躯体疾病合并抑郁症的发病情况及其治疗

目的 :观察躯体疾病合并抑郁症的发病情况以及不同治疗措施的疗效。方法 :6 8例患有躯体疾病患者填写Zung量表 (抑郁症自评表 ) ,按Zung量表评分标准 ,>4 0分且符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准的患者诊断为抑郁症。结果 :内科疾病组 5 5例中 2 5例 (45 .6 % )患有抑郁症 ,显著高于体检组 13例中 2例 (15 .4 % )患有抑郁症(P <0 .0 5 ) ;对内科疾病组 2 5例抑郁症患者中的 10例 ,在躯体疾病和心理治疗的基础上 ,加用抗抑郁药物治疗 ,其有效率 80 .0 % ,显著高于未加用抗抑郁药物治疗的患者 (40 % ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 ;躯体疾病患者常合并有抑郁症 ;对这些患者同时给予适当的抗抑郁症药物治疗可以提高躯体疾病的治疗效果。     

Phenelzine Therapy for Headache Patients With Concomitant Depression and Anxiety

Eleven patients with refractory chronic daily headache, associated depression, and generalized anxiety were treated with phenelzine. Ten patients (91%) had a greater than or equal to 50% improvement in headache frequency, seven (64%) had a similar degree of improvement in mood and headache intensity or activity level. Orthostatic hypotension was the most common side effect and necessitated discontinuation of therapy in two patients. One patient suffered a hypertensive crisis which was easily managed and caused no permanent sequelae. Based on these preliminary results, we conclude that phenelzine is effective in the treatment of chronic daily headache with associated depression and anxiety, but further investigations are needed to determine if there is selective efficacy of phenelzine for this subgroup of patients.     

老年慢性躯体疾病合并抑郁症的康复治疗

目的 :探讨单纯抗抑郁药物与心理及药物联合治疗对老年慢性躯体疾病合并抑郁症患者躯体疾病康复的影响。方法 :10 2例确诊为抑郁症的老年慢性躯体疾病患者分为药物组 4 6例 ,综合组 5 6例 ,均在治疗原发病的基础上进行抗抑郁药物治疗 ,综合组同时配合心理治疗。在治疗前、治疗后 2及 8周时 ,2组患者均进行Zung量表和QLI评分表评分。结果 :治疗 2周时 2组Zung量表总分均有下降 ,与治疗前比较差异有显著性 ,2组间比较差异无显著性 ;QLI评分治疗前后及组间比较均差异无显著性。治疗 8周时 2组Zung量表总分明显下降 ,QLI评分开始上升 ,与治疗前比较均差异有显著性 ,2组组间比较 ,综合组更优于药物组 (P <0 .0 5 )。患者躯体症状明显改善 ,无并发症出现 ,绝大多数患者对原发病的预后呈现乐观的心态。结论 :早期识别老年抑郁症 ,并进行积极有效的抗抑郁综合治疗对促进原发疾病的康复具有非常重要的意义。     

Insomnia,Sleepiness, and Depression in Adolescents Living in Residential Care Facilities

The main objective of this study was to document sleep patterns and disturbances reported by youths temporarily living in residential care facilities. A secondary objective was to examine the relationships between sleep disturbances and mood and daytime sleepiness. A self-reported questionnaire on sleep patterns and habits assessing duration, frequency, and consequences of sleep difficulties, the Beck Depression Inventory-2, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were administered to a sample of 66 adolescents. Results suggest a high rate of sleep disturbances in this sample, with 41% reporting insomnia symptoms and 21% meeting diagnostic criteria for an insomnia syndrome. Those with more severe insomnia syndrome showed more severe depressive symptoms and daytime consequences.     

抗抑郁治疗对高血压并发抑郁症患者康复的影响

目的:探讨抗抑郁治疗对原发性高血压并发抑郁症患者康复的影响。方法:原发性高血压并发抑郁症患者102例,分为干预组60例和对照组42例,均服用洛汀新降压治疗;干预组加服罗拉西泮并配合康复治疗。结果:治疗6个月后,干预组汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分、收缩压及舒张压均显著低于治疗前及对照组(P<0.05),且并发有糖尿病和高脂血症的患者治疗效果也明显优于对照组(P<0.05),其心脑血管急性事件的发生率低于对照组。结论;抗抑郁治疗可以缓解原发性高血压病患者的抑郁状态,提高降压效果,改善血糖及血脂代谢,降低心脑血管急性事件的发生。     

Exploring Factors Associated With Long-Term Opioid Therapy in Cancer Survivors: An Integrative Review

ContextThe prevalence of chronic pain in cancer survivors is double that of the general U.S. population. Opioids have been the foundation of cancer pain management for decades; however, there is a paucity of literature on long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) in cancer survivors. An understanding of factors related to LTOT use in cancer survivors is needed to address chronic pain and balance opioid harms in the expanding population of cancer survivors.ObjectivesTo analyze the research of LTOT utilization and factors associated with persistent opioid use in cancer survivors.MethodsA five-stage integrative review process was adapted from Whittemore and Knafl. Data sources searched included Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Quantitative research studies from 2010 to present related to cancer survivors managed on LTOT were included. Editorials, reviews, or abstracts were excluded.ResultsAfter reviewing 315 articles, 21 articles were included. We found that there were several definitions of LTOT in the reviewed studies, but the duration of opioid use (i.e., more than three months after completion of curative treatment) was the most common. The reviewed literature describes a relationship between LTOT and important biopsychosocial factors (cancer type, socioeconomic factors, and comorbidities).ConclusionThe studies in this review shed light on the factors associated with LTOT in cancer survivors. LTOT was common in certain populations of cancer survivors and those with a collection of patient-specific characteristics. This review suggests that there is a critical need for specialized research on chronic cancer pain and opioid safety in cancer survivors.     

Salivary Cortisol Release and Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis Feedback Sensitivity in Fibromyalgia Is Associated With Depression But Not With Pain

Results on hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in fibromyalgia are heterogeneous and studies that integrate psychological and biological mechanisms in the search for pathways to fibromyalgia are rare. The goal of the study was to evaluate cortisol release and HPA axis feedback regulation in fibromyalgia and its association with psychopathology and pain. Beneath assessment of pain thresholds and self-report of pain, salivary free cortisol release over the day before and after intake of 0.5 mg of dexamethasone was measured in 21 female patients with fibromyalgia and 26 control women. Depression was assessed by questionnaires and clinical interview. We found reduced feedback sensitivity and slightly enhanced cortisol release in patients with fibromyalgia compared with healthy control subjects. Post hoc analyses showed that these effects are exclusively found in those patients, who also had major depressive disorder. Patients with fibromyalgia had lower pain pressure threshold, whereas heat pain thresholds were comparable with control subjects. Pain pressure and heat pain thresholds were not associated with cortisol release. On the other hand measurements of affective pain experience and depression were positively correlated with salivary cortisol over the day. Our results support the hypotheses that HPA axis related alterations are associated with affective disturbances, for example, depression, in patients with fibromyalgia.     

Depression in Adolescents With Diabetes

TOPIC: Prevalence and interventions for depression in youth with type 1 diabetes. PURPOSE: To explore the co-morbidity of youth with diabetes and psychiatric conditions, and evaluate the relationship of youth with co-morbid depression and diabetes on glycemic control, quality of life, family support, behavioral problems, attributional style, and self-esteem. SOURCES: Relevant literature in both child and adolescent populations of psychiatry, psychology, and nursing. CONCLUSIONS: Youth with type 1 diabetes have significantly higher rates of depression over the general population. Seratonin reuptake inhibitors, cognitive behavioral treatment, interpersonal therapy, improving family communication and problem-solving skills, and diabetes education hold promise as treatment that can decrease depression in youth with diabetes. Advanced practice nurses are positioned to provide these interventions and treatments.     

Depression,Self-efficacy,and Adherence in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Depression and self-efficacy can be major factors in treatment adherence for patients with type 2 diabetes. Fifty-five adults with diabetes completed a depression inventory, a self-efficacy questionnaire, and a diabetes self-care inventory. As depressive symptoms increased, self-efficacy decreased (P = .000). As depressive symptoms increased, participants reported following the appropriate diet (P = .020) and exercise (P = .034) recommendations less often. Participants with higher self-efficacy were less likely to smoke (P = .031), and were more likely to adhere to diet (P = .000) and exercise (P = .000). Interventions should be multifaceted to address various factors that affect diabetes adherence.     

Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Pain Perception,Quality of Life,and Depression in Men With Prostate Cancer

Context

Previous animal and human research suggests that testosterone has antinociceptive properties. Castration in male rodents increases pain perception which is reversed by testosterone replacement. Pain perception also improves in hypogonadal men with testosterone therapy. However, it remains unclear whether androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with an increase in pain perception.

Relations Between Depression Level and Conflict Resolution Styles,Marital Adjustments of Patients With Major Depression and Their Spouses

The objective of this study was to determine to relations between the depression level and the conflict resolution styles, marital adjustments of the depressed patients and to analyze the conflict resolution styles, marital adjustments of both the patients and their spouses as the possible predictors of depression levels. The research comprised 113 patients with major depression and their spouses. While there was a negative correlation between depression scores and positive and subordination conflict resolution styles subscales of the patients, there was a positive correlation between the depression scores and negative conflict resolution style subscale. Negative correlation was observed between the depression and marital adjustment scores of patients (p < 0.05). The conflict resolution styles and marital adjustment of depressed patients and their spouses are predictors of depression in patients.     

Prevalence and Correlates of Low Pain Interference Among Patients With High Pain Intensity Who Are Prescribed Long-Term Opioid Therapy

The pain experience may vary greatly among individuals reporting equally high levels of pain. We sought to examine the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with pain interference in patients with high pain intensity. Among patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain who were prescribed long-term opioid therapy and who were recruited from 2 health care systems, we identified a subset who reported high pain intensity (n?=?189). All individuals completed self-report assessments of clinical and demographic factors. Analyses examined characteristics associated with pain interference. Within this group of patients with high reported pain intensity, 16.4% (n?=?31) had low pain interference, 39.2% (n?=?74) had moderate pain interference, and 44.4% (n?=?84) had high pain interference. In bivariate analyses, patients with lower pain interference had fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, less pain catastrophizing, a better quality of life, and greater self-efficacy for managing pain. In multivariate analyses, variables most strongly associated with low pain interference, relative to high interference, were depression severity (odds ratio 0.90; 95% confidence interval 0.82-0.99) and pain self-efficacy (odds ratio 1.07; 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.12). Study results suggest that chronic pain treatments that address symptoms of depression and enhance pain self-efficacy may be prioritized, particularly among patients who are prescribed long-term opioid therapy.Perspective: This article describes the prevalence and correlates of pain interference categories (low, medium, and high) among patients with high pain intensity who are prescribed long-term opioid therapy. Findings reveal that 16.4% of participants with high pain intensity had low impairment. Multivariate analyses indicate that variables significantly associated with low pain interference were lower depression scores and greater pain self-efficacy.     

产后抑郁症及其家庭环境相关性探讨

目的 了解当地产后抑郁症的发病情况以及与产后抑郁症发生相关的家庭环境因素，寻找预防产后抑郁症的有效措施。方法 对我院237例产妇以爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）进行筛选，以确定产后抑郁症患者，然后以家庭环境量表（FES-CV）和自编家庭条件问卷进行调查。结果 当地产后抑郁症的发病率为12，66％；各年龄组产妇产后抑郁症的发病率没有显著差异；家庭环境道德宗教观和控制性评分无统计学意义（P〉0.05），其余各项均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；家庭环境因素中经济收入、居住条件、夫妻关系和丈夫照顾程度与PPD发生相关，具有统计学意义。结论 产后5周产妇即可出现不同程度的抑郁症表现；经济收入低、居住条件差、夫妻关系不和睦以及丈夫照顾不周是产后抑郁症发生的危险因素；应针对不同的危险因素采取不同的预防措施。     

综合护理干预对肝癌患者围术期焦虑、抑郁及睡眠的影响

目的探讨综合护理干预对肝癌患者围术期焦虑、抑郁及睡眠的影响。方法便利抽样选取2012年9-12月在第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院肝外三科确诊的肝癌手术患者100例为研究对象。按患者入院先后将其分为观察组和对照组,每组各50例。对照组患者采用常规的护理方法,而观察组患者在常规治疗和护理的基础上,加强了综合护理干预。分别于入院当日、术前1d,比较两组患者的焦虑、抑郁及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)评分。结果入院当天,两组患者的焦虑、抑郁程度及PSQI评分差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。术前1d,两组患者焦虑、抑郁程度及PSQI评分差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论综合护理干预可减轻或消除患者术前、术后焦虑、抑郁症状,改善睡眠质量,实现快速康复理念,促进患者康复及医患关系协调,提高患者的满意度。     

认知治疗联合西酞普兰治疗抑郁症

[目的]探讨认知治疗联合西酞普兰药物治疗抑郁症的疗效.[方法]80例抑郁症患者被随机分成认知治疗联合西酞普兰组（研究组）和单用西酞普兰药物治疗组（对照组）,每组40名患者;采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、临床疗效总评量表（CGI-GI）评定疗效.[结果]两组抑郁症状均有明显改善,但4周后研究组HAMD得分与对照组组比较下降明显,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,12周后研究组CGI得分与对照组组比较下降明显,差异有显著性（P〈0.01）.[结论]认知治疗联合西酞普兰是一种较好的治疗抑郁症的疗法.     

音乐疗法对脑卒中后抑郁患者的康复作用

目的:探讨音乐疗法对脑卒中后抑郁患者的康复作用。方法:80例脑卒中后抑郁患者随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,均进行常规治疗和护理。观察组同时配合音乐治疗。治疗前后均采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和护士观察量表(NOSIE)评分。结果:治疗2个月后,2组患者HAMD总分与治疗前比较均明显下降,NOSIE总分明显提高;2组间比较,观察组HAMD总分低于对照组,NOSIE总分及各单因子分中社会功能、社会兴趣、个人整洁、易激惹及抑郁因子分明显高于对照组(均P0.05,0.01)。结论:音乐治疗作为精神科的辅助治疗方法具有临床实践意义,为脑卒中后抑郁患者全面康复创造条件。