骨髓瘤抗原Sp17 HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位预测及初步鉴定

目的鉴定骨髓瘤抗原Sp17的HLA-A＊0201限制性CTL表位。方法采用超基序和量化基序法预测Sp17的HLA-A＊0201限制性CTL表位；用T2细胞亲和力实验和稳定性实验对该表位进行初步鉴定。结果超基序和量化基序法预测得出Sp17抗原的4个CTL表位（LLEGLTREI（19-27）、ILREQPDNI（27-35）、SLLEKREKT（45-53）、KEKEEVAAV（111-119）），亲和力实验结果表明LLEGLTREI（19-27）、ILREQPDNI（27-35）、SLLEKREKT（45-53）有较高亲和力，而KEKEEVAAV（111-119）肽亲和力较低；稳定性实验表明ILREQPDNI（27-35）、SLLEKREKT（45-53）与HLA-A＊0201分子结合稳定性较好。结论ILREQPDNI（27-35）、SLLEKREKT（45-53）有可能是骨髓瘤抗原Sa17 HLA-A＊0201限制件CTL表位。     

肿瘤抗原MAGE-3 HLA-A2限制性CTL表位的预测

目的 预测肿瘤抗原ＭＡＧＥ－３的ＨＬＡ－Ａ２限制性ＣＴＬ表位。方法 以肿瘤特异性抗原ＭＡＧＥ－３为研究目标,采用基序方案和二级锚点相结合的ＣＴＬ表位预测方法。结果 预测出了ＭＡＧＥ－３的６个ＨＬＡ－Ａ２限制性ＣＴＬ表位。结论：所预测出的６个ＨＬＡ－Ａ２限制性ＣＴＬ表位经后续实验筛选、鉴定后,可用于基于ＭＡＧＥ－３的肿瘤治疗性多肽疫苗的设计研究。     

肿瘤抗原TRAG-3 HLA-A2.1限制性CTL表位的鉴定

目的寻找并鉴定TRAG-3来源的HLA-A2．1限制性CTL表位，为临床开展基于TRAG-3表位的特异性免疫治疗奠定基础。方法应用超基序和量化基序方案，预测TRAG-3 HLA-A2．1限制性CTL表位。用计算机分子模拟的方法，对预测表位进行分子模拟。用流式细胞仪分析测定各肽与HLA-A2．1分子的结合力。最后，应用HLA-A2．1阳性健康志愿者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)对其体外诱导的CTL效应进行鉴定。结果应用超基序和量化基序方案，预测出4个候选表位肽，用计算机分子模拟发现其中只有TRAG-3（37-45)不符合HLA-A2．1限制性CTL表位的特点。在上述4个九肽中，TRAG-3(58-66)与HLA-A2．1分子的结合力最高。在进一步的CTL诱导实验中，发现TRAG-3(58-66)能够诱导健康志愿者PBMC产生特异性CTL。结论表位预测、计算机分子模拟、结合力分析和体外CTL诱导实验的一致性较好。4种方法一致认为，TRAG-3（58-66）(ILLRDA-GLV)为HLA-A2．1限制性CTL表位。该表位肽可望用于基于TRAG-3抗原多肽疫苗的临床实验。     

HIV-1 Gag抗原HLA-A*0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位预测及改造分析

初步筛选HIV-1 Gag抗原的HLA-A*0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位,预测并初步鉴定修饰后的表位与HLA-A*0201之间亲和性的变化。采用超基序、蛋白酶解预测等相结合的办法筛选HLA-A*0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位,通过氨基酸置换适当修饰,并以T2细胞株测定肽与HLA-A*0201分子的亲和力和稳定性试验来评价修饰后表位与HLA-A*0201之间亲和性。结果:筛选出3个低亲和性CTL候选表位,经修饰后的表位与HLA-A*0201之间的亲和性均有不同程度的提高。YIYKRWIIL(259-267Y1),YQANFLGKI(429-437Y1)和YTNNPPIPV(249-257Y1)与HLA-A*0201呈高亲和力结合,荧光系数(flurorescene index,FI)分别为2.68、2.54和2.35,同时肽-HLA-A*0201复合物半数解离时间(dissociation complex50,DC50)均大于8h。预测的低亲和力表位经过修饰可能会成为潜在的HLA-A*0201限制性表位。     

SARS冠状病毒M蛋白HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位的预测

目的 预测SAR冠状病霉M蛋白的HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位。方法 联合应用简单基序法和延展基序法。结果 预的测出4个九肽CTL表位。结论通过对SARS冠状病毒M蛋白抗原CTL表位进行预测，从而为SARS冠状病毒M蛋白CTL表位的实验探测和鉴定提供了线索，为认识CTL介导的细胞免疫机制以及基于CTL表位的疫苗研制提供了基础资料。     

SARS冠状病毒N蛋白HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位的预测

目的 预测SARS冠状病毒N蛋白的HLA—A^*0201限制性CTL表位。方法 用人工神经网络和量化矩阵相结合的方法预测出HLA—A^*0201结合肽，再用蛋白酶体矩阵法从中筛选出CTL表位。结果 预测出了6个九肽CTL表位。结论 通过对SARS冠状病毒N蛋白抗原CTL表位进行预测，从而为SARS冠状病毒N蛋白之CTL表位的实验探测和鉴定提供了线索，为认识SARS冠状病毒的免疫保护和免疫病理机制及疫苗的研制提供了基础资料。     

基于SCORE函数估算HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位亲和性

目的 建立HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位亲和性的定量预测方法。方法基于SCORE打分函数,运用定量构效关系的理论和方法研究了HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位九肽结构与亲和性间的定量关系,并建立了SCORE得分与亲和性的定量关系模型,并用外部样本(5个HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位九肽)作为预测集用于检验模型的预测能力。结果基于SCORE打分函数建立的定量模型具有较好的相关性(r=0．9165,RMS=0．38)和对外部样本的预测能力(rpred=0.9847,RMS=0.135)。结论基于SCORE打分函数,运用定量构效关系研究的理论和方法建立了HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位亲和性的定量预测方法,为实验鉴定高亲和性HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位提供了理论依据。     

抗原NY-BR-1的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位的初步鉴定

目的：鉴定乳腺癌分化肿瘤抗原NY-BR-1的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位。方法：采用量化基序法初步预测NYBR-1的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位；分子动力学方法进一步筛选量化基序法中评分最高的3个表位肽；HLA-A2亲合力鉴定预测的结果。结果：分子动力学和HLA-A2亲合力实验均证明，在量化基序法预测的3个候选CTL表位中，NY-BR-11043-1051与HLA-A2亲合力最佳。结论：NY-BR-11043-1051可能为乳腺癌分化抗原NY-BR-1的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位。     

CT抗原KM-HN-1 HLA-A * 0201限制性表位预测及其与HLA-A * 0201结合强度分析

目的通过对CT抗原（cancer-testis antigen）KM-HN-1进行HLA-A＊0201限制性表位预测,并对候选表位肽与HLA-A＊0201分子结合亲和力及复合物稳定性进行分析,为探索基于KM-HN-1的免疫治疗奠定基础。方法利用基于蛋白酶体剪切位点特异性的算法PAProc及基于肽MHC-I结合的算法BIMAS和SYFPEITHI对KM-HN-1进行HLA-A＊0201限制性表位预测．合成KM-HN-1相关候选表位肽KM-HN-I321-329（KLLPFRETV）,KM-HN-I303-211,（FLPTAPPNV）,KM-HN-I629-637。（TLLQIIETV）,KM-HN-I87-95（ILNKSIIEV）,KM-HN-I538-596。（QMMEALDQL）及阳性对照肽HBVcAg18-27（FLPSDFFPSV）;对这些合成肽与HIA-A＊0201分子结合亲和力及其复合物稳定性根据文献报道的方法进行分析。结果KM-HN-I321-329（KLLPERETV）结合亲和力最低,KM-HN—I203-211（FLPTAPPNV）结合亲和力最高,其余3条肽结合亲和力介于2者之间;稳定性实验（DC50）结果显示：KM-HN-I538—546（QMMEALDQL）DC50小于2h,KM—HN-I321-329（KLLPERETV）的DC50介于2～4h之间,KM-HN-I87-95。（ILNKSIIEV）的DC50介于6～8h之间,KM-HN-I233-211（HLPTAPPNV）及KM-HN-I629—633（TLLQIIETV）的DC50均大于8h。结论基于蛋白酶体剪切位点特异性的算法及基于肽MHC-I结合的算法对KM-HN-1进行HLA-A＊0201限制性表位预测,结合候选表位肽与HLA-A＊0201分子结合的亲和力与复合物稳定性实验分析,为该抗原HLA-A＊0201限制性表位的鉴定奠定了基础。     

HPV16E7抗原HLA-A2限制性CTL表位预测及其合成

目的：预测、合成、纯化及鉴定人乳头瘤病毒E7抗原的HLA－A2限制性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞表位，为表位抗原特异性鉴定和临床研究提供靶肽。方法：采用超模体、多项式和量化模体方案相结合的方法，对靶抗原HPV16E7的HLA－A2限制性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（Cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)表位进行预测，并运用固相合成法合成多肽，经RP－HPLC纯化及纯度分析，用质谱进行定性鉴定。结果：分别预测出了16个、10个和3个九肽表位，确定其中5个九肽为候选合成表位，各合成肽的纯度都在95％以上。经质谱分析，各肽的分子量测定值与理论值相符。结论：超模体、多项式和量化模体方案联合应用可提高预测效率，避免了在研究E7抗原表位时盲目合成多肽；所合成的多肽为高纯度靶肽，可用于后续实验研究。     

Identification of a new HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8+ T cell epitope from hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen HCA587

For the development of peptide-based cancer immunotherapies, we aimed to identify specific HLA-A*0201-restricted CTL epitopes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated antigen HCA587, which has been identified as a member of the cancer/testis (CT) antigens highly expressed in HCC. We first combined the use of an HLA-A*0201/peptide binding algorithm and T2 binding assays with the induction of specific CD8(+) T cell lines from normal donors by in vitro priming with high-affinity peptides, then IFN-gamma release and cytotoxicity assays were employed to identify the specific HLA-A*0201 CD8(+) T cell epitope using peptide-loaded T2 cells or the HCA587 protein(+) HCC cell line HepG2. In the six candidate synthesized peptides, two peptides showed higher binding ability in T2 binding assays. No. 2 peptide, encompassing amino acid residues FLAKLNNTV (HCA587(317-325)), was able to activate a HCA587-specific CD8(+) T-cell response in human lymphocyte cultures from two normal donors and two HCC patients, and these HCA587-specific CD8(+) T cells recognized peptide-pulsed T2 cells as well as the HCA587 protein(+) HCC cell line HepG2 in IFN-gamma release and cytotoxicity assays. The results indicate that no. 2 peptide is a new HLA-A*0201-restricted CTL epitope capable of inducing HCA587-specific CTLs. Our data suggest that identification of this new HCA587/HLA-A*0201 peptide FLAKLNNTV may facilitate the design of peptide-based immunotherapies for the treatment of HCA587-bearing HCC patients.     

人乳头状瘤病毒11型E7抗原HLA-A*0201限制性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞表位的功能鉴定

目的 筛选和鉴定人乳头状瘤病毒11型E7抗原(HPVllE7)HLA-A*0201限制性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)表位.方法 预测HPVllE7抗原HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位并合成相对应的表位多肽和四聚体(tetramer),即HPVllE7 7-15(TLKDIVLDL)、15-23(LQPPDPVGL)、47-55(PLTQHYQIL)、81-89(DLLLGTLNI)和82-90(LLLGTLNIV).从健康HLA-A*0201成人外周血单一核细胞诱导树突状细胞(DC)并负载上述表位多肽,流式细胞技术检测DC成熟分化标记及ELISA法检测DC分泌的IL-12;成熟DC负载各组多肽后观察DC激活T淋巴细胞的效应,ELISA法检测T细胞分泌的IFN-γ;四聚体检测抗原特异性CD8+ T细胞及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放法评价DC诱导的CTL对靶细胞的特异性体外杀伤效应.结果 预测的5条HPVllE7表位多肽均能诱导DC的成熟分化;E7 7-15、82-90和15-23多肽负载的DC能激活T淋巴细胞分泌高水平IFN-γ;E7 7-15多肽负载的DC能刺激特异性tetramer+CD8+细胞增殖且其诱导的CTL对HPVllE7/293细胞产生高效率的特异性杀伤作用(P<0.05).结论 筛选并鉴定出1条HPVllE7HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位E7 7-15(TLKDIVLDL),负载该表位肽的DC体外可诱导高效、特异性的CTL效应,抗原性较强,有可能作为HPV感染治疗用肽疫苗的候选表位.     

Computational prediction and experimental assessment of an HLA-A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope from neutral endopeptidase

Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is the first target antigen identified on podocytes in human membranous nephropathy (MN). Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are considered essential for glomerular destruction in MN model. The aim of this study was to show that the CTL epitopes of NEP could be used to design more effective and better tolerated therapies. The CTL epitopes of NEP were screened using the long-distance prediction system SYFPEITHI and the Bioinformatics and Molecular Analysis Section of the MHC Peptide Binding Predictions program. Peptides were synthesized and immunoreactivity was assessed by peptide-MHC-binding affinity assay, cytotoxicity assay and HLA-A2.1/Kb transgenic mice immunization. Five candidates were identified according to the high scores generated by the computer predicting system. Peptide NEP(375-383) (FIMDLVSSL), which up-regulated HLA-A2.1 molecular expression, showed a high affinity to HLA-A2.1, whereas NEP(268-276), NEP(297--305) and NEP(492-500) (QLALEMNKV, MLLYNKMRL and KLNNEYLEL) showed a moderate affinity and NEP(559-567) (ILQPPFFSA) only had a low affinity. Cytotoxicity assay further showed that NEP(268-276) and NEP(375-383) could induce NEP-specific CTL responses in vitro. Unexpectedly, we found that a single CTL epitope, NEP(375-383), could induce proteinuria and glomerular injury in HLA-A2.1/K(b) transgenic mice in vivo. HLA-A*0201-restricted CTL epitope NEP(375-383) can serve as a potential candidate for designing MN vaccine.     

TRAG-3 HLA-A2.1限制性CTL表位的预测及结合力分析

目的：寻找并鉴定TRAG-3来源的HLA-A2.1限制性CTL表位，为临床开展基于TRAG-3表位的特异性免疫治疗奠定基础。方法：应用超基序和量化基序方案预测TRAG-3HLA-A2.1限制性CTL表位；采用标准Fmoc方案合成侯选表位，RP-HPLC纯化、分析多肽，质谱鉴定各肽；最后，用T2细胞株测定各肽与HLA-A2.1分子的结合力。结果：超基序和量化基序方案预测出了4个侯选表位肽；标准Fmoc方案合成的各肽经纯化后纯度大于90％，各肽的相对分子质量与理论值一致；在4个侯选表位肽中，ILLRDAGLV(58-66)九肽与HLA-2.1的结合力最强。结论：表位预测的结果与结合力分析实验结果一致性较好，两者联合应用初步认为ILLRDAGLV(58-66)九肽为TRAG-3HLA-A2.1限制性CTL表位的可能性最大。     

Identification of an epitope from the epithelial cell adhesion molecule eliciting HLA-A*2402-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses

Because the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) is expressed in almost all carcinomas and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A*2402 is the most common allele in many ethnic groups, including Japanese, the identification of peptide sequences, which elicit HLA-A*2402-restricted Ep-CAM-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses, would facilitate specific immunotherapy for various histological types of carcinomas. An epitope was identified through the following steps: (i) computer-based epitope prediction from the amino acid sequence of Ep-CAM, (ii) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) stabilization assay to determine the affinity of the predicted peptide with HLA-A*2402 molecules, (iii) stimulation of CD8+ T cells with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells and (iv) testing the CTL specificity by means of enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays, CTL assays and MHC/peptide-tetramer staining. Peripheral CD8+ T cells of four of five healthy donors after three rounds of stimulation with the peptide Ep-CAM173-181 (RYQLDPKFI) secreted interferon-gamma in ELISPOT assays when exposed to the peptide. A CTL clone specific to the peptide efficiently lysed Ep-CAM-expressing cancer cell lines in an HLA-A*2402-restricted fashion. Endogenous processing and presentation of the peptide in a lung cancer cell line were confirmed by means of cold target inhibition assays. The CTL clone was also lytic to normal bronchial epithelial cells but to a lesser extent at low effector: target ratios. All these data suggest that the peptide-specific CTL responses may play some roles both in anti-cancer and autoimmune reactions. The peptide should prove useful to study anti-Ep-CAM CTL responses among population possessing HLA-A*2402.     

Identification of a shared epitope recognized by melanoma-specific, HLA-A3-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes

We previously established a melanoma-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) line that recognizes multiple epitopes in the context of HLA-A3. To increase the number of peptides available for use in a vaccine for the treatment of melanoma, we identified one of these epitopes, SQNFPGSQK, through a combination of epitope reconstitution experiments and mass spectrometry. The SQNFPGSQK peptide was also found to be associated with HLA-A3 on an additional melanoma tumor line, thus indicating that the peptide is not unique to the melanoma tumor line from which it was isolated and thus, unlikely to arise through a mutational event. Although the protein origin of SQNFPGSQK has yet to be established, the shared nature of this epitope and the fact that it elicits a natural immune response indicates that it warrants further study to determine its usefulness as a vaccine component for the treatment of melanoma. The peptide may also be useful as a research tool for evaluating spontaneous anti-tumor immune responses in patients with melanoma.