高频电刀分析仪的研究与设计

设计一种便于携带的高频电刀分析仪,用于测量高频电刀的输出功率和漏电流等性能指标。首先利用热电转换器件将高频电刀的功率信号转换成直流信号,再对直流电压进行模数转换。在利用系统中的单片机对模数转换结果进行运算后,得到功率和漏电流等参数值。上述结果最终通过液晶屏显示。最后,对所设计的样机的测量误差进行分析和评定,结果表明系统样机满足设计要求。     

高频电刀检测仪的设计和功率测量不确定度评定

利用所设计高频电刀检测仪,并以功率检测为例,探讨电子检定检测仪器测量不确定度评定方法.根据高频电刀输出功率检测数据进行检测仪功率测量A类标准不确定度的评定;根据检测仪实现电路中的电气参数与影响因素等进行检测仪功率测量B类标准不确定度的评定.在此基础上,进行检测仪功率测量合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度的评定.根据功率测量扩展不确定度、高频电刀输出功率测量结果及高频电刀输出功率约定真值,确定检测仪功率测量误差.高频电刀检测仪功率测量不确定度评定方法适用于其他电子检定检测仪器相关测量参数测量不确定度的评定.     

电阻抗断层成像硬件系统

本文主要回顾了目前已报道的电阻抗断层成像（ＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌＩｍｐｅｄａｎｃｅＴｏ－ｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＥＩＴ）硬件系统性能及参数，给出了ＥＩＴ硬件系统的基本结构框图，对激励电路、测量电路等主要功能单元的结构及性能进行了分析     

基于电阻抗技术的多通道呼吸监测系统

目的为及时检测到早期呼吸系统疾病引起的呼吸功能的改变,本研究开发了一套采用生物电阻抗技术同时监测胸部和腹部的呼吸电阻抗信号的多通道呼吸监测系统。方法本系统主要分为3个单元：电阻抗数据采集单元、多通道开关单元和控制单元。电阻抗数据采集单元完成生物电阻抗数据高精度的检测,多通道开关单元完成不同部位数据采集通道之间的转换,控制单元采用LabVIEW编程实现对电阻抗数据采集单元和多通道开关单元的控制、同步采集、数据的显示及存储。利用本系统采集5名健康人长跑5000m前后胸部和腹部的同步呼吸电阻抗信号,采用一种新的参数定量描述胸部和腹部的呼吸电阻抗信号的同步程度。结果长跑前后胸部和腹部同步呼吸电阻抗信号的同步程度具有显著差异（P〈0．01）。结论基于电阻抗技术的多通道呼吸监测系统能够有效用于多个部位呼吸电阻抗信号的同步监测,为早期呼吸系统疾病的检测提供辅助诊断信息。     

高精度一体化电阻抗断层成像数据采集系统

目的设计一种高精度一体化电阻抗断层成像数据采集系统。方法根据乳腺EIT检测方法的特点，设计了一套16电极高精度一体化实验系统，包括电极、开关阵列、模拟前端、模数转换及数据传送等。系统采用了24位高精度A/D转换和数据采集系统芯片ADuC834，使用了环形电路板，将所有电路集中在该电路板上，以16个压力测试针作为与外部电极的接合点，实现了无长引线的一体化系统。结果使用该系统进行了初步成像实验，取得了较好的成像结果。结论从成像结果看．采用高精度一体化数据采集系统进行EIT成像是可行的，新系统有更高的测量精度。     

实时电阻抗断层成像系统中的一种动态成像算法

本文研究了一种用于电阻抗断层成像 (EIT)的动态成像算法—等电位线反投影法。给出了EIT技术中正向问题计算中的偏微分方程原型、等价变分问题、有限元离散化求解等过程的完整数学描述 ,并详细描述了等位线反投影法的算法原理和实现过程     

用高频电治疗高血压

大量研究表明，交感神经系统兴奋性亢进是高血压形成和维持的主要因素。针对这一致病机理，德同研究人员目前正在临床试验一种用高频电抑制过度兴奋的肾交感神经的新疗法治疗高血压。     

磁共振电阻抗成像系统的设计和实验

介绍了磁共振电阻抗成像系统设计。该系统以PC机为核心单元,实现可视化交互、数据处理和成像;采用基于PCI总线的数据采集控制卡实现电流注入、电极选通、信号预处理以及与磁共振设备(MRI)成像序列的时序匹配,对恶劣电磁环境下高信噪比的信号测量采用了特殊电磁兼容设计。基于此系统提出了利用两个方向上磁通密度分量和外围电压重构图像的设想,给出了实验方案和初步结果。     

三层电极电阻抗断层成像胃排空检测模拟实验研究

目的 采用三层电阻抗断层成像(EIT)系统进行胃排空检测模拟实验,验证多层EIT胃排空检测方法 的有效性.方法 设计、构建三层EIT系统和胃排空检测模拟实验装置,重建模拟胃排空过程的电阻抗变化图像,设置电特性变化兴趣区,连续记录每一层上兴趣区域在每一帧图像上的相对阻抗变化率值,以形成排空曲线,计算胃排空时间.结果 三层图像兴趣区阻抗随时间变化曲线的形态差异明显,各层图像的胃排空时间与过程也不相同.提示胃排空过程中,不同层面胃区的电阻抗图像所反映的食物到达和经过的情况是不一样的;同时,验证了本研究的三层EIT方法 用于胃排空检测的必要性和可行性.结论 三层EIT胃排空检测方法 可提供更为丰富的与胃排空病理和生理状态相联系的胃动力功能信息,可望为胃排空和胃动力检测与评价研究提供一种方便有效的无创图像检查手段.     

高频电刀对家兔活体皮肤组织作用的观察

目的：探讨高频电刀和汽化作用对皮肤组织结构的作用。方法：用高频电极在不同输出功率时测定大白家兔活体皮肤组织的电流强度，灼伤中心区汽化深度和汽化表面积，光镜和电镜下观察离创缘0-6mm邻近组织的结构变化。结果：随着电流输出功率的增强，皮肤组织的电流强度，中心区汽化深度和汽化表面积也随之增加，光镜和电镜下电流对不同距离的皮肤组织结构的损伤是不相同的，创缘部位和邻近组织显微和超微结构发生了热凝固性改变，损伤程度随着离中心区距离的延长而减弱，但在4mm邻近处仍有较明显的损伤性改变。结论：用高频电刀操作时应注意对邻近组织的损伤性作用，为减少损伤应严格注意操作时所用的电流强度和对组织的电灼时间。     

A novel haemostatic powder delivery device applicable in minimally invasive surgery

Haemostatic powder is an effective solution commonly used in various open surgeries. However, there is no specific intra-abdominal delivery device for application of haemostatic powder at the bleeding site during minimally invasive surgery (MIS). In this study, design, construction and test of a novel powder delivery device were carried out. The device uses pressurized gas to deliver the haemostatic powder to the bleeding point. The effect of the gas pressure and the spraying distance on the geometry of the powder dispersion surface area was investigated and found to be significant. The findings indicate that the driving gas pressure range of 60–80?mmHg and the spraying distance range of 2–5?cm achieve the most concentrated powder dispersion surface area. Additionally, in vivo experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the device in live tissue.     

生物电阻抗法无创测量颅内压的理论探讨

本文探讨了用生物电阻抗法无创测量颅内压的原理,分析了当颅内压变化时,颅内脑血流及脑脊液的变化情况,并初步推导出通过测量脑阻抗和颈阻抗来监护颅内压的方法     

The applied anatomy of anterior approach for minimally invasive hip joint surgery

The anterior approach for minimally invasive hip joint surgery is one of the common approaches utilized in hip joint surgery. Here, we report the results of dissections in 60 sides of human adult cadavers. We observed and measured the branches of the superficial circumflex iliac artery, the lateral femoral cutaneous nerves, the lateral circumflex femoral artery, and the superior gluteal nerves in the experiment via the anterior approach for minimally invasive hip joint surgery. The relationship between these structures and the anterior approach was studied. The present study provides important data demonstrating the location, path of dominant structures that might be encountered during the surgery and their relationships with the surgical incision. These data may allow surgeons performing the anterior approach for hip joint surgery to minimize the risk of neurovascular injury. Clin. Anat. 22:250–255, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

肿瘤微创治疗进展

微创医学和生物医学已成为21世纪医学发展的两大趋势和热点,微创治疗精确定位、精确治疗,创伤小、恢复快、痛苦轻,疗效确切。继以全身水平的生物基因治疗,通过肿瘤宿主防御机制或生物制剂的作用以调节机体自身的生物学反应,抑制或消除肿瘤,减少了肿瘤的复发,改善了患者的生存质量。21世纪肿瘤微创治疗的进展主要表现在以下五大方面:(1)序贯联合模式;(2)精确定位、精确治疗;(3)联合生物免疫治疗;(4)根治性肿瘤微创治疗;(5)人性化、理性化治疗。微创治疗联合生物基因治疗的新模式将成为新世纪肿瘤治疗的重要组成部分。     

Survival rates of patients who undergo minimally invasive surgery for endometrial cancer with cervical involvement

Objective: Compare the oncologic outcomes of patients with intermediate-risk endometrial cancer who were staged by minimally invasive surgery with the outcomes of patients who underwent open surgery.Methods: Data from 206 patients with intermediate-risk endometrial cancer who were treated between January 2009 and January 2019 were reviewed. The patients'' data were retrieved from five institutions. The patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent open surgery and those who underwent minimally invasive surgery. Tumor characteristics, recurrence rate, disease-free survival, and overall survival were compared according to surgical approach.Results: Among the 206 patients included in this study, 76 underwent open surgery (36.9%) and 130 underwent MIS (63.1%). In patients with stage IB endometrial cancer, the recurrence rate, disease-free survival, and overall survival were not significantly different between those who underwent minimally invasive surgery and those who underwent open surgery. However, in patients with stage II endometrial cancer, the recurrence rate was significantly higher among those who underwent minimally invasive surgery (37.5% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.013). Patients with stage II endometrial cancer who underwent minimally invasive surgery had a significantly lower disease-free survival (p = 0.012) than those who underwent open surgery, however, the overall survival (p = 0.252) was similar between the two groups.Conclusion: Minimally invasive surgery results in less favorable survival outcomes than open surgery in patients with stage II endometrial cancer.     

微创手术治疗锁骨骨折198例临床分析

目的评价微创治疗锁骨骨折的临床疗效及讨论治疗体会。方法对198例锁骨骨折,中1/3段骨折95例,中、外1/3段交界处骨折69例,均采用微创手术治疗,术后三角巾悬吊保护4-6周。结果经术后5-18个月、平均10个月随访,术后骨折愈合时间3-6个月,平均3.5个月。5例出现克氏针折弯,1例出现骨折骨不连,再次手术。按照韩平良等锁骨疗效标准,优103例;良89例;可5例;差1例。优良率96.5%。结论微创治疗锁骨中1/3段骨折以及中、外1/3段交界处骨折,并且不存在肩锁关节脱位的损伤,符合生物力学固定原理和微创治疗原则,操作简单,固定稳妥,功能恢复满意。     

经皮穿刺微创术治疗颈椎间盘突出症的现状

自经皮穿刺微创手术技术用于治疗椎间盘突出领域以来,为扩大该微创技术的适应证范围,同时又能更小创伤且安全地解决临床患者的问题,各种不同的手术方式先后出现.现查阅并复习文献,从各项经皮微创技术原理、安全性及优缺点等方面来综述此类微创技术在颈椎间盘突出症方面的研究现状.     

“三步法”微创模拟教学技术在泌尿外科临床教学中的应用

目的探讨微创模拟教学技术在泌尿外科临床教学中的应用效果。方法针对实习医生、进修医生以及低年资住院医生的3个层次人群,每组6人,采用"微创技术理论知识学习+仿真模拟教学训练+临床微创手术操作"的三步法新教学模式进行培训;对3组学员培训前后基础理论、操作技能和手术实践进行考核并对结果进行对比分析。结果培训后3组学员微创基础理论和操作技能较培训前均得到显著提升(P0.05),进修医生以及低年资住院医生可完成简单的泌尿外科微创技术手术。建立了完善的泌尿外科标准化临床微创教学培训流程。结论微创模拟教学技术为临床医生和医学生提供了一种安全和高效的学习培养方法,可快速提高泌尿外科年轻医师微创手术的临床技能,缩短学习曲线。     

Comparison of the modified Wiltse's approach with spinal minimally invasive system and traditional approach for the therapy of thoracolumbar fracture

Thoracolumbar fractures are usually treated by open posterior pedicle screw fixation. However, this procedure involves massive paraspinal muscle stripping, inflicting surgical trauma, and prolonged X-ray exposure. In this study, we observed 127 patients with single-segment injury thoracolumbar fractures. Thirty-six patients were treated by the modified Wiltse's paraspinal approach with minimally invasive channel system, while 91 patients were treated via traditional posterior approach. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, screw placement accuracy, visual analogue scale score, and Cobb's angle of two groups were compared. The X-ray exposure times were notably reduced (4.2±1.6) in the new approach group (P<0.05). The pedicle screw placement accuracy and Cobb's angle after surgery were similar in the two groups. We conclude that modified Wiltse's paraspinal approach with spinal minimally invasive channel system surgery can significantly reduce the X-ray exposure times and is an alternative therapy for the thoracolumbar fracture.