0.01);内脏脂肪百分比明显升高(P<0.01).运动4周后,HFE组大鼠GIR较HFN组明显升高(P<0.01),HFE组大鼠血清APN水平较HFN组大鼠升高(P<0.05);内脏脂肪百分比较HFN组明显下降(P<0.01).大鼠血清APN水平与内脏脂肪百分比呈负相关(r=-0.646,P=0.000).结论 运动可提高IR大鼠血清APN水平,提高胰岛素敏感性.     

辛伐他汀对胰岛素抵抗大鼠血清sTNF-α R的影响

目的探讨辛伐他汀对胰岛素抵抗大鼠可溶性肿瘤坏死因子α受体(sTNF-αR)的影响。方法采用高脂饲料喂养建立胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型,并用正常血糖-高血浆胰岛素钳夹技术评估。胰岛素抵抗大鼠给予辛伐他汀(10mg·kg-·1d-1)治疗。应用双抗夹心ELASA法检测大鼠血清sTNF-αR水平。结果高脂饲料组大鼠的葡萄糖输注率明显低于基础饲料组[GIR60~120,(0.76±0.28)vs(4.26±0.70)mg·kg-·1min-1,P<0.01];高脂饲料组大鼠血清sTNF-αR水平明显高于基础饲料组[(1.648±0.17)vs(0.516±0.09)ng/ml,P<0.01];辛伐他汀治疗组大鼠血清sTNF-αR水平明显低于高脂未治疗组[(1.118±0.31)vs(1.648±0.17)ng/ml,P<0.01]。结论胰岛素抵抗大鼠血清sTNF-αR水平显著升高,辛伐他汀干预可降低血清sTNF-αR水平,显示了他汀类调脂外效应对胰岛素抵抗等炎症相关性疾病的潜在治疗作用。     

胰岛素抵抗大鼠内脏脂肪量与脂代谢紊乱的相关性研究

目的探讨高脂饲料诱导的胰岛素抵抗大鼠内脏脂肪量与脂代谢紊乱的关系。方法采用高脂饲料喂养建立胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型,并用正常血糖-高血浆胰岛素钳夹技术评估。血脂分析采用酶测定法,游离脂肪酸测定采用比色法。结果高脂饲料组大鼠的葡萄糖输注率明显低于基础饲料组[GIR60～120(0.76±0.28)vs(4.26±0.70)mg/(kg·min),P<0.01];高脂饲料组大鼠附睾周围脂肪重量[(3.06±0.71)vs(1.91±0.77)g,P<0.01]及其占体重的百分比[(1.13±0.18)%vs(0.70±0.21)%,P<0.01]、血清三酰甘油[(0.11±0.01)vs(0.05±0.01)mmol/L,P<0.01]和游离脂肪酸水平[(0.25±0.01)vs(0.12±0.01)μmol/L,P<0.01]均明显高于基础饲料组;大鼠内脏脂肪量(内脏脂肪占体重百分比)与GIR60-120负相关(r=-0.72,P=0.020)、与血清三酰甘油(r=0.74,P=0.014)和游离脂肪酸(r=0.72,P=0.020)水平正相关。结论高脂饲料诱导的胰岛素抵抗大鼠内脏脂肪堆积可能是产生脂代谢紊乱和胰岛素...     

胰岛素抵抗大鼠脂联素与IKK mRNA表达的相关性研究

目的:探讨胰岛素抵抗大鼠脂联素(APN)与核因子κB(NF-κB)抑制因子激酶(IKK)mRNA表达的关系。方法:采用高脂饲料喂养建立胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型,并用正常血糖-高血浆胰岛素钳夹技术评估。应用RT-PCR方法检测大鼠脂肪组织中APN和IKK mRNA的表达。结果:高脂饲料组大鼠的葡萄糖输注率明显低于基础饲料组[GIR60～120(0.76±0.28vs4.26±0.70)mg·kg-1·min-1,P<0.01];与基础饲料组相比,高脂饲料组大鼠脂肪组织APN mRNA的表达显著降低(A值APN/β-actin0.39±0.23vs1.26±0.30,P<0.05)、IKK mRNA的表达显著升高(A值IKK/β-actin0.99±0.10vs0.17±0.02,P<0.05),APN与IKK mRNA的表达相关(r=-0.83,P<0.05)。结论:胰岛素抵抗大鼠脂肪组织APN与IKK mRNA的表达显著负相关,提示IKK引起的NK-κB的活化可能与胰岛素抵抗时脂肪组织APN合成减少有关。     

葡萄糖调节蛋白78 mRNA在高脂喂养大鼠肝脏中的表达和意义

目的 检测高脂饲料喂养大鼠的肝脏葡萄糖调节蛋白7S(GILP78)mR2qA的表达情况,探讨内质网应激与胰岛素抵抗之间的关系及GKP78在胰岛素抵抗发生机制中的作用.方法 采用高脂饲料喂养建立胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型,30只雄性Wistar大鼠被随机分为基础饮食喂养组(NC,n=15)和高脂饮食喂养组(HF,n=15),分别喂养10用后,用正常血糖-高血浆胰岛素钳夹技术进行评估.应用Real Time PCR方法检测大鼠肝脏中GRP78 mRNA的表达.结果 ①高脂饲料组大鼠的葡萄糖输注率明显低于基础饲料组[GIR60-120(0.90±0.15)vs(4.97±0.68)mg/(ks·min),P<0.01].②高脂饲料组肝脏GRP78 mRNA的表达明显高于基础饲料组[(1.13±0.50)vs(0.43±0.10,P<0.01].③肝脏GRP78 mRNA表达与内脏脂肪占体质量的百分比(r=0.52,P=0.019)、总胆固醇(TC)(r=0.51,P=0.022)成正相关.结论 高脂诱导的胰岛素抵抗大鼠肝脏中GILP78mRNA表达增加,表明大鼠肝脏发生内质网应激和未折叠蛋白反应.     

金芪降糖片对胰岛素抵抗大鼠血清脂肪细胞因子的影响

目的：观察金芪降糖片对胰岛素抵抗（IR）大鼠血清脂肪细胞因子瘦素和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的影响,探讨金芪降糖片干预IR的疗效及其作用机制。方法：高脂饲料喂养8周建立IR大鼠模型,将IR大鼠随机分为2组：高脂饮食（HF）组和高脂饮食牛金芪降糖（HF＋JQ）组,继续喂养6周后测定血糖、血脂、血清胰岛素、瘦素、TNF-α等指标。结果：与普通饲料喂养（NC）组相比,HF组大鼠血脂及血清瘦素[（0.71±0.21vs1.73±0.21）,P〈0.011]、TNF-α[（8.39±2.08vs17.61±2.37）,P〈0.01]均明显升高,胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）降低。与HF组相比,HF＋JQ组大鼠血脂及血清瘦素[（1.73±0.21vs1.36±0.21）,P〈0.01〗、TNF-α[（17.61±2.37vs13.89±2.20）,P〈0.01]均明显降低,ISI升高。结论：金芪降糖能降低IR大鼠TNF-α水平、减轻Leptin抵抗,有效改善IR。     

坎地沙坦改善高脂饮食大鼠胰岛素抵抗的效应

目的 研究血管紧张索Ⅱ受体1拮抗剂(ARB)--坎地沙坦改善高脂饮食诱导大鼠胰岛素抵抗的效应及其可能机制.方法 45只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为普通饲料组(NC组,15只),高脂饲料组(HF组,15只)和高脂饲料坎地沙坦药物组(HF+C组,15只).HF+C组每天灌胃坎地沙坦西酯8 mg/kg,其他两组分别给予等量生理盐水.治疗4周后测定血清生化、胰岛素,进行口服葡萄糖耐量和高胰岛素-正常葡萄糖钳夹实验,评估坎地沙坦对胰岛素敏感性的影响.并用免疫组化法检测肝脏和脂肪组织过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ(PPARγ)的表达.结果 HF组大鼠体重、肝脏、附睾及肾周脂肪重量均明显高于NC和HF+C组(均P<0.01),空腹血糖差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但HF+c组葡萄糖负荷后2 h血糖明显低于HF组[(6.3±0.5)mmol/L vs(7.3±1.2)mmol/L,P<0.01].钳夹结果显示HF+C组葡萄糖输入率明显高于HF组[(22±5)mmoL/L vs(14±4)mmol/L,P<0.01].HF+C组肝脏和脂肪PPAγ蛋白表达水平明显高于HF组.结论 坎地沙坦可明显改善高脂饮食大鼠的胰岛素抵抗,肝脏和脂肪组织PPARγ的高表达.     

胰岛素抵抗大鼠肌肉中IRS-1、P70S6K的表达

目的 应用不同饮食喂养大鼠,测定大鼠产生胰岛素抵抗(IR)的情况,观察大鼠骨骼肌IPS-1、P70S6K的表达及大鼠血清中游离脂肪酸(FFA)和超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)的变化.方法 4周龄Wistar雄性大鼠40只,随机分为4组,分别以普通饲料、高糖饲料、高脂饲料、高糖高脂饲料喂养大鼠8周后,行高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹实验,对大鼠胰岛素抵抗程度进行评估,应用酶联免疫吸附方法 检测大鼠血清中游离脂肪酸及超敏C反应蛋白,分别用Western-Blot、Rt-PCR检测大鼠骨骼肌中的IRS-1、P70S6K.结果 高脂饲料、高糖高脂饲料组大鼠产生胰岛素抵抗,普通饲料、高糖饲料组未出现胰岛素抵抗,胰岛素抵抗组大鼠游离脂肪酸及超敏C反应蛋白明显高于非胰岛素抵抗大鼠(P<0.01),IRS-1在胰岛素抵抗组大鼠明显低于非胰岛素抵抗组大鼠、P70S6K在胰岛素抵抗组大鼠明显高于非胰岛素抵抗组大鼠体重.结论 高脂饲料、高糖高脂饲料喂养大鼠8周可成功的诱导大鼠产生胰岛素抵抗,胰岛素抵抗的产生可能与肥胖、高游离脂肪酸及炎症反应有关.IRS-1在胰岛素抵抗大鼠中的表达降低,P70S6K升高.     

胰岛素抵抗大鼠脂肪组织chemerin mRNA的表达和意义

 目的 探讨胰岛素抵抗大鼠脂肪组织中脂肪因子chemerin mRNA的表达情况,探讨其与胰岛素抵抗之间的关系及意义。 方法 采用高脂饲料喂养建立胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型,将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常饮食组（NC,n=15）和高脂饮食组（HF,n=15）,喂养10周后,以大鼠清醒状态下正常血糖-高血浆胰岛素钳夹技术进行评估,处死后取肾周脂肪组织,应用Real-time PCR方法检测大鼠脂肪组织中chemerin mRNA的表达水平。结果 (1)与NC组比较,HF组60～120 min的平均葡萄糖输注率（GIR60～120）明显降低[(13.87±1.45) mg·kg-1·min-1 vs (24.10±2.87) mg·kg-1·min-1,P<0.05]。(2)与NC组比较,HF组大鼠脂肪组织中chemerin mRNA的表达明显升高[(1.86±1.02) vs (0.92±0.32),P<0.01]。结论 胰岛素抵抗大鼠脂肪组织chemerin mRNA升高,提示脂肪因子chemerin可能参与胰岛素抵抗的发生。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.