盆腔外子宫内膜异位症19例临床分析

目的 探讨盆腔外子宫内膜异位症的临床特征。方法收集本院1990年1月至2000年12月收治的19例盆腔外子宫内膜异位症患者的临床资料,分析其发病情况、临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后。结果 18例患者为育龄期妇女,1例为围绝经期妇女,平均年龄36.2岁。病变部位8例位于手术切口、宫颈及阴道穹隆6例、胃肠道2例、泌尿系统3例及其他部位1例。主要症状:8例有皮下结节伴经期疼痛、2例月经期血尿及排便痛等,5例无典型症状。术前诊断率较低(52.6％)。治疗以局部病灶切除为主,术后辅以药物治疗。结论盆腔外子宫内膜异位症原因较复杂,因临床表现不典型,术前诊断率不高,应注意原发症状与月经周期的关系,提高对本病的认识。治疗应以切除病灶、缓解症状、恢复功能为主。     

青少年子宫内膜异位症29例临床分析

目的:探讨青少年子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)的特点、诊断和治疗。方法:回顾分析1995~2006年在北京协和医院手术确诊的29例年龄20周岁以内的EMs患者的临床资料。结果:无生殖道畸形21例患者的平均年龄为18.57±0.93岁,而伴发生殖道畸形8例患者的平均年龄为16.00±1.31岁,两者差异有统计学意义(t=5.96,P=0.00);导致就诊的主要症状为痛经或下腹痛(79.3%,23/29),其中选择手术的最主要原因是盆腔包块(96.6%);CA125升高(>35kU/L)占81%(13/16)。23例行腹腔镜手术,6例行开腹手术,伴发生殖道梗阻性畸形的患者同时或稍后行整形手术解除梗阻。按照r-ASF分期标准分期,Ⅰ期2例(6.9%),Ⅲ期20例(69.0%),Ⅳ期7例(24.1%)。11例患者术后辅助药物治疗。结论:青少年EMs主要症状为痛经或下腹痛,常合并生殖道梗阻性畸形。卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿是目前青少年EMs的主要手术指征。确诊依靠手术及病理,术后视情况用药物辅助治疗,合并畸形的患者要及早诊断并及时解除梗阻性畸形。     

子宫内膜异位症的药物治疗及进展

子宫内膜异位症(简称内异症)是常见的妇科疾病之一，在妇科剖腹术中，约5％～15％发现有此病。内异症以痛经、不育、慢性盆腔痛为主要临床表现。不能治愈、易复发的特性决定了药物治疗的重要性。药物治疗主要用于轻中度内异症、重度内异症的术前准备、术后的巩固治疗。随着对内异症的病因和病理生理过程研究的深入，出现了一些针对性和高选择性治疗。现将国内外内异症的药物治疗及进展进行综述。     

阴道子宫内膜异位症18例临床分析

目的:探讨阴道子宫内膜异位症(内异症)的临床特点和治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院2003年1月至2005年10月收治的18例经病理证实为阴道内异症患者的临床资料。结果:阴道内异症独立存在者13例(72.2%),合并盆腔内异症者5例(27.8%)。前组性交痛及合并妇科良、恶性肿瘤的比例高于后组,而合并不孕的比例较后组低。所有患者中8例行保守性手术治疗,其中4例术后加用GnRHa治疗3个月;其余10例均行根治性手术治疗。平均随访18.6月,共有2例复发(11.1%),均见于肿块直径≥3 cm、行阴道局部切除未用药物治疗者。总共半年累积复发率13.3%(2/15),保守性手术复发为25%(2/8),其半年累积复发率40.0%(2/5);保守性手术术后加用药物治疗者及行根治性手术者无复发。各种术式之间比较,无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:阴道子宫内膜异位症与常见的盆腔内异症相比较,有其特殊之处。其发生机制可能与盆腔内异症不同,尚有待进一步研究。     

腹腔镜诊治子宫内膜异位症相关性慢性盆腔痛的临床研究

目的:评价腹腔镜在子宫内膜异位症(EMT)相关性慢性盆腔痛诊断及治疗中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析86例EMT相关性慢性盆腔痛患者行腹腔镜手术治疗的效果及疼痛程度与EMT分期及部位的关系。结果:腹腔镜手术治疗EMT相关性慢性盆腔痛疼痛缓解率90.7%。rAFS分期Ⅱ期患者Ⅰ度疼痛占71.4%,Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期患者Ⅱ度以上疼痛占95.5%。单纯卵巢巧克力囊肿和(或)盆腔腹膜EMT患者Ⅰ、Ⅱ度疼痛占88.4%,病灶侵犯宫骶韧带、直肠子宫陷凹和子宫后壁以及深部浸润的EMT患者Ⅱ、Ⅲ度疼痛占93.0%。结论:盆腔子宫内膜异位病灶侵犯宫骶韧带、直肠子宫陷凹、子宫后壁和深部浸润是引起EMT相关性慢性盆腔痛的主要原因,腹腔镜能明确诊断及治疗EMT相关性慢性盆腔痛,治疗效果满意。     

子宫内膜异位症手术治疗临床分析

子宫内膜异位症虽然疗法很多,但为其解除其疼痛,求得复孕,目前尚缺乏完善之策。尤其对中、重度的患者,其病灶较大,范围较广,纤维化严重,并伴有子宫及附件粘连者,药物治疗往往难以奏效,故采用手术疗法仍是一种主要手段。为此,我院就近五年经手术治疗,病理证实的118例盆腔子宫内膜异位症及78例术后随访的病例回顾性分析。1子宫内膜异位症的发病与以往手术的关系     

输卵管子宫内膜异位症39例临床分析

目的:探讨输卵管子宫内膜异位症(TEM)的临床特点、发病相关因素,以及其与卵巢子宫内膜异位症(EMs)的关系。方法:回顾分析2005至2017年北京大学人民医院收治的病理诊断为TEM的39例患者的临床资料,包括患者年龄、生育情况、避孕方法、病理特点及合并妇科疾病情况。结果:39例患者均为术后病理确诊,平均年龄41.6岁(18～59岁),平均孕次1.79次(0～6次),平均产次0.82次(0～2)。11例有不孕史,20例有人工流产史,8例有剖宫产史,1例绝育术,10例宫内节育器避孕。术后病理提示,单纯输卵管子宫内膜异位症3例,合并盆腔其他部位子宫内膜异位症26例,合并单侧卵巢子宫内膜异位症者均与输卵管子宫内膜异位症病变同侧。结论:TEM的临床表现无特异性,诊断均需手术病理确诊,其发生可能与输卵管绝育术及放置宫内节育器、流产等宫腔操作等因素相关。TEM可能与卵巢子宫内膜异位症的发生有一定相关性。     

496例腹壁子宫内膜异位症临床分析

目的:探讨腹壁子宫内膜异位症(AWE)的相关临床特征、治疗及预后的影响因素。方法:回顾分析2007年1月1日至2016年12月31日因AWE就诊于复旦大学附属妇产科医院的496例患者的临床病例资料,包括患者的一般情况、临床表现、手术情况及预后情况。结果:496例AWE患者的平均年龄(31.4±4)岁。既往剖宫产史495例,子宫肌瘤手术史1例。病灶浸润深度至筋膜层(49.6%),至肌层、腹膜及脂肪层分别占21.2%、14.5%及14.3%。94.6%的AWE患者有切口处疼痛,90.7%可触及包块。术前均行B超检查,均发现包块,包块直径(26.06±12.2)mm。患者均行手术治疗,20.1%行补片修补;147例患者术后辅助药物治疗。术后随访3个月~7年,421随访患者中,21例复发,总体复发率4.9%;多个病灶患者的复发率(11.6%)明显高于单个病灶患者(3.9%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。复发患者的平均年龄小于未复发患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但包块大小及其浸润深度对复发无显著影响。术后辅助药物治疗患者的复发率[3.6%(5/138)]低于未药物治疗者[5.7%(16/283)],但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:AWE的主要原因是剖宫产,属于医源性疾病。发病年龄早及多个病灶的患者术后较易复发。手术治疗为最主要的治疗方式,术后辅助药物治疗有助于减少复发。     

会阴子宫内膜异位症的临床分析

目的：探讨会阴子宫内膜异位症（内异位）的诊断和处理。方法：对1院1983－2000年收治的11例会阴内异症病例进行回顾性分析,术后随诊0．5－7．0年。结果：会阴内异症占我院同期内异症的0．37％,我院会阴内异症发生率为0．87／万。根据临床表现及病理检查,11例均诊断正确。除1例外,均有会阴撕裂或侧切史;发病潜伏期,30岁以前多在1年以内,30岁以上多在1年以上,两者差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。会阴内异症病灶完整切除10例,随诊6个月至7年,无复发。结论：根据典型的病史和身体检查,可以对会阴切口内异症做出正确诊断;手术切除为主要治疗方法。     

子宫内膜异位症200例临床分析

通过临床观察200例,子宫内膜异位症患者的临床资料,对临床症状、诊断和处理方式进行初步分析探讨。以便临床给予患者更好的治疗。     

子宫颈子宫内膜异位症19例临床病理分析

目的分析子宫颈子宫内膜异位症的临床表现及诊治特点,以指导临床工作。方法回顾性分析北京协和医院妇产科1993年1月至2007年12月间病理证实为子宫颈子宫内膜异位症的19例患者的临床资料。结果19例子宫颈子宫内膜异位症患者中,11例术前宫颈外观正常而术后病理切片提示病变,其中9例行全子宫切除术,2例行宫颈锥切术。术前宫颈外观异常8例患者中,3例表现为宫颈肿物,1例表现为宫颈息肉,4例表现为宫颈紫蓝色结节;6例患者主诉有不规则阴道出血和／或性交后出血;4例浅表的宫颈紫蓝色结节行结节切除术,宫颈肿物及息肉行病灶切除2例,全子宫切除2例。结论子宫颈子宫内膜异位症可伴阴道不规则出血或性交后出血。治疗方式的选择应根据病变的类型、患者的年龄及生育要求采取个体化的手段。     

Obturator hernia as a cause of recurrent pain in a patient with previously diagnosed endometriosis

Recurrent chronic pelvic pain should prompt physicians to reassess the patient. The threshold to perform laparoscopy, and to consider and surgically treat all potential disease associated with pain, even non-gynecologic etiologies, should be low, especially in those whose pain is focal or unresponsive to hormone therapy.     

Painful sex (dyspareunia): a difficult symptom in gynecological practice

Dyspareunia is defined as recurrent or persistent genital pain associated with sexual intercourse. It is a symptom that can have a significant impact on women's health, relationships and quality of life. There are multiple different causes for it, including both organic and psychosexual components. Despite the high prevalence of sexual pain, estimated to between 3 and 18% worldwide, few guidelines exist for its evaluation and management. Adequate assessment requires a comprehensive sexual history, a systematic and thorough examination of the lower genital tract to rule out anatomical causes and an exploration of potential psychosexual causes. Further investigations may include swabs and a pelvic ultrasound scan. In some cases, a diagnostic laparoscopy may be required if there is evidence of endometriosis or utero-vaginal pathology that does not respond to conservative management. This article considers the diagnosis and investigation of women complaining of dyspareunia.     

Dyspareunia: a difficult symptom in gynaecological practice

Dyspareunia is recurrent or persistent genital pain associated with sexual intercourse. It is a symptom that can have a significant impact on women's health, relationships and quality of life. There are multiple different causes for it, including both organic and psychosexual components. Despite the high prevalence of sexual pain, estimated to between 3 and 18% worldwide, few guidelines exist for its evaluation and management. Adequate assessment requires a comprehensive sexual history, a systematic and thorough examination of the lower genital tract to rule out anatomical causes and an exploration of potential psychosexual causes. Further investigations may include swabs and a pelvic ultrasound scan. In some cases a diagnostic laparoscopy may be required if there is evidence of endometriosis or utero-vaginal pathology that does not respond to conservative management. This article considers the diagnosis and investigation of women complaining of dyspareunia.     

Medical and surgical management of chronic pelvic pain

Chronic pelvic pain is common and is estimated to affect over one million women in the UK. It may be a symptom of a number of different conditions and is often multifactorial in nature, caused by a combination of physical, psychological and social factors. For many women, a primary cause cannot be identified. This can make both diagnosis and management difficult. Gynaecological causes of chronic pelvic pain include endometriosis, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and adhesions. The gynaecologist must also consider non-gynaecological causes of pain related to the gastrointestinal, urinary, neurological, musculoskeletal and psychological systems if satisfactory management of the woman's pain is to be achieved.This review addresses the approach to diagnosis and management of women presenting with chronic pelvic pain. It details specific disease management but also seeks to encourage a holistic approach to all women with chronic pelvic pain, whether or not a primary diagnosis is established.     

A long-term follow-up study of women with asymptomatic endometriosis diagnosed incidentally at sterilization

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether asymptomatic endometriosis diagnosed in connection with tubal sterilization is likely to cause symptoms later in the woman's life. DESIGN: Controlled, clinical follow-up study of women who were examined for endometriosis in connection with tubal sterilization performed between 1986 and 1989. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENT(S): Thirty-nine women with mostly minimal endometriosis discovered at sterilization and 157 control women with no endometriosis discovered at sterilization. INTERVENTION(S): Interview in 2001 by a posted questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Report on pain, pelvic operations, menopausal status, and use of hormone replacement therapy. RESULT(S): Pelvic pain was more frequently reported by controls than by women with endometriosis (28% vs. 6%). There was no significant difference between the groups concerning dysmenorrhea, premenstrual pain, or dyspareunia, nor was there any significant difference in the hysterectomy rate. CONCLUSION(S): There is little risk that asymptomatic, minimal endometriosis found incidentally will become symptomatic.